2. IBM AI - RAD
Section 3 - Web Development (20%)
Create dynamic and static Web projects
Understand classpath and module dependencies
Use Page Designer to add and modify HTML,
JavaScript, and JSP content
Configure Web project properties
Understand the available JSF (JavaServer Faces)
development tools
Understand the available Struts development tools
Create and configure Servlets
3. IBM AI - RAD
The Key Views of the Web Perspective
1
7
3
2
5
4
6
4. IBM AI - RAD
Static Projects and Dynamic Projects
A static Web project contains only static Web content,
such as HTML pages, images, sounds, and movie
files.
-
-
These resources are designed to be deployed to a Web
server, and do not require a J2EE application server.
The wizard allows you to select the CSS file for the project
and it can build the static Web project from a template.
A dynamic Web project contains resources needed for
Web applications, such as JSPs, servlets, JavaBeans,
and HTML
-
You can specify the version of the servlet specification, target
server containing EAR file, and context root within the wizard.
5. IBM AI - RAD
Web Application - Static
•Organizations want to make their information available to as many people
in the world as possible. This can be achieved by using the Web,
delivering the information as static HTML pages
6. IBM AI - RAD
Web Application Evolution - Servlets
Applets cannot access data on back-end systems. A Web container can
provide server-side components (such as Servlets) to generate dynamic
content
7. IBM AI - RAD
Web Application Evolution - JSPs
Servlets give poor separation between business logic and presentation
logic. Use JavaServer Pages and JavaBeans to improve separation
8. IBM AI - RAD
MVC design pattern
MVC – Model View
Controller is a Design
Pattern
- Very widely used
and regarded as a
core concept in
J2EE development
- Various practical
benefits
Promotes code reuse
Reduces development
time
The Model
-
Represents the underlying data
and business logic in one place
-
Contains no information about the
user interface
The View
-
The user interface – things the
user can see and respond to
-
Represent a "window" into the
model – there can be many of
these
The Controller
-
Connects the model and the view
-
Used to communicate between the
model and view
9. IBM AI - RAD
An Overview of the Web Resource Wizards
All Web resources can be created with a wizard.
Web resources include:
-
Projects
Static, dynamic
-
Java
Servlet, filter, listener, bean
-
View
HTML, JSP, CSS, JavaScript, images
-
Frameworks
Struts, JavaServer Faces
-
Visualization
Web diagram
10. IBM AI - RAD
Dynamic Web Project Wizard (1 of 3)
Specify
- Project
name
- Configuration
- EAR
Membership
11. IBM AI - RAD
Dynamic Web Project Wizard (2 of 3)
Choose Project
Facets
- Adds
functionality to a
project
- Manages
project builders
- Adds
appropriate Jars, class
files and other resources
Configurations group
facets
12. IBM AI - RAD
Dynamic Web Project Wizard (3 of 3)
Set the Context Root
-
http://hostname:port/<contextRoot>/<resource>
Content Directory
-
-
Class files
Deployment
descriptor
JSPs
Servlets
HTML
Other support files
13. IBM AI - RAD
Page Templates
You can use templates to provide a common look and feel
-
They provide you with a base layout for a page
Changes to the look and feel of the template are reflected in pages that
use that template
You can apply templates to individual pages, to groups of pages, or to an
entire Web Site
If you make changes to the page template, the pages created
from that page template are automatically updated. You can
create a page template in two ways:
-
Create a brand new page template
-
Create a page template from an
existing Web page file
There are two types of page templates
1. Design-Time
2. Dynamic
page templates
page templates
14. IBM AI - RAD
Design-Time and Dynamic Templates
HTML and JavaServer pages can implement templates
Templates:
-
Create a standard look and feel for your Web pages
-
Contain content areas that are filled in by the end Web Page
-
Separate content from layout
Design-Time templates have the following characteristics:
-
They can be used for both HTML and JSP pages
-
Pages are created immediately
-
Changes to the template update the Web pages
-
Templates can be nested
Header
Dynamic templates:
-
Leverage Struts-Tiles technology
-
Can only be used with JSPs
-
Generate pages during run time
Nav
Bar
Content
Area
15. IBM AI - RAD
Dynamic Templates Inheritance
Templates can extend other templates
Root templates capture shared layout information
Child templates specialize the layout for different page types
Changes to the Root template are automatically propagated to
Header
the child templates
Template hierarchy is defined in /WEB-INF/tiles-defs.xml
Nav
Bar
<tiles-definitions>
Content
Area
<definition name="MyRootTemplate"
path="/MyRootTemplate.jsp">
Header
</definition>
<definition name="MyChildTemplate"
extends="MyRootTemplate">
</definition>
Header
Nav Trail
Personal Info
Nav
Bar
Content Area
Nav
Bar
Content Area
16. IBM AI - RAD
The Structure of a Web Project
The J2EE model defines a
Web application directory
structure that specifies the
location of Web content files,
class files, class paths,
deployment descriptors, and
supporting metadata.
Rational Application
Developer mirrors this model
in its directory structure.
17. IBM AI - RAD
The WebContent Folder
This folder contains items to be published to the server
This is the root level for all content that is published
-
The context root should point to this folder
It includes three sub-folders:
-
META-INF, theme, and WEB-INF
http://myServer:port/Library/Register.jsp
18. IBM AI - RAD
The WEB-INF Folder
This is the location for all protected resources.
Files in this folder cannot be called directly from a browser.
