The document outlines Cameroon's national financing strategy to unlock investments for distributed renewable energy from 2020-2025. The strategy aims to achieve 75% of primary energy and 25% of electricity from renewables by 2025, requiring $4 billion in financing. It proposes reducing government spending, especially the wage bill, to free up funds for priority sectors like energy. It also recommends lowering corporate taxes to attract private investment, implementing efficient tax collection, and developing grid codes to incentivize renewable projects. The strategy matches financing needs to sources like public revenues, aid, and private capital to mobilize $4 billion for Cameroon's renewable energy transition.
The Budget and Economic Outlook, a recurring publication of the Congressional Budget Office, provides economic and budget projections that incorporate the assumption that current laws governing federal spending and revenues generally remain in place. Those baseline projections cover the 10-year period used in the Congressional budget process. The report generally describes the differences between the current projections and previous ones; compares the economic forecast with those of other forecasters; and shows the budgetary impact of some alternative policy assumptions.
This presentation describes how the report is produced and how it can be used for budget and economic analyses, providing examples from CBO’s most recent projections.
The federal budget deficit for fiscal year 2014 will
amount to $506 billion, CBO estimates, roughly
$170 billion lower than the shortfall recorded in 2013.
At 2.9 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), this
year’s deficit will be much smaller than those of recent years (which reached almost 10 percent of GDP in 2009) and slightly below the average of federal deficits over the past 40 years.
Macro Pakistani | BaKhabar Special Episode | Federal Budget 2021-22 Faiz Ahmed
Highlights from the Federal Budget 2021-22 along with comparisons of previous years' budgeted and actual revenue collection/expenditure. Ambitious target setting for revenues continues with fiscal deficits budgeted at 6.3%. Higher GDP growth is expected to bring in higher tax revenues and lower deficit. Expenditure to rise mainly for subsidies, development expenditure and higher transfer to provinces.
The Budget and Economic Outlook, a recurring publication of the Congressional Budget Office, provides economic and budget projections that incorporate the assumption that current laws governing federal spending and revenues generally remain in place. Those baseline projections cover the 10-year period used in the Congressional budget process. The report generally describes the differences between the current projections and previous ones; compares the economic forecast with those of other forecasters; and shows the budgetary impact of some alternative policy assumptions.
This presentation describes how the report is produced and how it can be used for budget and economic analyses, providing examples from CBO’s most recent projections.
The federal budget deficit for fiscal year 2014 will
amount to $506 billion, CBO estimates, roughly
$170 billion lower than the shortfall recorded in 2013.
At 2.9 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), this
year’s deficit will be much smaller than those of recent years (which reached almost 10 percent of GDP in 2009) and slightly below the average of federal deficits over the past 40 years.
Macro Pakistani | BaKhabar Special Episode | Federal Budget 2021-22 Faiz Ahmed
Highlights from the Federal Budget 2021-22 along with comparisons of previous years' budgeted and actual revenue collection/expenditure. Ambitious target setting for revenues continues with fiscal deficits budgeted at 6.3%. Higher GDP growth is expected to bring in higher tax revenues and lower deficit. Expenditure to rise mainly for subsidies, development expenditure and higher transfer to provinces.
Budget is an estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time.
From the perspective of Bangladesh the most important issues that are going to impact middle and poor class people need to be discussed
This document has been prepared by the Finance Team of SED for information purpose only of its members residing both in Bangladesh and abroad, on the basis of the publicly available information in the market and own research. This document is not directed to, or intended for distribution to or use by, any person or entity that is citizen or resident of or located in any locality, state, country, or other jurisdiction where such distribution, publication, availability or use would be contrary to law or regulation . The information and data presented herein are the exclusive property of SED and any unauthorized reproduction or redistribution of the same is strictly prohibited . No part of this report should be copied or used in any other report or publication or anything of that sort without proper credit given or prior written permission taken from the authorized publisher of this report . This disclaimer applies to the report irrespective of being used in whole or in part .
Fiscal Responsibility and Budget ManagementParas Savla
The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 (FRBMA) was enacted by the Parliament of India to institutionalise financial discipline, reduce India’s fiscal deficit, improve macroeconomic management and the overall management of the public funds by moving towards a balanced budget. The main purpose was to eliminate revenue deficit. In this presentation Indian international history behind introducing FRBM Act in India and western countries and some of provisions of Indian FRBM Act has been analysed.
