Slide presentation World Dyslexia Forum 2010 'Understanding Chinese Developmental Dyslexia...' By Professor Alice Lai
For all films: http://di-videos.org/player/worlddyslexiaforum/2010/#/lg/EN/
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Abstract A usage of regular expressions to search text is well known and understood as a useful technique. Regular Expressions are generic representations for a string or a collection of strings. Regular expressions (regexps) are one of the most useful tools in computer science. NLP, as an area of computer science, has greatly benefitted from regexps: they are used in phonology, morphology, text analysis, information extraction, & speech recognition. This paper helps a reader to give a general review on usage of regular expressions illustrated with examples from natural language processing. In addition, there is a discussion on different approaches of regular expression in NLP. Keywords— Regular Expression, Natural Language Processing, Tokenization, Longest common subsequence alignment, POS tagging
----------------------------
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Abstract A usage of regular expressions to search text is well known and understood as a useful technique. Regular Expressions are generic representations for a string or a collection of strings. Regular expressions (regexps) are one of the most useful tools in computer science. NLP, as an area of computer science, has greatly benefitted from regexps: they are used in phonology, morphology, text analysis, information extraction, & speech recognition. This paper helps a reader to give a general review on usage of regular expressions illustrated with examples from natural language processing. In addition, there is a discussion on different approaches of regular expression in NLP. Keywords— Regular Expression, Natural Language Processing, Tokenization, Longest common subsequence alignment, POS tagging
----------------------------
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Kannada Phonemes to Speech Dictionary: Statistical ApproachIJERA Editor
The input or output of a natural Language processing system can be either written text or speech. To process written text we need to analyze: lexical, syntactic, semantic knowledge about the language, discourse information, real world knowledge to process spoken language, we need to analyze everything required to process written text, along with the challenges of speech recognition and speech synthesis. This paper describes how articulatory phonetics of Kannada is used to generate the phoneme to speech dictionary for Kannada; the statistical computational approach is used to map the elements which are taken from input query or documents. The articulatory phonetics is the place of articulation of a consonant. It is the point of contact where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an articulatory gesture, an active articulator, typically some part of the tongue, and a passive location, typically some part of the roof of the mouth. Along with the manner of articulation and the phonation, this gives the consonant its distinctive sound. The results are presented for the same.
Comparative study of Text-to-Speech Synthesis for Indian Languages by using S...ravi sharma
This paper explores syllable approach to building language independent text to speech systems for Indian Languages. The use of common phone set, common question set and borrowing context-independent monophone models along with syllable approach across languages makes the procedure easier and less time-consuming, without compromising the synthesized speech quality. Systems can be built without even knowing the language. This is especially quite beneficial in the Indian scenario.
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission:
To provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovation”.
Vision:
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customer's aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
Our Achievements:
NATIONAL AWARD FOR BEST RESEARCH PROJECT (By Hon. President APJ Abdul Kalam)
GOLD MEDAL FOR RESEARCH ON DISABILITY (By Disabled’s Club of India)
NOMINATED FOR BEST MSME AWARDS 2017
5 STAR RATING ON GOOGLE
We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world.
Subjects/Areas We Cover:
Management, Commerce, Finance, Marketing, Psychology, Education, Sociology, Mass communications, English Literature, English Language, Law, History, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Pharmacy & Healthcare.
Multisets are very powerful and yet simple control mechanisms in regulated rewriting systems. In this paper, we review back the main results on the generative power of multiset controlled grammars introduced in recent research. It was proven that multiset controlled grammars are at least as powerful as additive valence grammars and at most as powerful as matrix grammars. In this paper, we mainly investigate the closure properties of multiset controlled grammars. We show that the family of languages generated by multiset controlled grammars is closed under operations union, concatenation, kleene-star, homomorphism and mirror image.