-
They would be invoked from another file
The folder stores supporting Web resources:
-
Java .class files
-
Libraries
-
The deployment descriptor
-
.xmi files
-
.xml files
19. IBM AI - RAD
Navigating the Deployment Descriptor (2 of 2)
You can enter information either through the UI
interface (the tabs), or directly in the XML source code
-
Changes in one will be reflected in the other
20. IBM AI - RAD
Organize Web Pages in a Site Hierarchy
Web sites organize pages in a hierarchy
The Web Site Designer is an editor that
allows you to design and maintain the site
hierarchy
-
Graphically design the navigation between Web
pages
-
Apply a common stylesheet and page template
to Web pages
-
Generate and automatically update navigation
links and a site map page
Open the Web Site Designer by opening
the Web Site Navigation link in the Web
project
21. IBM AI - RAD
Web Site Navigation Overview
2
1
3
4
5
22. IBM AI - RAD
Relationship between Web Site Pages
Lines between page icons denote a
relationship
-
For example, the index page is the parent of the
product and feedback Web pages
Pages on the same level have a peer
relationship
Dashed lines around a page icon denotes a
page that has been added to the site
hierarchy but not yet created
-
Realize the Web page by selecting Create Page
from the pop-up menu
You can also share pages to create clones
that can be placed in the editor
-
For example a shared Help or Contact page
23. IBM AI - RAD
Relationship with External Links
External links are links with Web pages in other Web projects
or other servers
Use the External Links item in the Palette view to add the
following types of links:
-
File
A Web page in the workspace
-
HTTP
A Web page address
-
FTP
An FTP site address
-
E-mail
A mailto link to send e-mail
-
Other
A URL address over any protocol
Icon represents an
external link in the
Web Site Navigation
24. IBM AI - RAD
Group Logical Set of Web Pages
Group Web pages to:
-
Create a logical organization
Group a branch of the site hierarchy
according to category
-
Create a reoccurring set of links, such
as header or footer
Group a set of links that appears on
more than one page but have no
relationship to each other
To create a group, select a set of
Web
pages and use the Group
command
25. IBM AI - RAD
Web Site Details Overview
1
2
3
4
5
26. IBM AI - RAD
Add Navigation Elements to Web Pages (1 of 2)
In the Palette view, use the Web Site Navigation
drawer to add navigation elements to a Web page
-
Horizontal/Vertical Bar: Adds a row or column of links
Horizontal/Vertical Tabs: Adds a row or column of tabs
Horizontal/Vertical menu: Standard menu
Tabbed menu: Uses tabs to contain the hierarchy
Navigation Trail: Writes out the path to the current page
Drop-Down list: Displays a combo-box
Site Map: Creates a table of links in the current page
The best practice is to add the navigation elements to
a template
27. IBM AI - RAD
Add Navigation Elements to Web Pages (2 of 2)
28. IBM AI - RAD
Visualize Dynamic Web Application Flow
Dynamic Web sites can have
several levels of indirection before
returning a response.
-
For example, clicking a link on a JSP
page triggers a custom tag, which
determines which page to return
Web diagrams help you to visualize
and modify the flow of a dynamic
Web application.
Open the Web Diagram Editor by
opening the Web Diagram link in
the Web project.
29. IBM AI - RAD
Add Web Pages to the Web Diagram
1.Select a Web page in the Web Site Designer.
2.Open the pop-up menu, right-click and select Show Page in
Web Diagram Editor.
Conversely, you can select a Web page in the Web Diagram
Editor and select Show Page in the Web Site Designer.
30. IBM AI - RAD
Add Web Page Links in the Web Diagram
There are different ways to create links:
-
From the Palette view, select the Connection item, click the first page and
drag the connection to the second page.
-
Drag the connection handle to another page or an empty space to create
the end page.
-
From the fly out, choose a type of link and then drag its connection handle
to a page.
3
1
2
31. IBM AI - RAD
Compare Web Site Designer with Diagram
Both the Web Site Designer and Web Diagram are tools to help
you visualize the design of a Web site.
Use the Web Site Designer for the following tasks:
-
To automatically maintain navigation links and site map pages
-
To document static links between pages in the Web site and external to
the Web site
-
To apply a uniform look to all Web pages in the site
The following tasks are better suited for the Web Diagram:
-
Document and modify the flow inside the Web application between
different Web resources
-
Visually examine and modify a Web application using an application
framework, such as Struts or JavaServer Faces
32. IBM AI - RAD
The New Web Page Wizard: HTML/XHTML Template
The folder must
exist before the
file can be
created
-
Browse to a
legitimate
location
Choose a
markup
language
-
HTML is the
default
33. IBM AI - RAD
The JSP Wizard
The file can be
standard JSP or
Fragment
If the Dynamic
Web Project has a
Faces or Struts
Facet added to it,
the Wizard Options
dialog will enable a
Faces or Struts
JSP to be created
34. IBM AI - RAD
The Page Designer Editor
Page Designer is an HTML and JSP editor for
developing Web pages both visually and textually
-
Including form elements, Java applets, embedded scripts,
and JSP tags
Three modes: Design, Source, and Preview
Content assist is available in the Source page for
HTML, JSP, and JavaScript
-
The type of assistance is set automatically according to the
position of the cursor, type of page, and page contents
(such as included taglibs)
35. IBM AI - RAD
JSP Architecture
JSP Source Code runs on the Web server in the JSP Servlet Engine
The JSP Servlet Engine dynamically generates the HTML and send the output to the
client.
A JSP takes the same path as the “Servlet Life Cycle”
36. IBM AI - RAD
Adding Tags Using the Palette View
The Palette view contains a series of drawers. Each drawer
contains items that can be dragged into the active editor.
The Palette view can be customized
-
Right-click within the Palette view and select Customize
37. IBM AI - RAD
Using the Insert Menu
HTML elements can be
inserted in the Design
The element may not be
visible
-
There may be just an icon
to mark the place
The area of the element
may be outlined for
design-time convenience
-
Forms, tables
38. IBM AI - RAD
Inserting JSP Code in the Page Designer
If a JSP file is active in the
editor, an additional menu
appears
JSP tags can be inserted in
either the Design view or
the Source view
-
For expressions, scriptlets,
and declarations, a tag icon is
inserted in the Design view,
but Content-assisted coding
can only be done in the
Source view
39. IBM AI - RAD
Inserting JSP Custom Tags
Using the JSP menu, you can insert custom tags from any
custom tag libraries imported in the JSP
-
Select JSP > Insert Custom from the menus to open the Insert
Custom Tag dialog
-
Select the appropriate tag library, then the custom tag, and select
Insert
40. IBM AI - RAD
Modifying Tag Properties in the Properties View
The Properties view displays names and basic properties of a
selected resource.