Safyr Utilis is pleased to provide you with our analysis of the tax measures announced in the budget speech delivered by the Honorable Pravind Jugnauth, Minister of Finance and Economic Development on 29 July 2016.
Budget is an estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time.
From the perspective of Bangladesh the most important issues that are going to impact middle and poor class people need to be discussed
This document has been prepared by the Finance Team of SED for information purpose only of its members residing both in Bangladesh and abroad, on the basis of the publicly available information in the market and own research. This document is not directed to, or intended for distribution to or use by, any person or entity that is citizen or resident of or located in any locality, state, country, or other jurisdiction where such distribution, publication, availability or use would be contrary to law or regulation . The information and data presented herein are the exclusive property of SED and any unauthorized reproduction or redistribution of the same is strictly prohibited . No part of this report should be copied or used in any other report or publication or anything of that sort without proper credit given or prior written permission taken from the authorized publisher of this report . This disclaimer applies to the report irrespective of being used in whole or in part .
Fiscal Responsibility and Budget ManagementParas Savla
The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 (FRBMA) was enacted by the Parliament of India to institutionalise financial discipline, reduce India’s fiscal deficit, improve macroeconomic management and the overall management of the public funds by moving towards a balanced budget. The main purpose was to eliminate revenue deficit. In this presentation Indian international history behind introducing FRBM Act in India and western countries and some of provisions of Indian FRBM Act has been analysed.
Safyr Utilis is pleased to provide you with our analysis of the tax measures announced in the budget speech delivered by the Honorable Pravind Jugnauth, Minister of Finance and Economic Development on 29 July 2016.
The finance minister maintained a commendable balance between the evenly stronger and mostly diverging compulsions of economic growth, fiscal discipline and political expediency.
Most of the budget provisions are inarguably aimed at ensuring inclusive growth, and bringing in equity in taxation and provisions.
A record number of measures have been introduced, to bring predictability, transparency and conciliation in the tax regime of the country.
Aspirational, hurried and fretting
A plain reading of the budget papers, including the FM speech, makes us believe that the FM (and by implication PM) aspire to turn India into a truly egalitarian society as soon as possible but no later than 2024. Their posturing suggests that they are taking it for granted that there is no challenge to their leadership at least for next five years.
They appear in tremendous hurry to showcase all the arrows in their quivers, though most of these remain unsharpened.
The tone of the budget vividly shows that they are fretting about the gradual erosion in their support base and trying hard to make sure that this gradual erosion does not turn into an avalanche.
The Finance Minister presented the Union Budget on 1st February 2017. This is our analysis of the implications of the budget on the Indian Economy and the Markets. We have also shared the stocks that will be the Budget Winners & Losers. We hope you enjoy going through our analysis.
The Finance Minister read out the longest ever budget speech. By the end of it she was too exhausted to even complete the speech. This pretty much explains the state of affairs.
Like a caged canary aspiring to fly in the blue sky, the finance minister very enthusiastically read out the vision for new modern India. However, after two hours of aspirational efforts, it was evidently clear that she does not have enough strength to break the shackles and release herself. In the end, she was settled in the cage, totally exhausted and her wings ruffled.
The positive take away from the budget statement is that the aspirations are really high and the vision of new modern India very clear. The government for the first time made an unambiguous admission that the way forward is a progressive socio-economic structure that is egalitarian but encourages and supports private enterprise. It is a major achievement to officially abandon the socialist legacy that focused on curbing demand rather than enhancing supply and hindered the seamless integration of Indian economy in the global economy.
Position paper on finance planning and economic developmentCSBAG_Uganda
The paper containing alternative budget proposals for FY 2013/14 was presented by CSBAG to the Parliament committee on finance planning and economic development.
