Wcdma rno handover algorithm analysis and parameter configurtaion guidance 20050316 a 1

Wcdma Rno Handover Algorithm Analysis And Parameter
Configurtaion Guidance 20050316 A 1.0 Document
Transcript
 1. Product Version Confidentiality level Huawei Technologies V100R001 For Internal
Use Co. Ltd. Product Name: WCDMA RNP Total pages: 52 WCDMA RNO Handover
Algorithm Analysis and Parameter Configuration Guidance For internal use only
Prepared by: URNP-SANA Date: 2003-12-15 Reviewed by: Date: Reviewed by: Date:
Approved by: Date: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved
 2. WCDMA RNO Handover Algorithm Analysis and Parameter Configuration Guidance
For Intanal Use Revision Record Date Rev. Description Author Version 2003/12/15
Initial transmittal Znag Liang 2005/03/16 1.0 Change the date, no content updated.
Qinyan 10-1-26 Confidential Page 2 of 52
For Intanal Use Table of Contents 1
Introduction............................................................................................................................
......................7 2 Handover Algorithm
Analysis.....................................................................................................................7 2.1
Handover Measurement
..........................................................................................................................7 2.1.1 Intra-
Frequency Measurement
.........................................................................................................8 2.1.2 Inter-Frequency
Measurement .......................................................................................................13 2.1.3
Inter-System Measurement
............................................................................................................14 2.1.4 UE Internal
Measurement ..............................................................................................................15 2.2
Handover Algorithms
...........................................................................................................................16 2.2.1
Softer Handover and Soft Handover Algorithms
...........................................................................16 2.2.2 Intra-Frequency Hard Handover
Algorithm ..................................................................................17 2.2.3 Inter-Frequency
Hard Handover Algorithm ..................................................................................17 2.2.4
Inter-System Handover Algorithm
.................................................................................................19 2.2.5 Handover Caused
by Load Balancing ............................................................................................19 2.2.6
Cell
Penalty....................................................................................................................................
.20 2.2.7 Active Set Synchronization
Maintenance.......................................................................................21 2.2.8 Direct Retry
Algorithm ..................................................................................................................22
2.2.9 Principle for Generating Adjacent Cell
List...................................................................................23 3 Handover Parameter Setting
......................................................................................................................24 3.1
Description.............................................................................................................................
................25 3.2 Handover Common Parameters

............................................................................................................26 3.2.1 Maximum
Number of Cells in Active Set......................................................................................26
3.2.2 Penalty
Time....................................................................................................................................2
6 3.2.3 Event 6F Trigger Threshold
...........................................................................................................27 3.2.4 Event 6G
Trigger Threshold...........................................................................................................27
3.2.5 Time-to-Trigger Parameters for Events 6F and
6G........................................................................28 3.2.6 BE Service Handover Rate
Decision Threshold ............................................................................28 3.2.7 Soft
Handover Method Select Switch
............................................................................................29 3.2.8 Handover Algorithm
Switches........................................................................................................30 3.3 Intra-
Frequency Handover Measurement Algorithm Parameters
........................................................31 3.3.1 Soft Handover Relative Thresholds
...............................................................................................31 3.3.2 Soft Handover
Absolute Thresholds ..............................................................................................32 3.3.3
Intra-Frequency Measurement Filter Coefficient
(FilterCoef).......................................................33 3.3.4 Hysteresis Related to Soft
Handover .............................................................................................35 3.3.5 Time-to-
Trigger Parameters Related to Soft Handover..................................................................36
3.3.6
WEIGHT................................................................................................................................
.........37 3.3.7 Detected Set Statistics
Switch.........................................................................................................38 3.4 Inter-
Frequency Handover Algorithm Parameters
...............................................................................38 3.4.1 Inter-Frequency Measurement
Filter Coefficient (FilterCoef).......................................................38 3.4.2 Cell Location
Property....................................................................................................................39 3.4.3
Hysteresis Related to Inter-Frequency
Handover...........................................................................40 3.4.4 Time-to-Trigger
Parameters Related to Inter-Frequency Hard Handover.....................................41 3.4.5
Compressed Mode Enable/Disable Threshold Denoted by
RSCP.................................................42 3.4.6 Compressed Mode Enable/Disable
Threshold Denoted by Ec/No.................................................42 3.4.7 Inter-Frequency
Hard Handover RSCP Threshold ........................................................................43 3.4.8
Inter-Frequency Hard Handover Ec/No Threshold
........................................................................44 3.5 inter-system handover measurement
algorithm parameter ..................................................................44 3.5.1 inter-system
measurement filter coefficient FilterCoef..................................................................44
3.5.2 Inter-System Hard Handover Decision Threshold
.........................................................................45 3.5.3 Inter-system Hard Handover
Hysteresis .......................................................................................45 3.5.4 Time-to-
Trigger Parameter for Inter-System Hard Handover........................................................46
3.5.5 Inter-System Measurement Periodic Report
Interval.....................................................................47 3.6 Compressed Mode Algorithm

Parameter .............................................................................................47 3.6.1 CFN Offset
to Enable Compressed Mode.......................................................................................47 10-
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For Intanal Use 3.6.2 Spreading Factor Threshold
...........................................................................................................48 3.7 Direct Retry
Algorithm Parameter .......................................................................................................49
3.7.1 Maximum Direct Retry
Times........................................................................................................49 3.7.2
Candidate Set Absolute Threshold
.................................................................................................49 3.7.3 Minimum Ec/No
Value...................................................................................................................50 3.7.4
Linear Factor of Relative Threshold and Time
Interval.................................................................50 3.7.5 Maximum Relating Time for
Direct Retry Decision......................................................................51 10-1-26 Confidential
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For Intanal Use List of Tables table 1Recommended Soft Handover Hysteresis Settings
for Different Movement Speeds.......................35 table 2Recommended Time-to-Trigger
Settings for Different Movement Speeds......................................36 table 3Recommended
Inter-Frequency Hard Handover Hysteresis Settings for Different Movement
Speeds....................................................................................................................................
......................40 table 4Recommended Inter-Frequency Hard Handover Time-to-Trigger
Settings for Different Movement
Speeds....................................................................................................................................
......................41 List of Figures Figure 1 Measurement
Model.........................................................................................................................8
Figure 2 Example of Event 1A and Trigger
Delay.........................................................................................9 Figure 3 Periodic
Reporting Triggered by Event 1A....................................................................................10
Figure 4 Example of Event
1C......................................................................................................................11 Figure 5
Example of Event
1D......................................................................................................................11 Figure 6
Restriction of measurement reporting by means of
hysteresis.......................................................12 Figure 7 Example of Event
1E......................................................................................................................12 Figure 8
Example of Event
1D1F.................................................................................................................13 Figure 9
Power Control
Timing....................................................................................................................21 Figure
10 MML Client
.................................................................................................................................25 10-1-
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For Intanal Use WCDMA RNO Handover Algorithm Analysis and Parameter