The view can be toggled between graphic and tabular
presentation.
41. IBM AI - RAD
Adding Variables to the Page Data View
The Page Data view allows you to manage data from a variety
of sources
Data is added to the view
-
Scripting variables, session EJBs, JavaBeans, Web services, and so
on
The data can then be configured and dragged onto a JSP
42. IBM AI - RAD
Editing JavaScript in the Quick Edit View
The Quick Edit view is used to add short scripts to HTML and
JSP files.
-
For example, select a button tag on a JSP page, associate a click
event with that button and add a script to it.
You can drag items from the Snippets view into the Quick Edit
view.
43. IBM AI - RAD
The Cascading StyleSheet Wizard
Style sheets define a consistent look and feel
throughout a Web site.
-
Very important to a well-managed dynamic or static Web
site
Contents (Web pages) and design (the style sheet)
are maintained separately.
-
Facilitate separation of presentation from content
CSS files should be under the Web content folder of
the Web project.
-
Rational Application Developer creates a theme folder for
CSS files.
44. IBM AI - RAD
Editing CSS Files in the CSS Designer
CSS Designer
shows the
source of a style
sheet and helps
to edit styles by
using syntax
highlighting,
content assist,
and a preview
function.
Modifications
you make in
CSS Designer
are immediately
applied to the
Design page of
Page Designer.
45. IBM AI - RAD
Using the Links View
The Links view shows all links to and from a page.
It presents the number of links to target files and indicates
where documents have broken links or links to external files.
This view is good both to see the flow of a Web site and to
check the status of the links between resources.
46. IBM AI - RAD
Configuring Pages in the Deployment Descriptor
Welcome and Error page lists can be configured.
The Welcome page is selected if a user does not indicate
a particular page:
-
http://TheServer.com
Error pages are
displayed in
response to
specific HTTP
error codes
47. IBM AI - RAD
What is a Servlet ?
Servlets are programs that run on a web server and build
web pages dynamically
Servlets run on server to accept request and send back the
response
Servlets are Platform and Server independent
Servlets have access to the entire family of Java API’s
( JDBC, HTTP etc..)
“A Servlet is a Web component, managed by a
container, that generates dynamic content.
Servlets are small, platform-independent Java
classes compiled to an architecture-neutral
byte code that can be loaded dynamically into
and run by a Web server”
48. IBM AI - RAD
Steps to Create a New Servlet
In a dynamic Web project, to
create a new servlet:
-
Use the Create Servlet wizard.
1. In the Web perspective, select File > New >
Other.
2. Select Web > Servlet from the New wizard.
-
Use the Add servlet button in the Web
deployment descriptor.
1. Open Project Navigator > Web Application
> Web Deployment Descriptor.
2. Select the Servlets tab to reveal the Servlets
in the current Web project.
3. Click Add under the list of Servlets and
JSPs.
49. IBM AI - RAD
Create Servlet Wizard (1 of 3)
The first page of the Create Servlet
wizard specifies the class file
1
location and information.
2
1. Select
–
–
the Web Project.
Specify the location folder for the Java
source file.
Declare the package to which the new
servlet belongs.
–
Set the class name for the servlet.
–
Define the superclass for the servlet.
–
Select Use existing Servlet class to
reference an existing Java servlet class.
–
Select Generate an annotated servlet
class to use XDoclet tags in the new
servlet.
3
4
5
6
7
50. IBM AI - RAD
Create Servlet Wizard (2 of 3)
The second page of the
Create Servlet wizard
defines what packages and
classes to generate for the
servlet.
8
9
–
10
–
–
11
–
Define the servlet name and
description for the Web
deployment descriptor.
Add initialization parameters
name and values.
Add additional URL mappings
for the servlet.
Click Next to add method stubs,
or click Finish to create the
servlet class.
51. IBM AI - RAD
Create Servlet Wizard (3 of 3)
Set modifiers, interfaces to implement
and method stubs to create.
–
Configure the servlet class access
modifiers.
–
Implement additional interfaces in
the servlet class.
–
Select Constructors from
superclass check box to create
stubs for constructors defined in the
superclass.
–
Select the Inherited abstract
methods check box to create a stub
from abstract methods.
–
Create method stubs found in the
HTTP servlet class.
–
Click Finish to generate the servlet.
12
13
14
15
16
17
52. IBM AI - RAD
Servlets in the Web Project
Servlets appear in three locations
within the Web project:
1.
Deployment Descriptor
In the hierarchical view of the web.xml
file contents, the servlet appears under
the Servlets branch
1.
Java Resources
The JavaSource folder holds all Java
source files in the Web project, including
servlets
1.
1
2
WebContent
Stores compiled Java classes, including
servlets, in the WEB-INF/classes subfolder
Stores supporting JAR files in the WEBINF/lib sub-folder
3
53. IBM AI - RAD
Web Deployment Descriptor Servlet Settings
2
1
3
4
5
55. IBM AI - RAD
Servlet Filters in Web Applications
2
1
Filters
Web
Resource
Filters
Web
Resource
Web Application
Servlet filters allow you to intercept inbound and outbound
HTTP messages between the Web client and the Web
resource.
–
One or more filters can intercept and modify an incoming HTTP
request before it reaches the Web resource.
–
Filters can also run when one resource forwards or includes
another Web resource using the request dispatcher.
56. IBM AI - RAD
Steps to Create a New Filter
In a dynamic Web project, there
are two ways to create a new filter:
-
Use the Create Filter wizard.
a. In the Web perspective, select File > New
> Other.
b. Select Web > Filter from the New wizard.
-
Use the Add filter button in the Web
deployment descriptor tab.
a. From the Project Explorer view in the Web
perspective, open the Web Deployment
Descriptor.
b. Select the Filter tab to reveal the servlet
filters in the current Web project.
c. Click Add under the list of filters.