Qualities of a good essay: an assessment of the writings of Nigerian undergra...SubmissionResearchpa
This research sought to discover the capabilities of Nigerian undergraduates in handling the salient characteristics of essay in English. Such qualities as clarity, economy, simplicity, unity and coherence were the variables in the assessment. The study was conducted within the framework of the theory of descriptive linguistics and its sub-discipline of stylistics. Four topics representing argumentative, descriptive, expository and narrative essays were given to students for each of them to voluntarily choose one and write on in a strictly supervised writing test. All the essays were marked on the above stated variables. Critical case sampling strand of the purposive sampling was used to select four outstanding essays each representing one of the four departments of the Akwa Ibom State University of Nigeria. Paragraph and sentence formed some of the units of analysis. It was found out that the four subjects whose essays were analyzed proved their mettle in producing readable and creative prose in the four genres with some room for improvement. It is suggested that the Use of English programme in Nigerian universities should be extended from one to two years in addition to regular practice in writing by students and feedback from lecturers. by Usoro Mark Okono 2020. Qualities of a good essay: an assessment of the writings of Nigerian undergraduates. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 7 (Jul. 2020), 82-88. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i7.498. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/498/479 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/498
GSCL2013.A Study of Chinese Word Segmentation Based on the Characteristics of...Lifeng (Aaron) Han
Language Processing and Knowledge in the Web - Proceedings of the International Conference of the German Society for Computational Linguistics and Language Technology, (GSCL 2013), Darmstadt, Germany, on September 25–27, 2013. LNCS Vol. 8105, Volume Editors: Iryna Gurevych, Chris Biemann and Torsten Zesch. (EI)
This presentation briefs out the approach of dementia assessment in line with consideration of recent advances. Now the pattern of assessment has evolved towards examining each individual domain rather than lobar assessment.
Kannada Phonemes to Speech Dictionary: Statistical ApproachIJERA Editor
The input or output of a natural Language processing system can be either written text or speech. To process written text we need to analyze: lexical, syntactic, semantic knowledge about the language, discourse information, real world knowledge to process spoken language, we need to analyze everything required to process written text, along with the challenges of speech recognition and speech synthesis. This paper describes how articulatory phonetics of Kannada is used to generate the phoneme to speech dictionary for Kannada; the statistical computational approach is used to map the elements which are taken from input query or documents. The articulatory phonetics is the place of articulation of a consonant. It is the point of contact where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an articulatory gesture, an active articulator, typically some part of the tongue, and a passive location, typically some part of the roof of the mouth. Along with the manner of articulation and the phonation, this gives the consonant its distinctive sound. The results are presented for the same.
Comparative study of Text-to-Speech Synthesis for Indian Languages by using S...ravi sharma
This paper explores syllable approach to building language independent text to speech systems for Indian Languages. The use of common phone set, common question set and borrowing context-independent monophone models along with syllable approach across languages makes the procedure easier and less time-consuming, without compromising the synthesized speech quality. Systems can be built without even knowing the language. This is especially quite beneficial in the Indian scenario.
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission:
To provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovation”.
Vision:
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customer's aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
Our Achievements:
NATIONAL AWARD FOR BEST RESEARCH PROJECT (By Hon. President APJ Abdul Kalam)
GOLD MEDAL FOR RESEARCH ON DISABILITY (By Disabled’s Club of India)
NOMINATED FOR BEST MSME AWARDS 2017
5 STAR RATING ON GOOGLE
We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world.
Subjects/Areas We Cover:
Management, Commerce, Finance, Marketing, Psychology, Education, Sociology, Mass communications, English Literature, English Language, Law, History, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Pharmacy & Healthcare.
Multisets are very powerful and yet simple control mechanisms in regulated rewriting systems. In this paper, we review back the main results on the generative power of multiset controlled grammars introduced in recent research. It was proven that multiset controlled grammars are at least as powerful as additive valence grammars and at most as powerful as matrix grammars. In this paper, we mainly investigate the closure properties of multiset controlled grammars. We show that the family of languages generated by multiset controlled grammars is closed under operations union, concatenation, kleene-star, homomorphism and mirror image.