Configuration Guidance Key words: handover algorithm, soft handover, hard handover,
inter-system handover, parameter setting Abstract: This document first describes the
measurements involved in the handover algorithms, and then analyzes the measurement
control and decision rules in the implementation of the algorithm of each type of
handover. Finally, it provides a detailed guidance for the setting of various types of
handover parameters, so that correct and effective handover parameter adjustments can
be carried out based on the actual requirements during network optimization. List of
abbreviations: (Omitted) 10-1-26 Confidential Page 6 of 52
For Intanal Use 1 Introduction Handover types include softer handover, soft handover,
intra-frequency hard handover, inter-frequency hard handover and inter-system hard
handover. A typical handover process is: measurement control → measurement report →
handover decision → handover execution → new measurement control. Based on the
measurement value, handover control method and handover type selection required for
the handover decision, the handover algorithm determines how the UE carry out
handover measurements and report the measurement result, and then makes handover
decision and guides the handover execution according to the reported measurement
result. Handover algorithms largely present themselves in the configuration of
measurement control parameters. In Chapter 2, this document discusses the measurement
control, reporting rules and related handover decision algorithms involved in various
types of handover. In Chapter 3, based on the knowledge of the handover algorithms, this
document provides detailed descriptions of the specific parameter setting methods value
assignment recommendations and ranges of effect of the related algorithms of various
types of handover, so as to provide a clear and practical guidance for parameter
adjustments in network optimization. 2 Handover Algorithm Analysis Mobility
management is an important part of radio resource management, while handover
algorithms are the most important part of mobility management. A handover algorithm
involves such contents as measurement control and handover decision. Therefore, to
analyze a handover algorithm, we should first analyze handover measurement.
2.1Handover Measurement The radio resource management module (RRM) initiated
measurements include dedicated measurement and common measurement. All the
measurements in the UE are dedicated measurement. Handover measurement is specific
to the physical layer, which provides measurement of various items for the higher layers,
so as to trigger various functions, including handover. The measurement result will go
twice through smoothening processing. The first processing is in the physical layer, and
the purpose is to filter off the influence of fast fading before the physical layer reports the
measurement result to the higher layer. The second processing is implemented by the
higher layer on the measurement result reported by the physical layer before event
evaluation. This processing is to determine the filter coefficient according to the time 10-
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For Intanal Use relation and implemented weighted averaging processing of the
measurement result. The latest measurement result after L3 filtering is used for
evaluation of the reporting rule, and as the reported result. The process is as follows:
Parameter Parameter A L1 B L3 C Evaluation D filtering filtering of reporting rule C'
Figure 1 Measurement Model The reporting types include “on-demand reporting”,

“periodic reporting” and “event triggered reporting” (Event A to Event F). Generally, the
last two types of measurement reporting are involved in handover. In the UE, measured
cells are divided into the following three types:  Active set cells: Cells in an active set
communicate with the UE simultaneously. Active set cells refer to those that are
demodulated and correlatively combined at the UE and communicate with the UE in the
FDD mode, namely in soft handover and softer handover. Cells in an active set are surely
intra-frequency cells.  Monitored set cells: Among the cells included in the adjacent cell
list delivered by the RNC, some adjacent cells may have already entered the active set at
the time of soft handover, and the remaining cells are in monitored sets. Monitored sets
include intra-frequency monitored sets, inter-frequency monitored sets and inter-system
monitored sets.  Detected set cell: Detected set cells refer to those cells detected by the
UE itself, rather than the cells in the active sets and monitored set. The types of
measurement involved in handover include intra-frequency measurement, inter-frequency
measurement and inter-system measurement, which will be discussed in the following
paragraphs. 2.1.1Intra-Frequency Measurement UTRAN uses the measurement control
message to inform the UE what events need to trigger measurement reporting. All intra-
frequency measurement report events are identified with 1X. Event 1A: A primary pilot
channel enters the reporting range If the network, in the measurement report mechanism
field, requires the UE to report event 10-1-26 Confidential Page 8 of 52
For Intanal Use 1A while the UE has entered the Cell_DCH state, then when a primary
pilot channel enters the reporting range, the UE will send a measurement report. When
the measurement values satisfy the following formulas, the UE deems that a primary pilot
⋅ LogM New ≤ W ⋅10 ⋅
Lo ⋅10 ⋅
⋅ LogM New ≥ W ⋅10 ⋅ ⋅10 ⋅
the cell that has entered the reporting range Mi is the measurement result of the cells in
the active set NA is the number of cells in the current active set MBest is the
measurement result of the best cell in the current active set W is the weight factor R is the
reporting range. With the signal strength as an example, R equals to the signal strength of
the best cell in the current active set minus a value H1a is the hysteresis value of event
1A In order to reduce the signaling traffic flow of the measurement report, the TIME-TO-
TRIGGER parameter is used so that the UE will not trigger measurement reporting
before the primary pilot enters the reporting range and is maintained for a certain period
of time. This parameter is also used in other events. An example of measurement
reporting triggered by event 1A is given below: Measurement quantity P CPICH 1
Reporting range P CPICH 2 P CPICH 3 Time-to-trigger Reporting Time event 1A Figure
2 Example of Event 1A and Trigger Delay Generally, if event 1A is triggered, the UE
will send a measurement report to UTRAN, and UTRAN will deliver an ACTIVE SET
UPDATE signaling message to update the active set. 10-1-26 Confidential Page 9 of 52
 10. WCDMA RNO Handover Algorithm Analysis and Parameter Configuration
Guidance For Intanal Use However, UTRAN may give no response after the UE sends
the measurement report (for example, due to insufficient capacity). In this case, the UE
will shift from event reporting to periodic reporting mechanism, and the content of the
measurement report includes the information of the cells in the active set and the cells in

the monitored set that has entered the reporting range. The UE will not stop sending
periodically the measurement report until this cell is successfully added into the active set
or leaves the reporting range, as shown below: PCPICH 1 PCPICH 2 Reporting range
Reporting terminated Periodic Periodic report report Event-triggered PCPICH 3 report
Figure 3 Periodic Reporting Triggered by Event 1A Event 1B: A primary pilot channel
leaves the reporting range When the following formulas are satisfied, the UE deems that
⋅ LogM Old
≥ W ⋅ 10 ⋅ ⋅ 10 ⋅
2, Other ⋅ LogM Old ≤ W ⋅ 10 ⋅
W ) ⋅ 10 ⋅
result of the cell that has left the reporting range Mi is the measurement result of the cell
in the active set NA is the number of cells in the current active set MBest is the
measurement result of the best cell in the current active set W is the weighted factor R is
the reporting range H1a is the hysteresis value of event 1A If several cells satisfy the
reporting condition simultaneously after the trigger delay, the UE 10-1-26 Confidential
Page 10 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use will sort the cells according to the measurement values and
report all the measurement results. Event 1C: The primary pilot channel in a non active
set is better than the primary pilot channel in an active set This event can be described
through the following example: Measurement quantity P CPICH 1 P CPICH 2 P CPICH
3 P CPICH 4 Reporting Reporting Time event 1C event 1C Figure 4 Example of Event
1C In this example, the cells where P CPICH 1, P CPICH 2 and P CPICH 3 are belong to
an active set, while that of P CPICH 4 does not. This event is used to replace the poor
cells in the active set, if the number of cells in the active set reaches or exceeds active set
replacement threshold. Event 1D: The best cell changes Measurement quantity P CPICH
1 P CPICH 2 P CPICH3 Reporting Time event 1D Figure 5 Example of Event 1D 10-1-
Guidance For Intanal Use In order to prevent frequent triggering of event 1D due to
signal fluctuations when the channel difference is small, which results in unnecessary
increase of the air interface signaling traffic flow, we can use the hysteresis parameter, as
shown below: Measurement quantity P CCPCH 1 Hysteresis P CCPCH 2 Hysteresis
Reporting Time event 1D Figure 6 Restriction of measurement reporting by means of
hysteresis As we can see, as the hysteresis condition is not met at the second time, event
1D reporting is not triggered. This parameter can also be used in other events. Event 1E:
The measurement value of a primary pilot channel exceeds the absolute threshold
Measurement quantity P CPICH 1 P CPICH 2 Absolute threshold P CPICH 3 Reporting
Time event 1E Figure 7 Example of Event 1E Event 1E can be used to trigger the
measurement reports of cells including those detected by the UE before it receives the
adjacent cell list. 10-1-26 Confidential Page 12 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use Event 1F: The measurement value of a primary pilot channel is
lower than the absolute threshold Measurement quantity P CPICH 1 P CPICH 2 Absolute
threshold P CPICH 3 Reporting Time event 1F Figure 8 Example of Event 1D1F
2.1.2Inter-Frequency Measurement Inter-frequency measurement events are identified