60. IBM AI - RAD
Life-Cycle Listeners in Web Applications
Servlet Request Listener
HTTP Session Listener
Web
Resource
Servlet Context Listener
Web Application
Web Container
Life-cycle listeners within your Web application monitor and respond
to changes from three scopes in the environment:
- Request
listeners are called when a request object is created, destroyed,
or modified.
- HTTP
session listeners are called when a session is created, destroyed, or
modified.
- Servlet
context listeners are called when the application scope (servlet
context) is created, destroyed, or modified.
61. IBM AI - RAD
Steps to Create a New Life-Cycle Listener
In a dynamic Web project, there are
two ways to create a new life-cycle
listener:
-
Use the Create Life-cycle Listener
wizard.
a.In the Web perspective, select File > New >
Other.
b.Select Web > Life-cycle Listener from the
New wizard.
-
Use the Add Listener button in the Web
deployment descriptor.
a.In the Project Navigator view, open the Web
Deployment Descriptor tab.
b.Select the Variables tab to reveal the servlet
filters in the current Web project.
c.Click Add under the list of Listeners.
62. IBM AI - RAD
Create Listener Wizard
The pages are similar to the
Create Servlet wizard, with the
following exceptions:
-
Neither initialization parameters nor
annotations are available for lifecycle listeners.
-
Listeners have no URL mappings.
-
The default superclass for filters is
java.lang.Object
By default, the listener
implements the listener
interfaces for requests, sessions,
and application scope events.
-
Keep only the interfaces needed by
the type of event being monitored.
63. IBM AI - RAD
Web Container Listeners Interfaces
Object
Event
Listener interface and event class
Servlet
Context
Initialization and
destruction
javax.servlet.ServletContextListener
Attribute added,
removed or
replaced
javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener
Creation,
invalidation,
activation,
passivation and
timeout
javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener
Attribute added,
removed or
replaced
javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener
Created and
destroyed
javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener
Attribute added,
removed or
replaced
javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeListener
HTTP
Session
Servlet
Request
javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent
javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent
javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionActivationListener
javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent
javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent
javax.servlet.ServletRequestEvent
javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeEvent
64. IBM AI - RAD
Life-Cycle Listener Settings Source Editor
65. IBM AI - RAD
WebSphere Extensions for Web Resources
File serving enabled specifies whether
the Web container should serve static
HTML and graphic images.
Directory browsing enabled allows Web
clients to view the contents of
WebContent.
Serve servlets by classname allows
clients to invoke a servlet through its
class name.
Automatic Request/Response
Encoding enabled sets the character set
and locale information in the HTTP
header.
Automatic Filter Loading enabled loads
all filters on Web container start up.
66. IBM AI - RAD
What Is Servlet Caching?
Servlet caching reduces processing
time for infrequently updated
information.
-
Servlet caching is an extension provided
by IBM® WebSphere® Application
Server.
Before you can enable servlet caching,
you must create a set of rules.
-
These rules decide whether the Web
container should retrieve a cached
value, or pass the request to a Web
resource for processing.
In the Extensions tab, click Add in the
Servlet Caching Configuration list.
67. IBM AI - RAD
What Is Struts?
An open-source framework for implementing Web applications
based on Java and J2EE
The framework was originally developed by C. McClanahan
-
Technical lead for the Servlet and JSP reference implementation at Sun
Microsystems
Rational Application Developer V7 supports Struts 1.1
Struts 2.0.9 was released in July 2007
-
Struts 2 was originally known as WebWork 2.
-
The WebWork and Struts communities joined forces to create Struts 2.
-
Key features include:
AJAX support
Spring integration
POJO Forms and POJO Actions
-
Requires Servlet API 2.4, JSP 2.0, and Java 5 or later .
68. IBM AI - RAD
Struts is an MVC Framework
The Struts architecture encourages the implementation of the
concepts of the model-view-controller (MVC) architecture
pattern.
The Struts framework is only concerned with the ViewController part of MVC.
Struts framework
request
Controller
Model
Configuration
files
(XML)
response
View
Data
Store
69. IBM AI - RAD
Extensions to the Basic Struts Framework
Tiles
-
Build Web pages from several discrete fragments
Similar to portlets
-
Each fragment can be reused where needed throughout
applications
Validation
-
The Struts Validator plug-in provides a large number of basic
validation rules that can be used with Struts. For example:
minlength (maxlength): Check that input data is not less than
(greater than) a specified length
mask: Validate format according to a regular expression
double: Verify that a field can be converted to a Double
70. IBM AI - RAD
Creating Struts Components Using Wizards
-
The Struts framework provides a default ActionServlet and
RequestProcessor that can be used in most cases
Developers can subclass RequestProcessor and override the methods
to create a custom RequestProcessor
ActionServlet
strutsconfig.xml
Action
RequestProcessor
Beans
ActionForm
Resource
Bundle
JSP
Persistence
Tiles
71. IBM AI - RAD
A Struts-Enabled Project
A dynamic Web project can be Struts-enabled:
-
At creation time
-
Through the properties dialog
72. IBM AI - RAD
Creating Struts Modules
A Struts project can be divided into modules
-
A Struts Module consists of a configuration file and a set of
corresponding actions, form beans, and Web pages.
Each module has its own configuration file
-
This allows multiple users to work on the same project
simultaneously, without the risk of overwriting the
configurations.
A default module is created with the Struts project
-
The configuration file is called struts-config.xml.
73. IBM AI - RAD
Associating Struts Modules with a Project
A module’s configuration
file is associated with a
project in the project
deployment descriptor
(web.xml)
The first module created in
a Struts-based Web
application has no module
name and is the default
module
-
The default module has one or
more configuration files.
Each additional module has a
name and exactly one
configuration file.
