The document discusses the Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War I. It established the League of Nations and transferred German territories to other countries. There were disagreements among the Big Three allies (Britain, France, US) on how harshly Germany should be punished, with France wanting to weaken it permanently to prevent another war, while the US advocated for a more lenient treaty. The terms imposed heavy blame on Germany, war reparations, reduced its military, and took territory. The effects included resentment in Germany which aided the rise of Hitler, while the US became isolationist.

1. Week 5 -
The Treaty of
Versailles, 1919:
The Peace to End all Peace
(?)

2. Reading Quiz 4 – Treaty of Versailles
1. What international organization was established by the
Treaty of Versailles?
2. Which 2 countries added to their empires by adding the
“mandates”?
3. What were 2 territories taken from Germany?
4. Who or what was the official cause of World War I,
according to the Treaty of Versailles?
5. What was 1 of the 14 Points not achieved by the
Treaty of Versailles?

3. Our Big Question Today
 The year is 1919, and the Great War is
over – “The War to End all Wars!”
 In 1919, how will the Europeans prevent
another Great War?

4. Background
 There were in total 6 different problems facing the Big
3 at the Paris Peace Conference:
 How to prevent Germany from attacking again
 How to protect Europe from communist Russia
 There were new governments in Germany/Austria
 Japan and Italy wanted their rewards for fighting in the
secret treaties
 Czechoslovakia, Poland and Yugoslovia were new
countries that needed help to get established
 The leaders of the victorious countries in WWI
(Britain, France, and the US) did not agree with each
other about the future

5. A. Why Versailles?

6. A. Why Versailles?
1. Versailles (France) was in the middle of
the 3 main European powers

7. A. Why Versailles?
 Versailles
(France) was in the middle of
the 3 main European powers

8. A. Why Versailles?
 Versailles
(France) was in the middle of
the 3 main European powers

9. A. Why Versailles?
2. Germany signed an “armistice” (Time-
out) in France (in this train*)

10. A. Why Versailles?
2. Germany signed an “armistice” (Time-
out) in France (in this train*)
3. Versailles was where the treaty of the last
war in Europe was signed (the Franco-
Prussian War, 1871)

11. B. The Big 3
Woodrow Wilson Georges Clemenceau David Lloyd
(US) (France) George (UK)

12. B. How were the Big Three different?
 At the end of World War I (then called
“the Great War”), Germany was going to
be punished. The question was, how
much?
 Who wanted to punish Germany the
most? Who wanted to punish Germany
the least?

13. B. How were the Big Three different?
Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924)
 US President (1912-1920)
 Former teacher, Head
of Princeton University
 Presbyterian, very
religious
 Progressive Movement
 First to suggest League
of Nations, collective
security
 Nobel Peace Prize, 1919

14. B. How were the Big Three different?
Lloyd George (1863-1945)
 British Prime Minister
(1916-1922)
 Had tried to reduce
military spending before
WWI (Arms Race)
 Promised to make
Germans pay at the
end of the War
 Leader of Liberal
Party, 1926-31

15. B. How were the Big Three different?
Georges Clemenceau (1841-1929)
 French Prime Minister
(1906-1909, 1917-1920)
 30 years old in Franco-
Prussian War („71)
 Wanted to weaken
Germany forever, take
back Alsace-Lorraine
 Nicknamed “the Tiger”

16. A difference of opinions
 At the end of World War I (then called
“the Great War”), Germany was going to
be punished. The question was how much
 Who wanted to punish Germany the
most? Who wanted to punish Germany
the least?

17. A difference of opinions
A. “I think we should teach Germany a lesson.
If we weaken Germany, she won‟t be able
to attack again.”
B. “I think we should forgive Germany and try
to make the world a safer place. The most
important thing is that we prevent another
Great War from happening.”
C. “I want Germany to pay for the damage
she caused, but I don‟t want to make the
Germans angry. If there is another Great
War, I want my country to stay out of it.”

18. Lloyd George’s Big Concern…

19. Lloyd George’s Big Concern…
1. Protecting British Empire
2. Using Germany to protect Europe from
Russia
3. Not allowing France to dominate Europe

20. Clemenceau’s Big Concern
Georges Clemenceau
“Mark well what I am telling
you. In six months, in a
year, ten years, when they
like, as they like, the
Germans will invade us
again. attacked. We are
We were
victorious. We represent
right, and might is ours. This
might must be used in the
service of the right” (1919)

21. Clemenceau’s Big Concern
Georges Clemenceau
Franco-Prussian
War, 1871

22. C. Terms of the Treaty
 Blame
 Reparation
 Army
 Territory

23. C. Terms of the Treaty

24. C. Terms of the Treaty

25. D. Effects and Reactions
 Britain‟sgovernment gradually changed its opinion
to Germany, and allowed Germany to escape
some of the consequences of the Treaty of Versailles
in the 1920s
 German people hated Britain and France for the
treaty, and the German government that signed the
treaty
 The United States decided to stay out of all problems
related to the treaty, and became increasingly
isolated in the 1920s-30s

26. A. Why Versailles?
1918 1940

27. 1940
(World War II)
Adolf Hitler
Hitler forces France to
surrender in 1940 in
the same train that
Germany had
surrendered in at the
end of World War I

28. When did Germany finally
make its final reparation
payment?
3 years ago