with 2X. The frequency quality estimation involved in events 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D and 2E is
⋅ LogM carrier j = W j ⋅ 10 ⋅
⋅ 10 ⋅
logarithmic form of the estimated quality value of frequency j Mcarrier j is the estimated
quality value of frequency j Mi j is the measurement result of cell i with the frequency of
j in the virtual active set NA j is the number of cells with the frequency of j in the virtual
active set MBest j is the measurement result of the best cell with the frequency of j in the
virtual active set Wj is the weight factor H is the hysteresis value Before we describe
events 2x, we should make the following two concepts understood: “non-used frequency”
refer to the frequency that the UE needs to measure but that is not in the active set, and
“used frequency” refers to the frequency that the UE needs to measure and that is in the
active set. 10-1-26 Confidential Page 13 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use Event 2A: The best frequency changes If the estimated quality
value of the non-used frequency is better than that of the best cell in the used frequency,
and the hysteresis value and the “time to trigger” conditions are satisfied, event 2A will
be triggered. Event 2B: The estimated quality value of the used frequency is lower than a
certain threshold, and that of the non-used frequency is higher than a certain threshold If
the estimated quality value of the used frequency is lower than the threshold defined by
IE “Threshold used frequency” delivered in the measurement control message, while that
of the non-used frequency is higher than the threshold defined by IE “Threshold non-used
frequency” delivered in the measurement control message, and the hysteresis value and
the “time to trigger” condition are satisfied, event 2B will be triggered. Event 2C: The
estimated quality value of the non-used frequency is higher than a certain threshold This
threshold is specified by IE “Threshold non-used frequency” in the measurement control
message delivered by UTRAN. Event 2D: The estimated quality value of the used
frequency is lower than a certain threshold Event 2D can be used to enable the
compressed mode to perform inter-frequency measurement. This threshold is specified by
IE “Threshold used frequency” in the measurement control message delivered by
UTRAN. This type of parameters can be modified through MML commands. Event 2E:
The estimated quality value of the non-used frequency is lower than a certain threshold
This threshold is specified by IE “Threshold non-used frequency” in the measurement
control message delivered by UTRAN. Event 2F: The estimated quality value of the used
frequency is higher than a certain threshold Event 2F can be used to disable the
compressed mode to stop inter-frequency measurement. This threshold is specified by IE
“Threshold used frequency” in the measurement control message delivered by UTRAN.
2.1.3Inter-System Measurement 10-1-26 Confidential Page 14 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use Inter-system measurement events are identified with 3X. The
quality estimation of a UTRAN active set involved in events 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D is
⋅ LogM UTRAN = W ⋅ 10 ⋅
+ (1 − W ) ⋅ 10 ⋅
the estimated quality value of the UTRAN frequency currently in use MUTRAN is the
estimated quality value of the UTRAN frequency currently in use Mi is the measurement
result of cell i in the active set NA is the number of cells in the active set MBest result is
the measurement result of the best cell in the active set W is the weight factor Event 3A:

The estimated quality value of the used UTRAN frequency is lower than a certain
threshold, and that of the other system is higher than a certain threshold If the estimated
quality value of the used UTRAN frequency is lower than the threshold defined by IE
“Threshold own system” delivered in the measurement control message, while that of the
other system is higher than the threshold defined by IE “Threshold other system”
delivered in the measurement control message, and the hysteresis value and the “time to
trigger” condition are satisfied, event 3A will be triggered. Event 3B: The estimated
quality value of the other system is lower than a certain threshold This threshold is
specified by IE “Threshold other system” in the measurement control message. Event 3C:
The estimated quality value of the other system is higher than a certain threshold This
threshold is specified by IE “Threshold other system” in the measurement control
message. Event 3D: The best cell in the other system changes 2.1.4UE Internal
Measurement Two UE internal measurement events are involved in the handover
algorithms: 6F and 6G. Event 6F: The time difference between downlink receiving and
uplink transmission of the UE is bigger than an absolute threshold This threshold is
specified in IE “UE Rx-Tx time difference threshold” delivered by UTRAN. 10-1-26
Confidential Page 15 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use Event 6G: The time difference between downlink receiving
and uplink transmission of the UE is smaller than an absolute threshold This threshold is
specified in IE “UE Rx-Tx time difference threshold” delivered by UTRAN.
2.2Handover Algorithms This section will describer the handover-related algorithms
already supported by RNC V1.2, so as to provide algorithm guidance for network
optimization and parameter adjustments. The contents of this section include softer
handover and soft handover algorithms, intra-frequency hard handover algorithm, inter-
frequency hard handover algorithm, inter-system hard handover algorithm, load
balancing handover algorithm, cell penalty, direct retry algorithm and active set
synchronization maintenance and adjacent cell list maintenance method. 2.2.1Softer
Handover and Soft Handover Algorithms Presently, RNC V1.2 uses two soft handover
algorithms: loose-mode algorithm and relative threshold algorithm. The user can make
selection between these two algorithms through the algorithm switch. By default,
algorithm 2, namely, relative threshold algorithm is enabled. 1. Loose-mode algorithm 1)
When either event 1A or event 1E (referred to as “1A or 1E”) is satisfied, it will be
deemed as the trigger condition for adding a soft handover branch; 2) After event 1A or
1E is received, if the number of cells in the active set is 3, no processing will be
implemented. 3) When neither the relative threshold nor the absolute threshold (event 1B
and 1F) is satisfied, it is deemed as the trigger condition for removing a soft handover
branch. 4) If handover is triggered when either event 1B or event 1F is received, but the
triggered cell is the best cell, then no processing will be made. 5) When the UE active set
is full, event 1A and event 1E reporting is stopped, and event 1C reporting starts 6) Event
1C is the trigger condition for cell replacement in the active set. 7) Event 1D occurs in the
active set cell, and measurement control changes, based on the best cell operation
algorithm. 8) Event 1D occurs in the monitored set cell, and this cell is added into the
active set. If the active set is full, remove any cell among non-best cells and then add the
reported best cell, and mark it as the best cell. After successful operation, the
measurement control change process is started. 10-1-26 Confidential Page 16 of 52