<init-param>
<param-name>config</paramname>
<param-value>
/WEB-INF/strutsconfig.xml
</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>
config/NewModule
</param-name>
<param-value>
/WEB-INF/strutsNewModule.xml
</param-value>
</init-param>
74. IBM AI - RAD
Mapping Struts Applications with Web Diagrams
75. IBM AI - RAD
Examining Struts Resources
Resources can be
examined in the Project
Explorer
76. IBM AI - RAD
Examining the Struts Configuration File
There may be several configuration files
-
The default module may have several
-
There may be several modules, each with a configuration file
The files are contained in the WebContent/WEB-INF folder
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>config/Account</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-Account.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>config/Customer</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-Customer.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
77. IBM AI - RAD
A Closer Look at the <action-mappings> Tag
<action-mappings> 1
2
<action name="loginForm" path="/login" scope="request"
3
type="com.ibm.mybankweb.actions.LoginAction"
4 input="/index.jsp">
5 <forward name="failure" path="/error.jsp"></forward>
6
<forward name="success" path="/home.jsp"></forward>
</action>
</action-mappings>
2
…/login.do
LoginForm
1
ActionErrors validate(args)
Validation OK? NO | YES
3
4
index.jsp
home.jsp
error.jsp
6
LoginAction
5
78. IBM AI - RAD
What Is JavaServer Faces Technology?
JavaServer Faces (JSF) technology is a user interface
framework for developing Web-based applications:
-
Provides a rich library of user interface (UI) components
-
Abstracts request processing in an event-driven model
-
Contains declarative rules to define the Web application page flow
-
Helps you manage session data by initializing, persisting, and cleaning up
model data objects
-
Allows binding of reusable data validators to UI components
-
Supports internationalization through locale-specific text, number,
currency, time, and date formatting
A JSF application is a Web application, as defined in the J2EE
specification
WebSphere Application Server v6.1 and later supports JSF 1.1
79. IBM AI - RAD
Parts of a JSF Application
Faces Servlet
Faces Configuration File
Managed Beans
JSF Libraries/Tags
Web Client
Component Tree
Validators
Events
Faces JSP File
JSF Web Application
J2EE Enterprise Application
IBM WebSphere Application Server
80. IBM AI - RAD
JSF Development Steps
1.Create a Dynamic Web Project with JSF support
2.Create a Faces JSP File
3.Add data components to your Faces JSP file using the Page Data
view
4.Add JSF user interface components to the page to collect and
display data
5.Configure the properties for each JSF UI component using the
Properties view
6.Specify navigation rules driven by result from event handler code
7.Add event handler code to react to user interface events
8.Test and Debug the JSF application using the WebSphere Test
Environment
81. IBM AI - RAD
Create a Dynamic Web Project
Switch to the Web
perspective
Select File > New >
Dynamic Web Project
-
-
Enter a Project name
Select Faces Project in the
Configurations list
Click Finish
82. IBM AI - RAD
Create a Faces JSP File
1.Right-click the Web project and
select New > Web Page
- Once
the Faces facet is added to the
project, new Web pages will use
Faces technology
2.Specify a File Name and Folder
3.Click Options for more settings
83. IBM AI - RAD
Add Data Components to the Page Data View
Types of Page Data objects:
- Scripting Variables
Variables available to JSP file
- PageBean
Local bean that can be bound to
data fields
- Faces Managed Beans
A bean that is available to all Faces
pages
- Relational Record and Record List
Displays a record or a list of records
from a relational database
- Domino
Domino Note, View
- Service
EJB Session bean, SDO, Web
Service
84. IBM AI - RAD
Bind Page Data to Faces Components
Create a value binding between a Page Data object
and a Faces component to display or modify its value
1. Add
a Faces component to the JSP file
2. Select a data object from the Page Data view
3. Select the Faces component to bind the data object with the
Faces component
85. IBM AI - RAD
Add UI Components to a Faces JSF File
2
1
3
4
5
86. IBM AI - RAD
Standard Faces Components
Data Table displays and manipulates data in a
dynamic table
Command - Button runs an action
Link adds a simple hyperlink
Input creates a form input field
Input - Text Area creates a multi-line form input field
Input - Password creates a form input field that hides
the input
Check Box and Check Box group
Radio Button Group
Combo Box
List Box – single and multiple select
Output displays text or a value from a Java bean
Output - Formatted Text displays a set of
concatenated values
Image displays an image
Label displays an accessibility label
Display Error shows an error message
Display Errors shows all error messages in the page
87. IBM AI - RAD
Enhanced Faces Components
Data tree displays data in a hierarchy
Panel – Group Box groups components
Panel – Form Box organizes components in
label and field pairs
Panel – Dialog behaves like a model or
modeless dialog
Panels – Tabbed organizes panels in tabs
Link – Request passes an action via the URL
Form Item – inserts a label / field pair for a form
Select – Color selects a color with a combo box
Select – Calendar displays a selectable
calendar
File Upload, Chart, Progress Bar
Media Player inserts different players
88. IBM AI - RAD
Map JSF Components in Web Diagrams
Use the Web Diagram to visually design Faces JSF
files, Faces Actions, and navigation rules
Web Diagram can reverse-engineer individual pages
or the entire project
Use the palette to create new Web projects, Web
pages, and actions
-
Then create connections between them
89. IBM AI - RAD
Code Event Handlers in the Quick Edit View
The Quick Edit view allows you to code the client-side and
server-side event logic for JSF components
To modify the event logic for a JSF component:
1.
Select the JSF component in the Page Designer
2.
Locate the Quick Edit view, and select the type of event you will handle
3.
Enter JavaScript code for client-side events, and Java code for server-side
events
90. IBM AI - RAD
JSF Application Organization and Artifacts
1
2
3
4
5
91. IBM AI - RAD
Multiple Faces-config Files
Artifacts can be organized into multiple configuration files
Individual artifact types can be organized into a folder hierarchy
92. IBM AI - RAD
JSF Pages and the Page Code Class
Each Faces JSP file that you create usually has a
corresponding file that contains its Java page code
-
You can create Page code classes in Java Resources JavaSource
pagecode
Server-side event logic added to a JSF component in the Quick
Edit view is added to the page code class
-
Page code event logic can be modified from this view later
Page Code
Class
Faces JSP
File
Events
beans
JSF Web Application
Persistence
93. IBM AI - RAD
Page Code Class Suppression
To suppress page code generation
-
-
Before you create a Web page, select Windows >
Preferences > Web Tools > Faces from the main menu
Select the Suppress Page Code file generation
New Web pages will no longer have an associated page code
class
A page code is required to support
-
A relational record
A relational record list
If page code is suppressed, Quick Edit will no longer
have a Command entry for a Command button
94. IBM AI - RAD
Checkpoint
1.Describe two of the views of the Web perspective.
