Week 7 focused on cultural shifts in fin de siècle Europe. Established traditions and norms were increasingly challenged as urban growth led to new experiences and anxieties. Views of human nature as changeable and volatile ruled by urges rather than just reason grew. An interconnected world emerged through technology and inventions capturing this period of economic and technological optimism. Urban public spaces like boulevards and new structures like department stores brought both excitement and alienation as modern life accelerated.