Guidance For Intanal Use 2. Relative threshold algorithm 1) When event 1A report is
received, if the active set is not full, then links are sequenced and added in the order of
good quality to poor quality (CPICH Ec/No) (in case that multiple cells report event 1A),
until the active set is full; if the active set is already full, no processing will be made. 2)
When event 1B is received, if there are more than one links in the active set, then the
braches are sequenced and removed in the order of poor quality to good quality (CPICH
Ec/No) (in case that multiple cells report event 1B), until only one link is left; if there is
only one in the active set, no processing will be made. 3) In case of event 1C, the UE will
report the replacing and replaced cells in the event trigger list. If the active set is not full,
then the triggered cell link will be added; if the active set is already full at this moment
and the replaced cell is not the best cell in the active set, then this cell link will be
removed. 4) In case of event 1D, if the triggered cell is an active set cell, then it will be
marked as the best cell and measurement control is updated; if the triggered cell doe not
belong to the active set, then this cell link will be added (if the active set is full, one of the
non-best cell will be removed before this link is added) and marked as the best cell, with
measurement control updated. 2.2.2Intra-Frequency Hard Handover Algorithm Intra-
frequency hard handover will occur in two cases: 1, handover between intra-frequency
adjacent cells that belong to different RNCs, between which no Iur interface is available;
2, handover of high-rate PS Best Effort services that exceeds the rate threshold, because
too much forward capacity will be occupied if soft handover is adopted in this case.
Event 1D is used as the judgment criterion for event intra-frequency hard handover.
Namely, the event 1D triggered cell acts as the target cell of the handover. 2.2.3Inter-
Frequency Hard Handover Algorithm 1. Basic concepts Carrier coverage verge cell: a
cell located at the outmost verge of a carrier coverage area. The characteristic is that the
cell does have an intra-frequency adjacent cell in a certain direction. 10-1-26 Confidential
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Guidance For Intanal Use Carrier coverage center cell: a cell other than carrier coverage
verge cells. The characteristic is that the cell has intra-frequency adjacent cells in all
directions. In a carrier coverage verge cell, when the UE moves towards the direction in
which the cell has no intra-frequency adjacent cell, the CPICH Ec/No changes slowly
because CPICH RSCP has the same speed with the fading of interference. Simulation
shows that CPICH Ec/No can still reach -12dB or so when CPICH RSCP is already lower
than the demodulation threshold (about -110dBm). At this moment, the inter-frequency
handover algorithm based on CPICH Ec/No measurement has actually failed. Therefore,
for a carrier coverage verge cell, it is more suitable and more efficient to use CPICH
RSCP as the inter-frequency measurement quantity. For a carrier coverage center cell,
CPICH RSCP can also be used as the inter-frequency measurement quantity, but CPICH
Ec/No can better reflect the actual link communication quality and the load situation of
the cell. 2. Enabling/disabling inter-frequency measurement Because inter-frequency
measurement may use the compressed mode, which usually affects the link quality and
system capacity, we generally hope that inter-frequency measurement is not enabled
unless necessary. Currently, RNC V1.2 decides to enable or disable inter- frequency
measurement through the reporting of event 2D and event 2F. When the UE enters the
CELL_DCH state or when the best cell is updated, if the inter- frequency handover

algorithm is enabled and an inter-frequency adjacent cell list is available for the best cell,
then the measurement of event 2D and 2F is configured. The absolute thresholds of
events 2D and 2F are the enabling/disabling thresholds of inter-frequency measurement.
CPICH Ec/No or RSCP measurement quantity and thresholds will be adopted
respectively according to the location property of the best cell in the active set (carrier
coverage center or carrier coverage verge as previously described). If the measurement
quantity is lower than the enabling threshold , event 2D will be reported, and inter-
frequency measurement will be enabled through decision; if the active set quality rises
and becomes higher than the disabling threshold, then event 2F reporting will be
triggered and inter-frequency measurement will be stopped. 3. Inter-frequency hard
handover decision Presently, the periodic measurement reporting mode is used for inter-
frequency measurement. In RNC V1.2, the absolute threshold decision method based on
cell properties is used for inter-frequency handover decision. According to different cell
properties (carrier coverage verge cell and carrier coverage center cell), different physical
measurement quantities (CPICH RSCP and CPICH Ec/No) and handover thresholds are
used for handover decision. Based on the inter-frequency measurement result periodically
reported by the UE, if the measurement values exceed the absolute threshold and the
hysteresis values and the “time to 10-1-26 Confidential Page 18 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use trigger” condition is met, then the RNC will implement inter-
frequency hard handover with the reported cell as the handover target cell. Note: Due to
lack of a special compressed mode control policy, it is recommended that inter-frequency
handover be used only for necessary handover caused by discontinuous carrier coverage.
In this case, we can consider to enable the compressed mode only at the carrier coverage
verge, while disable the compressed mode at the carrier coverage center by means of
parameter configuration (by setting the absolute threshold of event 2D to the minimum)
to disable inter-frequency hard handover. 2.2.4Inter-System Handover Algorithm RNC
V1.2 supports 3G->GSM/GPRS handover. Presently, inter-system handover is used only
for inter-system handover caused by discontinuous coverage of 3G networks, and other
types of inter-system handover, such as load balancing, are not supported. 1) Inter-system
handover is enabled only in cells located at the verge of WCDMA FDD system coverage.
2) Inter-system handover algorithms and inter-frequency handover algorithms are
mutually exclusive. That is, when the compressed-mode measurement of inter-system
handover is enabled, the compressed-mode measurement of inter-frequency handover
must be disabled. 3) Cells at the verge of WCDMA FDD system coverage are identified
through the configuration of GSM/GPRS adjacent cell list for them. 4) For inter-system
handover, CPICH RSCP is used as the physical measurement quantity and events 2D and
2F are used to decide enabling or disabling the compressed mode. 5) For inter-system
handover, three compressed mode style sequences are used for concurrent measurement
of GSM RSSI, BASIC identification and BASIC reconfirm, and the configuration of
parameters is oriented to the cell type, namely, the parameters can be selected and
configured based on the cell characteristics and user mobility statistics characteristics. 6)
Periodic measurement reports are used for inter-system handover, and the RNC decides
whether to implement hard handover according to the measurement reports.
2.2.5Handover Caused by Load Balancing When the loads of the adjacent cells become
unbalanced, the load control algorithm will balance the loads between the adjacent cells