2.What is the principal difference between a static and
a dynamic Web project?
3.What is a context root?
4.Name two of the project facets that you can add
when you create a new Web project.
5.What is a validator?
6.What folders are contained in the WebContent
folder?
95. IBM AI - RAD
Checkpoint answers
1.See page 3, students notes.
2.A static Web project contains only static Web content. A
dynamic Web project contains resources needed for Web
applications, such as JSPs and Java Servlets.
3.A context root is the default relative path to the Web content
from the server root when a Web project is published.
4.Base JSF Faces support, Tiles 1.1 support, Struts support,
Web diagram, JSP Tag libraries, Crystal reports.
5.A program that checks data or code for correctness or for
compliance with applicable standards, rules, and conventions.
6.META-INF, theme, WEB-INF, and any folders defined in the
project
96. IBM AI - RAD
Checkpoint
1.In the Web Site Designer, how do you specify a set
of links that have no relation to each other but
appear on multiple pages?
2.The Pages to Add drawer lists all Web pages in the
Web project that have not been added to the Web
Site Navigation. Where is this list located?
3.What is the best practice for adding Web Site
Navigation elements into a Web site?
4.What is an external link in the Web Site Designer?
97. IBM AI - RAD
Checkpoint answers
1.Right-click the Web page icons and Group them.
2.The Pages to Add drawer is located on the left edge
of the Web Site Designer editor in the Navigation
tab.
3.The best practice is to add the navigation links to
the templates that the pages implement.
4.An external link is a hyperlink to a Web resource
outside of the Web project.
98. IBM AI - RAD
Checkpoint
1.In general, what are two ways to invoke the wizard
to create a servlet, a filter, or a life-cycle listener?
2.How do you ensure that the workbench does not
overwrite your custom Web deployment descriptor
settings with annotations within the Java source?
3.Regarding URL mappings and servlet mappings:
a)What is the difference between the two types of mappings?
b)When you create a new filter, where can you set a URL
mapping or a servlet mapping?
99. IBM AI - RAD
Checkpoint answers
1.The two ways to invoke any new Web resource wizard is to use the New
wizard dialog by selecting File New Other, or clicking add in the
respective section in the Web deployment descriptor.
2.To prevent the workbench from overwriting the Web deployment descriptor
settings with annotations in the servlet class, add the @annotationsdisabled tagset=”web” tag to the servlet class. The workbench will ask
whether you want to have the tag inserted into the servlet class if you
modify the settings in the Web deployment descriptor editor.
3.Regarding URL mappings and servlet mapping in filters:
a.URL mappings checks using a text comparison whether the incoming HTTP
request triggers a filter. Servlet mappings links the name of a servlet to a filter.
Using servlet mappings ensures that the container invokes the filter, even if the
URL mapping for the servlet changes. Using URL mappings allows you to map the
filter to more than one servlet per entry.
b.You can add an URL mapping in the Create Filter wizard or in the Filters tab in the
Web deployment descriptor editor. However, you can only add a servlet mapping
through the Web deployment descriptor editor.
100. IBM AI - RAD
Checkpoint
1.What is Struts?
2.Struts is involved in which parts of the MVC architecture?
3.Name an extension to the Struts framework.
4.Which are the controller components in Struts?
5.How many configuration files are there in a Struts project?
6.Which versions of Struts are supported by Rational
Application Developer?
7.In the following code, what is the purpose of the input
attribute?
<action name="loginForm" path="/login"
scope="request"
type="com.ibm.LoginAction"
input="/welcome.jsp">
101. IBM AI - RAD
Checkpoint answers
1.Struts is an open-source framework for implementing Web applications
based on Java and J2EE.
2.The Struts framework is only concerned with the View-Controller part of
MVC.
3.Tiles and Validation.
4.Controller layer is implemented using:
-
ActionServlet
Struts configuration file (struts-config.xml)
RequestProcessor
Action classes
ActionForward classes
5.Depends upon the number of modules. If you have only one module, then
there is only configuration file struts-config.xml
6.Struts 1.1
7.The page that will be returned to the browser if validation fails in the
ActionForm.
102. IBM AI - RAD
Checkpoint
1.How does the Page Data view help you develop
your Faces JSP file?
2.Which JSF component allows you to prompt the
user about an invalid username field in a login page?
3.Without manually editing the Faces configuration
file, how can you add new navigation rules to your
JSF application?
4.What is the purpose of using the Quick Edit view on
JSF UI components?
103. IBM AI - RAD
Checkpoint answers
1. The Page Data view displays the data components with which your
Faces JSP file interacts. In normal JSP pages, you must manually add a
bean into a request, session, page, or application scope. The name and
type of the object does not appear in the Page designer or any of its
views. With JSF technology, the Page Data view displays objects
managed by the framework in one of the available scopes. The Page
designer also understands any object dragged from the Page Data view
into the Page designer.
2. The Display Error JSF UI Component is best suited to return a single
error message about an invalid username in a Faces JSF login page.
The Display Errors component is designed to return multiple errors.
3. You can add JavaServer Faces navigation rules by visually drawing them
out in a Web diagram.
4. Developers would use the Quick Edit view to implement the event
handling code behind a JSF UI component event, such as a mouse click.