Qualities of a good essay: an assessment of the writings of Nigerian undergra...SubmissionResearchpa
This research sought to discover the capabilities of Nigerian undergraduates in handling the salient characteristics of essay in English. Such qualities as clarity, economy, simplicity, unity and coherence were the variables in the assessment. The study was conducted within the framework of the theory of descriptive linguistics and its sub-discipline of stylistics. Four topics representing argumentative, descriptive, expository and narrative essays were given to students for each of them to voluntarily choose one and write on in a strictly supervised writing test. All the essays were marked on the above stated variables. Critical case sampling strand of the purposive sampling was used to select four outstanding essays each representing one of the four departments of the Akwa Ibom State University of Nigeria. Paragraph and sentence formed some of the units of analysis. It was found out that the four subjects whose essays were analyzed proved their mettle in producing readable and creative prose in the four genres with some room for improvement. It is suggested that the Use of English programme in Nigerian universities should be extended from one to two years in addition to regular practice in writing by students and feedback from lecturers. by Usoro Mark Okono 2020. Qualities of a good essay: an assessment of the writings of Nigerian undergraduates. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 7 (Jul. 2020), 82-88. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i7.498. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/498/479 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/498
GSCL2013.A Study of Chinese Word Segmentation Based on the Characteristics of...Lifeng (Aaron) Han
Language Processing and Knowledge in the Web - Proceedings of the International Conference of the German Society for Computational Linguistics and Language Technology, (GSCL 2013), Darmstadt, Germany, on September 25–27, 2013. LNCS Vol. 8105, Volume Editors: Iryna Gurevych, Chris Biemann and Torsten Zesch. (EI)
This presentation briefs out the approach of dementia assessment in line with consideration of recent advances. Now the pattern of assessment has evolved towards examining each individual domain rather than lobar assessment.
Psychology of Language 5th Edition Carroll Test BankKiayadare
Full download : http://alibabadownload.com/product/psychology-of-language-5th-edition-carroll-test-bank/ Psychology of Language 5th Edition Carroll Test Bank
Teaching alphabetics and fluency in readingMarcia Luptak
This is a presentation I made through CETL at Elgin Community College in the spring of 2011. It deals with teaching alphabetics and fluency to intermediate reading students.
Drosophila Three-Point Test Cross Lab Write-Up Instructions.docxharold7fisher61282
Drosophila
Three-Point Test
C
ross Lab Write-
Up Instructions
(
65
points)
Abstract (5 points)
In a short paragraph describe the experiment that was done as well as the major findings. Clarity is essential. The
a
bstract is usually written last and is limited to 200 words.
Introduction
(14
points)
Provide ALL background information a reader would need to understand the
purpose, results and analysis of the
experiment. Must include:
1.
W
hy i
t
i
s
important to know the location
s
of gene
s
in the genome.
2.
A description a crossing-over during meiosis, linkage, recombination frequency (RF),
and how
RF
relate
s
to map units
?
How does RF change for
closely
linked
versus
distantly linked and unlinked
,
genes?
3.
W
hy is it advantage
ous
to map
three (or more)
genes at on
c
e instead of mappin
g each pair of genes separately
4.
T
he benefits
of
Drosophila
for genetic analyses
5.
T
he
hypotheses for this experiment
•
RF measured in lab will be similar to the expected RF based on known map distances.
•
Reciprocal classes will occur and survive in equal numbers.
•
Interference will be a positive value
.
Methods
(1
4
points)
This section should provide enough information so that the reader could carry out the experiment independently.
1.
Explain the experimental strategy: P, F
1
and F
2
. Describe all genotypes and expected phenotypes.
2.
Describe the different traits that were
scored
.
3.
Why was it unnecessary to determine the sex of the F
2
?
4.
Describe calculations for RF, map units, and Interference.
5.
Describe the Chi-Square tests that were done and the highest acceptable Chi-Square value for a
corresponding
p value of 0.05
or lower
for relevant degrees of freedom used in your different
Chi-Square tests. (Measured vs. published map distances; reciprocal classes)
Results
(14
points)
In this section, the data are shown in tables
AND
explained in coherent paragraphs.
1.
Produce
a table
with the
counts
of each
F
2
phenoty
pe for:
your group’s data, your lab section’
s data, data provided by the fly experts.