through handover. Generally, the algorithm implements load balancing by changing the
power of the common pilot channel between adjacent cells. Since handover algorithms
obtain the Ec/No of the common pilot channel of 10-1-26 Confidential Page 19 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use adjacent cells through the measurement by the UE, while the
handover thresholds of various cells are also obtained through the RNC database, the load
balancing control algorithm is transparent to handover algorithms, without any direct
interface in between. When the loads become unbalanced among cells of different
frequencies in the same Node B, the performance of the entire system may deteriorate. In
this case, the load control algorithm will notify the handover algorithm to switch some
UEs on heavy-load carries onto light-load carriers thus to balance the loads. At this time,
the load control entity selects the specific UEs. Upon selecting the UEs, the load control
entity sends the source cell information and the target cell information to the selected
UEs’ Handover Control entities , and what the handover entity should to do is just to give
out the handover command based on the message it has received. Load balancing
between different NodeBs is transparent to the handover algorithm. Therefore, we mainly
analyze handover requests caused by load balancing between different carriers in the
same coverage area. In this kind of handover, the handover entity actually does not make
any specific decision, but it only “forwards” the decision command made by the load
control entity. In this kind of handover, two principles are followed for UE selection: (1)
UEs in soft handover are not selected. Since the target cell’s synchronization information
may be unavailable, the timming re-initiation hard handover procedure is used here. As
RNC V1.2 does not support immediate macro diversity, if a UE in soft handover state is
selected at this moment for load transfer, it will necessarily result in damage to the soft
handover state of this UE, and increase call drop risk. (2) UEs with inconsistent SRNC
and CRNC are not selected, because this kind of transfer involves signaling interworking
on the Iur interface, while the Iur is an open interface, without this type of signaling.
Upon receiving the load transfer signaling, the handover entity first implements handover
decision to judge whether the two conditions previously mentioned are satisfied. If so, it
will proceed with the next step of processing; otherwise, it will reject the request and
indicate the reason. 2.2.6Cell Penalty The purpose of cell penalty caused by handover
failure is to prevent the handover algorithm from deciding again on the handover of this
UE to a cell that already has no more capacity. In order to avoid making redundant
judgments, in case of a handover failure (including soft handover and hard handover), the
involved UE will be restricted from initiating any further handover request to the same
cell within the penalty time, and the event periodic reporting interval is required to be
equal to the penalty time. Thus, after a handover failure, on one hand 10-1-26
Guidance For Intanal Use penalty is exerted on the target cell involved in the handover
failure, and on the other the periodic reporting interval is made equal to the penalty time,
so that large waste of processing capability is avoided. The Connection-oriented cell
penalty algorithm is as follows: (1) The cell penalty algorithm is to deny any handover
access to the cell in penalty within the specified period of time, namely, the involved UE
is not allowed to initiate any further handover request to this cell. The penalty flag is set
to 1; (2) After the penalty time expires, the penalty is released, and the penalty flag is set

to 0. 2.2.7Active Set Synchronization Maintenance According to the 25.214 protocol,
from the downlink receiving moment of the UE to the corresponding uplink transmission
moment, there should be a 1024-chip delay, so as to ensure the normal 1-slot uplink and
downlink power control, as shown below: Slot (2560 chips) DL DPCCH T TF T PILOT
Data1 P CI Data2 PILOT Data1 P at UTRAN C C Propagation delay DL-UL timing
Response offset (1024 chips) To TPC (*3) DL DPCCH T TF T PILOT Data1 P CI Data2
PILOT Data1 P at UE C C 512 chips DL SIR measurement (*1) Response to TPC UL
DPCCH PILOT TFCI TPC PILOT at UE Slot (2560 chips) Propagation delay UL SIR
measurement (*2) UL DPCCH PILOT TFCI TPC PILOT at UTRAN *1,2 The SIR
measurement periods illustrated here are examples. Other ways of measurement are
allowed to achieve accurate SIR estimation. *3 If there is not enough time for UTRAN to
respond to the TPC, the action can be delayed until the next slot. Figure 9 Power Control
Timing As illustrated in the diagram, when the UE complete receiving the downlink
PILOT bit, it has the time of 512 chips to generate the TPC bit for downlink power
control according to the PILOT 10-1-26 Confidential Page 21 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use bit. When the UE is in the soft handover state, the generation
of the TPC bit should be based on the PILOT calculation of all links. However, in the
actual system, because the selection of the downlink transmission time is obtained by the
NodeB based on the RNC-configured frame offset and code offset after roundup by 256
chips (the minimum time resolution of the NodeB is 256 chips), there is an error of ±128
chips between the actual transmission time and the RNC- configured time. Plus errors in
the UE movement speed and clock drift, there will be an error of ±(128+20) chips at the
UE side. That is, when the Rx-Tx time difference is within the range of 1024±148 chips,
the design of UE and NodeB should be able to satisfy the 1-slot power control
requirement; when it is out of this range, the system will be unable to guarantee the 1-slot
power control requirement, resulting in power control performance deterioration. The UE
Rx-Tx time difference is measured once every 10 frames. When the Rx-Tx time
difference is smaller than 876 (1024–148) chips, the UE-end processing time will be
reduced, and, as result, it will be likely that the downlink 1-slot power control cannot be
guaranteed; when the Rx-Tx time difference is greater than 1172 (1024+148) chips, the
NodeB-end processing will be reduced, and it will be likely that the uplink 1-slot power
control cannot be guaranteed. There are two UE internal measurement events for the
measurement of the protocol- provided synchronization maintenance information: event
6F and event 6G, as described previously. Algorithm description: a) After the UE enters
the CELL_DCH state, the algorithm enables the UE to report event 6F and event 6G
through measurement control. b) The thresholds, delays and hysteresis values of events
6F and 6G are used as algorithm parameters, which can be adjusted through background
configuration. c) Once event 6F or event 6G occurs on a radio link, the network side will
release this radio link. D) The cell with its link released may retrigger other events and
then new RL could be added to the active set. 2.2.8Direct Retry Algorithm When the UE
requests to leave the IDLE mode and enter the CONNECTION mode, if the admission
fails, another best cell will be selected for an access attempt based on the RACH
measurement report previously reported by the UE. Such an access attempt is called
direct retry. The direct retry algorithm needs the following parameters: 1)