104. IBM AI - RAD
Lab
Create Static Web Project
HTML/XHTML Editor
Quick Edit & Properties
Create Dynamic Web Project
Website Navigation / Web Diagram
Deployment Descriptor
JSP Editor
Create Servlet
Struts
Java Server Faces
JSF Components
105. IBM AI - RAD
Grazie
Hebrew
Italian
Gracias
Russian
Spanish
Arabic
Thank You
Merci
French
German
English
Thai
Korean
Japanese
Portuguese
Danke
Traditional Chinese
Simplified Chinese
Obrigado
Editor's Notes
Main Point: IBM is continuing to evolve and enhance the value that we bring to companies by building on the SOA announcements we made last fall…today we are going to talk to you about how a Business Centric Perspective to SOA is necessary to drive innovation that matters*
As you know, SOA is one of IBM’s long term strategies to enable innovation that matters. IBM will continue to deliver SOA centric offerings. But we also want you to know that IBM’s view of SOA is business centric. and we’ll talk about this important concept. Further, we’ll discuss ways to get started through existing parts of your business (people process, information). Additionally, we’ll show how reuse and connectivity is critical to support the business centric approach. We’ll then give you detail on how the specific entry points are accelerated by SOA Foundation products and the business insight these products provide.
Lastly, we’ll discuss an important part of the story called SOA Governance to ensure we’re aligning the business with IT.
Notes:
You could drag an empty text file into a legitimate point in the project structure, give it the extension you want (for example, .jsp), and work with it. However, the wizards fill the file with the basic structure of the resource type for you.
Instructor notes:
Purpose --
Details --
Additional information -- Point out that it is best to right-click the folder where you want the resource to be created and select New, because this will (1) ensure that the resource you want to create can be added to this folder, and (2) limit the options to relevant resources.
Transition statement -- We shall look at two wizards, HTML and JSP; first the simpler HTML page wizard.
Notes:
Configurations group together a collection of facets. Facets add functionality to your projects (for example, project builders, style sheets, and included JAR files).
Note the Dynamic Web Project with XDoclet configuration choice. XDoclet allows you to embed tags directly in your source code to generate extra code.
For example, you can use the @web.servlet tag to indicate the deployment information for a servlet. The tags are then used to add deployment information to web.xml.
This course will use the standard builders from Rational Application Developer V7.0 and later and not the XDoclet technology.
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information —
Transition statement — Next: Create Web Project Wizard (2 of 3)
Notes:
Project facets allow you to add and remove functionality from a project. In this case, the project can be deployed as an EAR to an IBM® WebSphere® Application Server v6.1. You can select a facet to display a description. You can right-click a facet and Show Constraints to show the other facets that it depends on. You can also click on Show Runtimes to display the available runtimes.
You can add and remove project facets using the Properties dialog of a project.
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information —
Transition statement — Next: Create Web Project Wizard (3 of 3)
Notes:
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information —
Transition statement — Next: Create Servlet Wizard (1 of 3)
Instructor notes: While designing a web site or web application, you start to see common layout elements in different pages. Templates allow you to capture these common elements. Also the front end is what clients see, thus there is a lot of churn and updates required. Changing the template updates the pages.
Purpose --
Details --
Additional information --
Transition statement --
Perform these steps to create a template that extends a root template:
Create a root template.
Create a JSP that implements the root template.
Select the JSP in Page Designer and click File > Page Template > Register as Dynamic Page.
Instructor notes: Template inheritance captures even more shared elements in between pages. Updates to the parent template will update the child, again reducing maintenance issues.
Purpose --
Details --
Additional information --
Transition statement --
Notes:
HTML Frameset : An HTML document that describes frame layout (called a frameset document ). It has a <HEAD> section and a <FRAMESET> section (no <BODY>).
Compact HTML : A derivative of HTML used for mobile devices.
XHTML : A reformulation of HTML 4.0 as an application of XML.
WML : A markup language based on XML that is used to present content and user interfaces for wireless devices such as cellular phones, pagers, and personal digital assistants.
Instructor notes:
Purpose --
Details --
Additional information -- If you have not checked `Create from page template` the advanced options available are:
Encoding: The default (ISO Latin-1) is the value set in Window -> Preferences-> Web and XML Files -> HTML Files.
Content Type: The default is text/html.
Document Type: HTML 4.01 Transitional (the default) or Strict (which excludes the presentation attributes and elements).
Cascading stylesheet (CSS) file: Remove the default Master.css, or add other CSS files.
Transition statement -- Next: The JSP Wizard
Notes:
The choice of markup languages is the same as for HTML pages.
The XML-style syntax box is enabled if the markup language is XHTML or WML.
Enabling a Struts JSP will add tag libraries (struts-html and struts-bean) to the source code. It will also replace the basic <HTML> tag with an <html:html> tag.
Enabling a Faces JSP will add the Sun Faces core tag library to the source code. It will add a <f:html> tag enclosing the HTML <body> tag.
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information — Advanced options are more complex for JSPs:
Tag libraries: Add libraries.
The next page has the identical options as the HTML wizard.
Method stubs: Create init() or destroy90 methods. Also you can choose to add the file to web.xml, which will add the JSP name to the servlets list.
Transition statement — Next: JSP Page Syntax and Document Syntax
Notes:
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information —
Transition statement — Next: The Use of the Design, Source and Preview tabs
Notes:
There are typically 7 drawers: HTML, Form, JSP, Crystal Reports, Page Template, Data, and Web Site Navigation. Most of the selections are also available from the Insert menu or the JSP menu. Other drawers may be available for Struts tags
In the example, an Image is being dragged to the middle of the JSP.
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information —
Transition statement — Next: Inserting JSP Custom Tags
Notes:
An element such as Background music, for example, is not rendered in design mode.
The music file (.mp3, .wav, and so on) is added to the project. This can increase the project size enormously, especially with .wav files.
If you add several music files to the background, they execute simultaneously.
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information —
Transition statement — The Insert menu includes items that might be necessary in any HTML page. In a JavaServer page, there are other options that are available in the JSP menu.
Notes:
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information — Underline the first bullet on this page: this menu is not available if the file in the active editor is not JSP.
Transition statement — The options we have just seen in the menus are also available in the drawers of the palette view.