(
Note to TA’s:
This lab has a long history of terrible data,
so each lab instructor will invent a dataset for each
of her/h
is lab sections.
These data sets MUST change each semester!)
2.
Produce
THREE
genetic maps, each based on
each of
the data sets in the Table. Calculate Interference for each data set.
Show the equation for calculation of interference.
3.
Compare expected and observed data for pairwise map distance
s among the three genes and for reciprocal crosses using
Chi-Square values.
Report p-values for all comparisons, and state whether differences between expected and observed data can be attributed to chance.
Do this for all data sets. (There will be 18 Chi-square calculations, 6 per data set.)
4.
A narrative must describe the table, mapping calculations and Chi-Square calculations. You must interpret your Chi-Square results. Can deviation.
The 6-Tone Phonetic System 20221121 Sample.pdfLEGOO MANDARIN
The 6-Tone Phonetic System- A breakthrough in learning to pronounce English, Chinese, and other languages
The 6-Tone Concept is known also as The Theory of the Hexatave. It is a theory discovered by Mr. Edward P.H. Woo, Director of the Centre for Research in Linguistic Studies, City University of Macau.
In this book, we explain why the pronunciation of a dialect as complicated as Cantonese in the Chinese language, and the English language can be successfully learnt in 7 days.
Based on a correct understanding of Initials, Finals, and Tones, 7 days is enough for language students to pronounce English as well as Chinese words accurately.
Presentation for parents to provide details on the Letters and Sounds Programme.
This programme ensures all children experience best practice in the teaching of early reading and phonics, aligned to the recommendations of the Rose Review.
Teaching students to articulate new consonants is only part of the story of clear pronunciation, and may even be unnecessary. Good syllable structure, or phonotactics, is a more effective route to intelligible speech in English.
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Les difficultés en lecture font partie des troubles
d’apprentissage les plus importants durant l’enfance.
Le but de notre recherche est d’étudier les facteurs
biologiques, socio-économiques, cognitifs
et comportementaux sous-jacents aux troubles
d’acquisition de la lecture chez les élèves de CE1
français. Mille soixante-deux enfants répartis dans
20 écoles différentes de la ville de Paris ont pris part
à cette recherche. A l’issue d’une première phase
de dépistage, les enfants suspectés de trouble
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individuellement. Par la suite, 100 faibles lecteurs
et 50 normo-lecteurs ont été appariés sur la base
de leur âge, leur sexe, leur école et leur environnement
socio-économique. Pour chacun, un bilan médical,
cognitif et comportemental a été réalisé, complété
par des données socio-économiques personnelles.
Dans notre échantillon, la prévalence moyenne
des troubles d’apprentissage de la lecture est
d’environ 12 %. Ce taux est fortement influencé par
l’environnement socio-économique et varie de 3,3 %
dans les milieux socio-économiques favorisés à 24,2 %
dans les milieux socio-économiques défavorisés.
Parmi les indicateurs familiaux du niveau
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qui prédisent le mieux les performances en lecture
de l’élève.
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'Understanding Chinese Developmental Dyslexia...' By Professor Alice Lai
1. 1
World Dyslexia Forum
At UNESCO Paris on February 2010
Understanding Chinese Developmental Dyslexia:
Meta-linguistic Awareness in both
Chinese Reading and Writing
Dr Alice Cheng-Lai
Manulife Centre for Children with Specific Learning Disabilities
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Feb 4th, 2010
2. Abstract
1. Learning to read Chinese requires rather different
insights from young readers than does an alphabetic
system.
2. Chinese readers with dyslexia were best distinguished
from age-matched controls with tasks of morphological
awareness, speeded number naming, and vocabulary
skill;
3. Performance on tasks of visual skills or phonological
awareness failed to distinguish the group.
4. Findings suggest that morphological awareness may
be a core theoretical construct necessary for
explaining variability in reading Chinese.
5. Morphological instruction helped Chinese
Developmental Dyslexia to master the structural rules
of different types of characters and to apply the rules
analytically when learning to read and write Chinese
characters.