DRMaxNumber: the maximum direct retry times for each direct retry candidate cell 10-1-
Guidance For Intanal Use 2) DRDCSThreshold: a basic threshold for entering the
candidate set 3) MaxRelatingTime: the maximum time that the RACH measurement
report can continue to be used 4) LinearFactor: the linear factor for the relative threshold
and time interval during candidate set screening 5) MinSignalRequired: basic access
threshold. Algorithm description: (1) The direct retry algorithm is effective only when the
UE initiates RRC setup request. (2) The direct retry algorithm buffers the cell
measurement value in the RACH measurement report of the UE, deletes the originally
saved cell measurement information after the RNC receives a new RACH measurement
report, buffers the cells of which the measurement signal CPICH Ec/No is greater than
MinSignalRequierd (basic access threshold), and records the reporting time. (3) When the
UE initiates an RRC setup requests, if the connection setup fails, the RNC will choose a
new cell with the best quality for a further access attempt based on the cell measurement
information in the RACH measurement report carried in the RRC CONNECTION
REQUEST message, until all the available cells (candidate cells) fail and the number of
attempts reaches the maximum retry times. (4) Candidate cells are picked up as follows:
1) Read the current system time, calculate the buffering time of the cell measurement
value, and discards the cells of which the buffering time is bigger than MaxRelatingTime
2) Based on the measurement value in the buffered RACH report and the LinearFactor,
convert the estimated value of the current cell signal quality: cell measurement value
(CPICH Ec/ No) – buffer time (s) × LinearFactor (dB/s) 3) Put the cells of which the
estimated quality value is greater than DRDCSThreshold into the candidate set of the
direct retry algorithm. (5) Retry with the cell having the best estimated quality from the
candidate set cells. If retry fails, continue to retry, until the number of attempts reaches
the maximum retry times (DRMaxNumber). 2.2.9Principle for Generating Adjacent Cell
List There are two adjacent cell list control methods: 1. Adjacent cell list control method
based on the best cell 10-1-26 Confidential Page 23 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use When the adjacent cell list is controlled based on the best cell,
the basic policy is as follows: (1) If there only one cell, the adjacent cell list will be
controlled based on this cell; (2) If a cell is added by event 1D, after it is successfully
added, the adjacent cell list will be controlled based on this cell; (3) If a cell is added by
an event other than event 1D, the adjacent cell list will not be changed; (4) If the best cell
has not been removed, the adjacent cell list will not be changed; (5) If the best cell has
been removed, a new best cell will be selected based on the information obtained during
the removal action, and the adjacent cell list will be modified after successful removal of
the best cell; (6) If event 1D occurs on a cell in the active set, the adjacent cell list will be
modified. (7) This method is relative simple, but is may bring the problem of inaccurate
control for UEs under the macro diversity. 2. Control method based on all the cells in the
active set A control method that can take the adjacent cells of all the cells in the active set
is a good policy. The adjacent cell list is generated by means of the following method:
Step 1: Add active set cells; Step 2: Add the common adjacent cells of the cells of all the
active sets (3 active sets) into the adjacent cell list. If there are more than 32 adjacent
cells after this action, remove randomly cells added in this step; Step 3: Add the common

adjacent cells of every two active set cells into the adjacent cell list. If there are more than
32 adjacent cells after this action, remove randomly cells added in this step; Step 4:
Consider adding the common adjacent cells of each active set cell into the adjacent cell
list, starting from the adjacent cells of the best cell. If there are more than 32 adjacent
cells after this action, remove cells by starting from the worst cell. Note: The RNC V1.2
version supports the adjacent cell list control method based on the best cell. 3 Handover
Parameter Setting 10-1-26 Confidential Page 24 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use 3.1Description The MML client utility can be used for
handover parameter setting. This utility provide convenient command navigation and
function description, detailed usage and parameter descriptions of various commands.
Figure 10 MML Client According to the functioning scope, handover algorithm
parameter configuration commands are divided into categories: RNC-oriented global
parameter configuration and cell-oriented parameter configuration. Handover common
parameter configuration is RNC-oriented global parameter setting. Both RNC-oriented
setting commands and cell-oriented setting commands are available for the configuration
of intra-frequency handover measurement algorithm parameters, inter- frequency
handover measurement algorithm parameters and inter-system handover measurement
algorithm parameters. Generally, the adjustments of these parameters during network
optimization are all cell-oriented settings, while RNC-oriented global parameter
configuration commands facilitate modification of whole-network handover parameters.
For one same parameter, the cell-oriented command has higher priority. 10-1-26
Guidance For Intanal Use 3.2Handover Common Parameters 3.2.1Maximum Number of
Cells in Active Set Definition MaxCellInActiveSet, maximum number of cells in the
active set Scope Per RNC Range and unit Integer(1..3) Working range Integer(1..3)
Recommended value 3 Balance in setting Modification of value is not recommended.
Modification/query To configure this RNC-oriented global handover parameter, use the
command set hocomm; to view the current configuration of the parameter, use the
command lst hocomm. 3.2.2Penalty Time Definition PenaltyTime, cell penalty time
parameter, as described in Section 2.2.6. Scope Per RNC Range and unit Integer(1..255),
s. Working range Integer(1..60) Recommended value 30, namely the penalty time is 30
seconds Balance in setting The setting of this parameter is related to traffic statistics.
According to the general traffic statistics result, the average duration of a call is 60s, so
the actual value range of this parameter is 1 to 60 seconds. If this value is too small, the
resources will not be timely released, and therefore the penalty is meaningless; if this
value is too big, radio links will fail to be timely added, and this is bad for link QoS
improvement. Modification/query 10-1-26 Confidential Page 26 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use To configure this RNC-oriented global handover parameter,
use the command set hocomm; to view the current configuration of the parameter, use the
command lst hocomm. 3.2.3Event 6F Trigger Threshold Definition RxTxtoTrig6F, the
trigger threshold of event 6F. Namely, if the time interval between the UE’s downlink
receiving and the corresponding uplink transmission is greater than this absolute
threshold, event 6F will be triggered. Scope Per RNC Range and unit Integer(768..1280),

chip. Working range Integer(1024..1280)chip Recommended value 1172 Balance in
setting The value of this parameter should not be too close to 1024; otherwise radio links
will be removed too early. It is recommended that this parameter be adjusted within the
range of 1172±3 chips. To guarantee the 1-slot power control, decrease the value of this
parameter; otherwise, it could be increased. Modification/query To configure this RNC-
oriented global handover parameter, use the command set hocomm; to view the current
configuration of the parameter, use the command lst hocomm. 3.2.4Event 6G Trigger
Threshold Definition RxTxtoTrig6G, absolute threshold for triggering event 6G. Scope
Per RNC Range and unit Integer(768..1280), chip. Working range Integer(768..1024)chip
Recommended value 876 Balance in setting 10-1-26 Confidential Page 27 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use The value of this parameter should not be too close to 1024;
otherwise radio links will be removed too early. It is recommended that this parameter be
adjusted within the range of 876±3 chips. To guarantee the 1-slot power control, increase
the value of this parameter; otherwise, it could be increased. Modification/query To
configure this RNC-oriented global handover parameter, use the command set hocomm;
to view the current configuration of the parameter, use the command lst hocomm.
3.2.5Time-to-Trigger Parameters for Events 6F and 6G Definition Time-to-trigger
parameters for event 6F and event 6G, including TrigTime6F and TrigTime6G. Scope
Per RNC Range and unit Enum(D0, D10, D20, D40, D60, D80, D100, D120, D160,
D200, D240, D320, D640, D1280, D2560, D5000), ms. Working range Enum(0, 10, 20,
40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5000)ms Recommended value
D240. Balance in setting UE Rx-Tx time difference type1 is measured once per 100ms,
with measurement accuracy being 1.5 chips. To avoid wrong judgment caused by
measurement errors of the UE, a delay can be set in the event trigger time, so that the UE
can perform measurement at least twice for judgment. The time delay on internal
processing shall also be taken into consideration. We recommend that this parameter be
set at 240ms. Modification/query To configure this RNC-oriented global handover
parameter, use the command set hocomm; to view the current configuration of the
parameter, use the command lst hocomm. 3.2.6BE Service Handover Rate Decision
Threshold Definition BEBitRateThd. When the PS BE service rate exceeds this
threshold, intra-frequency hard handover will be implemented; when it is lower than this
threshold, soft handover will be implemented. Scope 10-1-26 Confidential Page 28 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use Per RNC Range and unit Enum (D8, D32, D64, D128, D144,
D256, D384), corresponding to (8k, 32k, 64k, 128k, 144k, 256k, 384k) bps. Working
range Enum(D8,D32,D64,D128,D144,D256,D384) Recommended value D64. Balance in
setting It is the rate decision threshold deciding whether soft handover is to be
implemented for the BE service. When the maximum rate of the BE service transmission
channel is smaller than this threshold, the system will perform soft handover for the
service user so as to ensure the QoS for the user; when the maximum rate of the BE
service transmission channel exceeds this threshold, the system will implement intra-
frequency hard handover for the service user so as to prevent excessive influence on the
system capacity caused by soft handover. Modification/query To configure this RNC-
oriented global handover parameter, use the command set hocomm; to view the current
configuration of the parameter, use the command lst hocomm. 3.2.7Soft Handover

