This document discusses morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning in language. It provides examples of words that can and cannot be divided into multiple morphemes. Most words contain more than one morpheme. Morphemes can be free-standing or bound within words. Certain bound morphemes called derivational morphemes can change the grammatical category or meaning of words. Examples are provided of derivational morphemes that change nouns into adjectives or verbs. The document also distinguishes between morphemes and syllables.

1. Week 7 –Morphology (2)Morphemes are word parts that carry meaningNot all words can be divided into separate morphemes:e.g. girl, uncle, orangeMost words do have more than one meaningful part, such as grandmother, bookshelf, homemade, asked, taller, oranges.

2. Some words are built up by adding elements to a core element:Truer ….untrue….truthfullyTruest truth ……..untruthfullyDefinition: A morpheme is a meaningful element in a word.How many morphemes in the following:untruthfulness

3. Most morphemes have:-lexical meaning, e.g. kite, tall- grammatical category: -edin past tenseIMPORTANTDON’T CONFUSE MORPHEMES WITH THE NOTION OF SYLLABLE

4. Example:harvest, grammar, river contain two syllables, but only one morpheme.However, one syllable can contain more than one morpheme:Kissed is one syllable with two morphemes: kiss +edFeet >foot +pl.

5. Syllables (revision)Def. A syllable is a unit of pronunciation uttered without interruption, loosely, a single sound. All words are made from at least one syllable.MonosyllableCatHouseTheLikeRun

6. Two or more syllablesRiver (2 Ri-ver; CV-CVC)Doctor (2 Doc-tor; CVC-CVC)Happy (2 Hap-py; CVC-CV)Computer (3 Com-pu-ter; CVC-CV-CVC)Beautiful (3 Beau-ti-ful; CV-CV-CVC)Pronunciation (5 Pro-nun-ci-a-tion; CV-CVC-CV- V-CVC)

7. Morphemes can be bound or freeFree: morphemes that can stand aloneTrue, mother, orange etcBound: un-true, where un-is a bound morpheme

8. Morphemes that Derive other wordsCertain bound morphemes change the category of a word, by adding a prefix or a suffixExamplesNoun +-ful: >>>>>>adj. (doubt+ful= doubtful)Here….we have N >>>>>>adj.We say then that, the morpheme –ful is a bound morpheme derivational (N>>>adj)

9. Can u use the same logic with the following words?ReallyBeautifullyEstablishmentAmazementSweetenFrighten

10. Derivational morphemes: these are mophemes that can be added to a word in two ways:* it changes its grammatical category (eg. Noun>>>veb)* it chnages its meaning (e.g. appear vsdis+appear)

11. Bound morpheme: inflectionalThe inflectional morpheme change the form of a word but not its lexical category or its central meaning.E.g. cats, collected, sleeps, louder