3. Behavioral Evidence of Chinese
Developmental Dyslexia
• Logistic regression analyses revealed that Chinese
readers with dyslexia were best distinguished from age-
matched controls with tasks of morphological awareness,
speeded number naming, and vocabulary skill (Shu,
McBride-Chang, Wu & Liu, 2006)
• Path analyses further revealed that a construct of
morphological awareness was the strongest consistent
predictor of a variety of literacy-related skills across both
groups.
• The nature of the meta-linguistic insights that are
important for Chinese reading depends upon the writing
system.
4. Phonological Awareness in
Chinese
• Children in Mainland China have Pin-Yin (spell-
sound) training (which is, the teaching of
phonetics) before they start learning to read
Chinese, and it has been suggested to be
effective in Chinese reading acquisition and
development
• Zhu-Yin-Fu-Hao (sound annotating graphs) in
Taiwan has led to increased phonological
awareness which is important in Chinese
reading acquisition and development
5. Differences between
Mandarin & Cantonese
No. of Mandarin Cantonese
Tones 4 6 to 9
Distinct “tone syllables” 1300 2000
Syllables before differentiation 403 627
Rimes 36 53
* Cantonese has a more complicated
phonetic system than Mandarin *
6. Phonetic Systems
In Mainland China:
Spoken dialect: Putonghua
Phonetic system taught: Pin-Yin
In Taiwan:
Spoken dialect: Mandarin
Phonetic system taught: Zhu-Yin-Fu-Hao
In Hong Kong:
Spoken dialect: Cantonese
Phonetic system taught: None
7. Morphological Awareness Is Important
to Chinese Reading
• Morpheme awareness is the understanding that
words with the same pronunciation and may
have different meanings.
• Homograph awareness is the understanding that
the same character may have different meaning.
• Radical awareness concerns understanding the
role of radicals in the Chinese writing systems
16. Case L: Morphological awareness
L Control(n=5)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Morpheme judgment 0.64 0.70
Meaning selection 0.25 0.58
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Homophone selection
Radical 0.62 0.91
Morpheme 0.68 0.98
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
L performed poorly in morphological awareness tasks.
The unit of Chinese writing system map not onto phonemes or
syllables, but onto morphemes, units defined in term of both sound
and meaning
17. Morphological Awareness is a Core
Cognitive Construct in Chinese Reading
Significant Variables in First Step Logistic Regression
Variable x (1,N = 152)
Morpheme production 49.95
Phoneme deletion 23.53
No. naming 23.97
Vocabulary 27.99
No. repetition 18.04
2
Note: Chi-square is the change in -2log-likelihood if the predictor is removed
from the model. All ps<.001.
(Shu et al., 2006)
18. Morphological Awareness is a Core
Cognitive Construct in Chinese Reading
Prediction of Dyslexia
Note: Cutoff value p<.5.
(Shu et al., 2006)
Predicted
Observed Dyslexia Control Prediction
Rate
Dyslexic 59 16 78.7%
Control 18 59 76.7%
Production Rate 76.7% 78.7%
19. Model of Chinese character
recognition
Character
Reading
Morpheme
production
Number
naming
Vocabulary
Phoneme
delection
.509***
-.115*
.200**
.192**
-.327***
-.228***
-.377***
-.485***
-.261***
-.491***
R =.633
2
*p<.05. **p<.01. ***p<.001
20. Model of Chinese character
dictation
Character
Dictation
Morpheme
production
Number
naming
Vocabulary
Phoneme
delection
.422***
-.170*
.114
.193**
-.327***
-.228***
-.377***
-.485***
-.261***
R =.474
2
*p<.05. **p<.01. ***p<.001
.491***
21. Model of Chinese reading
comprehension
Comprehension
Morpheme
production
Number
naming
Vocabulary
Phoneme
delection
.320***
-.190*
.152**
.176**
-.327***
-.228***
-.377***
-.485***
-.261***
R =.633
2
*p<.05. **p<.01. ***p<.001
.491***
28. Morphological Awareness
Measures
Morpheme production
The experimenter gave the word ‘cao3di4’
(meaning lawn), the child was asked to produce a
new word with the morpheme [cao3] had the
same meaning as it did in ‘cao3di4’.. One
acceptable answer would be xiao3cao3 (meaning
grass). The child was also asked to say a word
that included the morpheme [cao3] in which its
meaning was different from that in ‘cao3di’
29. Pre-
test
Post-
test % p
Exp. Mean 10.71 13.55 26.52% *** <.0001
SD 2.94 2.99
Con. Mean 11.4 12.82 12.46% *** <.0001
SD 3.52 3.17
30. Pseudo Word
Please put a ‘tick’ next to the real characters, and a ‘cross’ next to the
pseudo characters with illegal structures
31. Pre-
test
Post-
test % p
Exp. Mean 24.55 26.93 9.69% *** <.0001
SD 3.08 2.78
Con. Mean 24.76 26.08 5.33% *** <.0001
SD 3.12 3.62
32. Morphological Radical
Instructions:
In every trial you will hear a complete sentence, but the same sentence
in written form that you can see below misses a character. Circle the
missed character from the four options provided.