Method Select Switch Definition SHOMechod, used to select the loose-mode algorithm
or the relative threshold algorithm for soft handover decision. Scope Per RNC Range and
unit Enum(SHO_METHOD1, SHO_METHOD2), soft handover algorithm 1, soft
handover algorithm 2 Working range Enum(SHO_METHOD1, SHOMETHOD2)
Recommended value Soft handover algorithm 2. Balance in setting Algorithm 1 is the
loose-mode algorithm that adds a cell into the active set no matter the cell triggers event
1A or event 1E, and removes a cell only after it triggers both event 1B and event 1F
simultaneously. Algorithm 2 is the relative threshold algorithm, which does 10-1-26
Guidance For Intanal Use not involve events 1E and 1F. It adds a cell into the active set
as soon as it triggers event 1A, and removes a cell from the active set as soon as it
triggers event 1B. Modification/query To configure this RNC-oriented global handover
parameter, use the command set hocomm; to view the current configuration of the
parameter, use the command lst hocomm. 3.2.8Handover Algorithm Switches Definition
This parameter defines the switches of various algorithms related to connection-oriented
handover. The specific algorithm parameters can function only after the corresponding
algorithm switches being enabled. Scope Per RNC Range and unit 32 bits,
0~4294967295; each bit can be set at 0 or 1 to control a handover algorithm. Currently
there are the 17 handover algorithm switches, arranged as follows from the lowest bit to
the highest: Soft handover Compressed mode maintenance algorithm at soft handover
synchronization Intra-frequency hard handover Inter-frequency hard handover 3G-2G
inter-system hard handover 2G-3G inter-system hard handover Compressed mode Uplink
compressed mode 6G & 6F measurement Cell penalty Location RTT enhanced location
Relocation Relocation based on time delay optimization Relocation based on Iur
transmission resource optimization CS UE relocation based on Iur transmission resource
optimization Direct retry Working range Integer(0~32767) Recommended value 1159,
namely 00000010010000111: 10-1-26 Confidential Page 30 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use Soft handover — On (1) Compressed mode maintenance
algorithm at soft handover synchronization — On (1) Intra-frequency hard handover —
On (1) Inter-frequency hard handover — Off (0) 3G-2G inter-system hard handover —
Off (0) 2G-3G inter-system hard handover— Off (0) Compressed mode — Off (0)
Uplink compressed mode — On (1) 6G & 6Fmeasurement — Off (0) Cell penalty — Off
(0) Location — On (1) RTT enhanced location — Off (0) Relocation — Off (0)
Relocation based on time delay optimization — Off (0) Relocation based on Iur
transmission resource optimization — Off (0) CS UE relocation based on Iur
transmission resource optimization — Off (0) Direct retry — Off (0) Balance in setting
Corresponding configuration should be carried out based on the implementation of each
version of algorithm. 1) Test compressed mode: compressed mode switch should be
enabled. 2) Test inter-frequency hard handover: inter-frequency hard handover +
compressed mode switch should be enabled. 3) Test inter-system hard handover : inter-
system handover enabled + compressed mode switch should be enabled. 4) Test
relocation: relocation enable switch — a main switch. When the main switch is off, the
following three will not function Relocation based on time delay optimization enable
switch Relocation based on Iur transmission resource optimization enable switch CS UE

relocation based on Iur transmission resource optimization enable switch
Modification/query For RNC-oriented settings, use the command set/lst corrmalgoswitch.
3.3Intra-Frequency Handover Measurement Algorithm Parameters 3.3.1Soft Handover
Relative Thresholds Definition 10-1-26 Confidential Page 31 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use These parameters define the difference between the quality of a
cell (currently it is evaluated with PCPICH Ec/No) and the overall quality of the active
set (if w=0, then it is the quality of the best cell). The relative threshold parameters for
soft handover include IntraRelThdFor1A (relative threshold for event 1A) and
IntraRelThdFor1B (relative threshold for event 1B). Scope Per RNC/CELL Range and
unit Integer(0~29), corresponding to 0 to 14.5dB; configuration step: 1 (0.5dB). Working
range Integer(0~16) Recommended value 10, namely, 5dB. Balance in setting Settings of
these parameters determine the size of the soft handover area and the soft handover
subscriber proportion. In a CDMA system, it is required that the UE proportion in soft
handover should be 30% to 40% so as to ensure smooth handover. Based on the
simulation result, when the relative thresholds are set at 5dB, the proportion of UEs in the
soft handover state (number of active set cells ≥ 2) is around 35%. It is recommended that
this value be slightly bigger in the early stage of deployment (5 to 7dB). To save system
resources, this figure can be gradually decreased with the growth of the number of
subscribers, but it must be bigger than 3dB. The default configuration is 5dB. In addition,
in special applications, different relative threshold values can be set for event 1A and
event 1B to reduce the ping-pong effect and change the soft handover proportion in some
special applications. For example, if the adjustment of the hysteresis values for events 1A
and 1B is insufficient for good control of the ping-pong effect, the relative threshold for
event 1B can be set larger than that for event A to reduce the ping-pong effect. However,
the relative thresholds for events 1A and 1B should generally be kept consistent; instead,
the time-to-trigger setting, L3 filter coefficient and hysteresis value should used to reduce
the ping-pong effect. Modification/query To implement cell-oriented settings, use the
commands add/mod/rmv/lst cellintrafreqho. Otherwise, use the RNC-oriented global
settings configured with the command set intrafreqho as the configuration for the
concerned cell. 3.3.2Soft Handover Absolute Thresholds Definition 10-1-26 Confidential
Page 32 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use These parameters correspond to the signal strength that
satisfies the basic QoS assurance. The soft handover absolute threshold parameters
include IntraAblThdFor1E (absolute threshold for event 1E) and IntraAblThdFor1F
(absolute threshold for event 1F). Scope Per RNC/CELL Range and unit Integer(-20..-
10), dB. Working range Integer(-20..-10)dB Recommended value -18. Balance in setting
This value is the absolute threshold value used in the measurement reports of events 1E
and 1F in the soft handover algorithm, corresponding to the signal strength that satisfies
the basic QoS assurance. This value affects the trigger of events 1E and 1F. Because an
absolute threshold is only a necessary condition, but not a sufficient one, for access
judgment, this value should be relative loose. With value settings in IS-95 and the lower
threshold of -20dB, -18dB is deemed to be a reasonable value. Modification/query To
implement cell-oriented settings, use the commands add/mod/rmv/lst cellintrafreqho.
Otherwise, use the RNC-oriented global settings configured with the command set