Infrastructural Development Financing Strategy for Nigeria. World Bank Group's Unlocking Financing for Development in Emerging and Developing Economies (EMDEs) Assignment via edX.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
1. NATIONAL FINANCING STRATEGY (TO HELP UNLOCK INVESTMENTS FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY IN CAMEROON)
Country Cameroon
Year 2019
Policy Statues In Force
Jurisdiction National
Date Effective 2020
Policy type Policy Support>Strategic Planning, Regulatory Instruments
Agency Ministry of Finance, with the support of WBG to provide Risk Mitigation Instruments
URL https://www.slideshare.net/upload
Legal References Public Policy approved by the Executive Power with the agreement of all political parties
Financing Strategy
Description
The national actions in the finance field follow a Policy Plan agreed by all the political
parties in Cameroon which states the guidelines to be followed to unlock finance for
development of priority sectors especially Renewable Energy, Rice and Fish sectors from
2020-2025.
Among others, it has been set to achieve by 2025, 75% of the global primary energy mix,
and 25% of the electric mix composed by renewable energies. This requires a financing of
approximately $4 billion.
Introduction
“When the potentials of energy efficiency and renewables are combined, the growth in total primary energy
supply (TPES) can be reduced by up to 25% compared to business as usual in 2030.” Source: IRENA
ODA is the main source of financing for Cameroon with a percentage of 47%. It is clear that the most promising
sources of investment and finance in Cameroon are Personal Remittance, Other Official Flows, Officially Supported
Export Credits and others as these four sources of finance represent just 24% of Cameroon’s finance and
investments.
Some key findings from Cameroon’s 2019 budget project the following:
2. - High debt service cost and government wage bill are crowding out priority spending such as public
investments, health, energy, agriculture and fisheries.
- An inadequate public investment budget which represents only about 6% of the GDP of Cameroon, i.e., 24% of
the annual budget, which is below the 30% needed to reach emergence in 2035 according to the World Bank
and the Strategy for Growth and Employment document.
- An inadequate energy budget (with an insignificant amount for distributed renewable energy) representing
less than 1% of the GDP or less than 4.29% of the annual budget.
- The national policy priorities of the government are not including the development of distributed renewable
energy as energy as a whole does not fall within the top 10 priorities of the public investment budget.
The National Financing Strategy
1) Mobilizing resources for specific investments. This section aims to match needs assessments to resources,
such as public revenues, aid, and private financing (e.g. project finance).
The government remains the country’s largest employer (Wage bill of 1058 billion FCFA): in comparison, the
formal sector enterprises wage bill is estimated at 996 billion FCFA (National Institute of Statistics, 2018). A
reduction in taxes (which is good for business) will likely not happen unless the government wage bill is reduced or
frozen. Indeed, a big tax cut has the potential to increase private consumption and private savings/investments. A
reduction in the government’s wage bill to below the enterprises wage bill i.e., -60 billion FCFA is proposed. This
savings can be used to increase the investment budget for energy development, road construction, entrepreneurial
education, science education and hospitals and agriculture (i.e., improving significantly the Cameroonian human
capital). Reducing corporate by 5% will also crowd in private investors (learning from Rwanda).
2) Financing policies, regulatory frameworks, and other aspects of the enabling environment.
This section aims to align financing and behavior with sustainable development.
a) Policies for Public Finance to increase Cameroon state revenue
- A reduction in the government’s wage bill (by at least $60 billion) and corporate tax (by 5%) so as to attract
private investors.
- Implementation of an efficient system of tax collection. The introduction of online
- Payment for the custom duties (border taxes) in this budget bill. This will be the default so that more of the
border taxes are paid online for the sake of efficiency.
- The sale of government assets. Assets such as vehicles and shares worth billions of FCFA can be sold to
compensate for a fall in corporate tax revenue.
- A substantial but gradual (spread over a period of five years) reduction in the government size (i.e.,
Government spending) from 58 ministerial portfolios or Budget allocation currently (for a total of 66
ministers and associates) to about 33 or below, can also help the State save billions of FCFA.
- The Cameroon Code of Transparency and Good Governance in Public Finance Management (Law N02018/011
of 11 July 2018) should be fully implemented
b) Policies for Private Finance
This subsequent fall in corporate tax revenue equivalent to -5.5% of total rate can be compensated in a
relatively short term, by reducing the government wage bill by about 60 billion FCFA as discussed earlier.
However, the savings (by the companies) should be invested in the local economy and only a relatively small
percentage should be distributed as dividend to shareholders.
c) Policies for non-financial Mol
The Ministry of Water Resources and Energy will develop the grid codes for the renewable energy sector to be
transparent and flexible so as to attract private investors.