Practice:
野__是一種非常兇猛的動物。
A boar is a kind of very fierce animal.
(1) 渚 (islet) (2) 猪 (pig) (3) 諸 (various) (4) 著 (manifest)
33. Pre-
test
Post-
test % p
Exp. Mean 12.32 15.87 28.81% *** <.0001
SD 4.25 3.22
Con. Mean 13.21 15.45 16.96% *** <.0001
SD 4.28 3.64
34. Comprehension
Instructions
There are some sentences below. Some are acceptable while the
others are unacceptable. Please read silently and judge whether
These sentences are acceptable or not. If you think the sentence is
acceptable, put a ‘tick’ in the bracket, if not, put a ‘cross’ in the
bracket.
Examples
我喜歡吃書本 I like eating books ( )
我喜歡看電視 I like watching TV programs ( )
35. Pre-
test
Post-
test % p
Exp. Mean 15.55 17.15 10.29% *** <.0001
SD 2.72 2.14
Cont. Mean 16.46 17.27 4.92% *** <.0001
SD 2.76 2.48
36. Word Identification
Which of the following is the character ‘cun1’ in the
word ‘cun1 tin1’ (Spring)? …..Yes, it’s the first one,
you’re right, so you should circle the option 1. All right,
we will now start, and I will read twice for each item.
Listen carefully.
Practice: ____ tin1
1) cun1 (Spring) 2) ha6 (Summer) 3) cau1 (Autumn) 4)
dong1 (Winter)
37. Pre-
test
Post-
test % p
Exp. Mean 22.82 26.08 14.29% *** <.0001
SD 5.08 4.96
Cont. Mean 23.58 25.96 10.09% *** <.0001
SD 4.9 4.09
38. Word Meaning
There are pairs of words in the following. Each pair
has one common character. You have to judge
whether the common character of the pair of words
has the same meaning.
For example, the ‘mei5’ in ‘mei5 lai6’ (beautiful) is
different from that in ‘mei5 gwok3’ (United States), so
you should put a cross in the bracket.
39. Pre-
test
Post-
test % p
Exp. Mean 12.87 14.73 14.45% *** <.0001
SD 2.78 3.67
Cont. Mean 13.71 14.24 3.87% 0.110
SD 3.56 3.38
40. Morphological Instruction and Teacher
Training in Beijing & Hong Kong
• From various experimental findings, it could be concluded that
explicit teaching of the internal structures of Chinese characters
would be beneficial to character learning
• A well-structured pedagogy of morphological instruction should
enable children to use the structural rules analytically when they are
exposed to any new or unfamiliar Chinese characters
• Teachers in Beijing and Hong Kong found the pedagogy of
morphological instruction useful for children with dyslexia. They
observed that children can make use of such analytic strategies in
learning any new Chinese characters, which indicated that they
have learned the morphological rules of the Chinese orthography.
41. 41
Thank You!
Dr Alice Cheng
ssalai@inet.polyu.edu.hk
Manulife Centre for Children with
Specific Learning Disabilities
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
www.mccsld.org