Notes:
The Insert Custom menu item launches the Insert Custom Tag dialog. It shows all custom tags available to that page (ones included via taglib directives).
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information — Note that if you try to insert by dragging from the palette view, any tag libraries you Add... will only be available if you close the dialog and reopen it...
Transition statement — Next: Modifying Tag properties in the Properties view.
Notes:
The tabular view shows all attributes of the selected resource. The graphic view shows only a few properties.
The grey bar at the left shows how the selected resource fits into the tree. The <B> tag has been selected (bold text). The text is in a data cell, which is part of a row which is itself part of a table. Furthermore, the table is part of a form, all of which has been created in the <BODY> of the page. The properties displayed will change according to which resource is selected, and clicking a label in the grey bar will change the selection in the design or source view.
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information —
Transition statement — Next: Adding Variables to the Page Data View
Notes:
The image shows the available context pop-up menu for Use Bean.
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information —
Transition statement — Next: Editing JavaScript in the Quick Edit View
Notes:
Select a tag in a JSP or HTML file, select an event in the Quick Edit event list pane, right-click the Quick Edit editor and select a script.
Here is a simple example: onmouseover > Jump to the specified URL:
Inserted at the point the mouse will roll over (a table data cell in this instance):
<TD onmouseover="return func_1(this, event);">
Inserted into the <HEAD>:
<SCRIPT type="text/javascript">
function func_1(thisObj, thisEvent) {
_JumpURLinNewWindow("http://MyServer/MyFile");
}</SCRIPT>
<SCRIPT type="text/javascript">
function _JumpURLinNewWindow(url)
{
if (url != "")
{
window.open(url, '_blank');
}
}
</SCRIPT>
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details — The nice thing about the Quick Edit view is that you can add scripts that are accurately coded even when you don’t remember (or never knew) the syntax. The code given in the student notes is a good example. You should run through the code in Rational Application Developer before presenting this unit, then give a live demonstration of the changing image.
Expand on the idea to swap two images when the mouse moves into and out of a table data cell.
Additional information —
Transition statement — Next: The Cascading StyleSheet Wizard
Notes:
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information —
Transition statement — Next: Editing CSS Files in the CSS Designer
Notes:
Any change you make in the code to the right is reflected visually in the left pane. Here, the color of the font has been set to 66-00-00 and the family to Arial. Both of these changes are previewed in “Style of H1” to the left. Any open file that uses this CSS will also pick up the changes. A line is being inserted using content assist, showing all the possible choices to complete the word font.
Note that if there is more than one stylesheet referenced in the JSP or HTML code, their style definitions is combined. If there is a conflict, it is the last-referenced stylesheet that will be applied.
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information —
Transition statement — Next: Defining Styles Using the Styles View
Notes:
The file template.jtpl has focus. Files to the left are making reference to this file. Files to the right are referenced by template.jtpl.
Link to a file outside the Web content folder.
There are two references to this gif in template.jtpl
The validity of the link cannot be verified.
The file referenced by template.jtpl itself references other files. Clicking the ‘-' collapses this part of the tree.
Right-clicking a file and selecting the item “Become new center' moves focus from template.jtpl to this file (template will now be a file to the left which references the new file).
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information —
[TODO: The following content could not be copied correctly to PPT, since it contains screen captures of the icons]
Other icons:
A link is to a cascading stylesheet:
A link is to a graphic. Links to graphics are sometimes referred to as an embedded links because they are rendered as part of the same HTTP request (appear on the same page):
A link is one of a number of industry standard link types:
A link is to a mailing address:
A link to file types that are not recognized:
Transition statement — Next: Configuring Pages in the Deployment Descriptor
Notes:
By default, Rational Application Developer generates a list of six default Welcome pages. You can remove any or all of them, and add any other.
Clicking Add for Error Pages brings up a list of standard error codes (100 through 505).
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information — The pages are not created simply by listing them here. This is an error that many students make! It should be explained clearly that the developer first needs to create any page that is required, then link the page to a specific scenario (welcome or error).
Transition statement — Next: Checkpoint Questions
Notes:
Standard components have been removed from the palette in the above image
Notes:
Write down your answers here:
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information —
Transition statement —
Notes:
Write down your answers here:
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information —
Transition statement —
Notes:
Write down your answers here:
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information —
Transition statement —
Notes:
Write down your answers here:
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information —
Transition statement —
Notes:
What is Struts?
Struts is involved in which parts of the MVC architecture?
Name an extension to the Struts framework.
Which are the controller components in Struts?
How many configuration files are there in a Struts project?
Which versions of Struts are supported by Rational Application Developer?
In the following code, what is the purpose of the input attribute?
<action name="loginForm" path="/login"
scope="request"
type="com.ibm.LoginAction"
input="/welcome.jsp">
http://struts.apache.org/1.x/struts-core/dtddoc/struts-config_1_0.dtd.html#action
Notes:
Write down your answers here:
Instructor notes:
Purpose —
Details —
Additional information —
Transition statement —
RUP
Rational Unified Process, Developer Tab, Designer > Concepts > J2EE to RUP Mapping
Rational Unified Process, Developer Tab, Designer > Enterprise JavaBean (EJB) Design > Guidelines > Designing Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs)
Web Resources
http://www-130.ibm.com/developerworks/
http://w3.ams1.ibm.com/services/ams/competency/ams/tools_support/rational/learn_about/ams_rational_advanced_learning.html
EJB Best Practices: Entity Bean Protection: http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-ejb1008.html
Literature
Enterprise Java Programming with IBM® WebSphere®, Second Edition By Kyle Brown, Gary Craig, Greg Hester, Russell Stinehour, W. David Pitt, Mark Weitzel, Jim Amsden, Peter M. Jakab, Daniel Berg
Additional Courses
Introduction to Web Services - http://w3-3.ibm.com/education/CourseDescriptionServlet.wss?city=&state=&countrycode=&coursecode=XM371&courseDescrLanguageId=1
WebSphere Training and Technical enablement: http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/websphere/education/enablement/curriculum/cur_webtoolside.html