intrafreqho as the configuration for the concerned cell. 3.3.3Intra-Frequency
Measurement Filter Coefficient (FilterCoef) Definition The measurement filtering
coefficient used in L3 filtering of intra-frequency measurement report Scope Per
RNC/CELL Range and unit Enum(D0, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D11, D13,
D15, D17, D19), corresponding to (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19) Working
range Enum(D0, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8) Recommended value D5, namely 5
Balance in setting The following formula is used for the calculation of measurement
value filtering: 10-1-26 Confidential Page 33 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use Fn = (1 − a ) ⋅ Fn −1 + a ⋅ M n Where, Fn: the updated
measurement result after filtering processing. Fn-1: the old measurement result of the
previous moment after filtering processing. Mn: The latest measurement value received
from the physical layer. a = (1/2)(k/2), where, k is from IE "Filter coefficient", namely
“FilterCoef” here. When k=0 and a=1, L3 filtering is not implemented. According to R2-
000809, we recommend that the commonly used value of the filter coefficient be in the
range of {0,1,2,3,4,5,6}. The bigger the filter coefficient is, the stronger the burr filtering
capability will be, but the weaker the signal tracking capability will be. Therefore, a
balance must be made. Calculated based on the typical handover area size [3], the
distance between two NodeBs is 1000m, while calculated based on the 40%soft handover
ratio of the entire system, the typical handover distance between two cells is about 150m.
A mobile station that is moving at the speed of 20km/h goes across the handover area in
averagely 20 to 30 seconds, while it takes only 5 to 6 seconds for a mobile station that is
moving at the speed of 100km/h to go across the handover area. When such factors as
hysteresis and trigger delay in event judgment are taken into account, the tacking time
needs to be further reduced. Based on the analysis above, FilterCoef should be configured
as follows: 5 as the default setting for intra-frequency filter coefficient, and this
parameter can be adjusted according to the actual situation. In addition, for different cell
coverage types, typical values are recommended as follows: a, if the cell covers urban
area, the intra-frequency filter coefficient can be 7; b, if the cell covers suburbs, the intra-
frequency filter coefficient can be 6; c, if the cell covers rural area, the intra-frequency
filter coefficient can be 3. Table 1 Filter Coefficient vs. Intra-Frequency Tracking Time
Filter 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 coefficient Iteration 1 2 3 5 7 10 15 21 30 42 85 times The
table above lists the iteration times required when different filter coefficients are used to
obtain 85% of the final output value. According to 25.133, in the CELL_DCH state, L1
reports the intra-frequency measurement result to L3 at a cycle of 200ms. When the
iteration times are substituted with Intra-frequency tracking time, the table above will
become: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 Filter coefficient Intra- 0.2 0.4 0.6 1 1.4 2 3 4.2 6 8.4 17
frequency tracking time (s) 10-1-26 Confidential Page 34 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use Modification/query To implement cell-oriented settings, use
the commands add/mod/rmv/lst cellintrafreqho. Otherwise, use the RNC-oriented global
settings configured with the command set/lst intrafreqho as the configuration for the
concerned cell. 3.3.4Hysteresis Related to Soft Handover Definition Hysteresis for event
triggering, including Hystfor1A, Hystfor1B, Hystfor1C, Hystfor1D, Hystfor1E and
Hystfor1F Scope Per RNC/CELL Range and unit Integer(0..15) , corresponding to
0..7.5dB; configuration step 1(0.5dB) Working range table 1Recommended Soft

Handover Hysteresis Settings for Different Movement Speeds Speed (km/h) Range
Recommended Value 5 6~10(3~5dB) 10(5dB) 50 4~10(2~5dB) 6(3dB) 120 2~6(1~3dB)
2(1dB) Typical configuration 4~10(2~5dB) 6(3dB) Recommended value 6(3dB) for
events 1A and 1E, and 8(4dB) for events Balance in setting For UEs entering the soft
handover area, increase of the hysteresis value means decrease of the soft handover
range, while for UEs leaving the soft handover area, it means increase of the soft
handover range. If the number of UEs entering the handover area is the same as the
number of UEs leaving the handover area, there will be no influence on the actual soft
handover proportion. The bigger the hysteresis value is, the stronger the signal fluctuation
resistance capability will be, and thus the better the ping-pong effect will be suppressed,
but the slower the handover algorithm can react on signal changes. Therefore, in the
setting of this parameter, not only the radio environment (slow fading characteristic) but
also the actual handover distance and the UE movement speed should be taken into due
consideration. The setting of this parameter can be adjusted within the range of 2 to 5dB.
As events that add cells to the active set, 1A and 1E are critical events. In order to ensure
timely handover, the hysteresis value for event 1A can be smaller, but not be too smaller,
than those for 1B, 1F, 1C and 1D; otherwise, the soft handover proportion will be
affected. 10-1-26 Confidential Page 35 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use In addition, In addition, hysteresis adjustment should generally
be considered together with the filter coefficient and time-to-trigger settings.
Modification/query To implement cell-oriented settings, use the commands
add/mod/rmv/lst cellintrafreqho. Otherwise, use the RNC-oriented global settings
configured with the command set intrafreqho as the configuration for the concerned cell.
3.3.5Time-to-Trigger Parameters Related to Soft Handover Definition Time-to-trigger
parameters, including TrigTime1A, TrigTime1B, TrigTime1C, TrigTime1D, TrigTime1E
and TrigTime1F, corresponding to the six events for intra-frequency measurement
respectively. Scope Per RNC/CELL Range and unit Enum(D0, D10, D20, D40, D60,
D80, D100, D120, D160, D200, D240, D320, D640, D1280, D2560, D5000),
corresponding to (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280, 2560,
5000)ms Working range Enum(D0, D200, D240, D640, D1280, D2560, D5000)
Recommended value table 2Recommended Time-to-Trigger Settings for Different
Movement Speeds Speed (km/h) Range (ms) Recommended value (ms) 5 640, 1280 1280
50 240, 640 640 120 240, 640 640 Typical configuration 640, 1280 640 Balance in
setting Simulation shows that the setting of the hysteresis value can effectively reduce the
average handover times and mis-handover times, and thus can prevent the occurrence of
unwanted handover. The bigger the hysteresis value is, the less the average handover
timers will be. However, the increase of the hysteresis value will bring more risks of call
drop. It is stipulated in TS 25.133V3.6.0 that the physical layer of intra-frequency
measurement updates the measurement result every 200ms. Therefore, a time-to-trigger
value below 200ms does not make any practical sense, and it should be as close as
possible to an integral multiple of 200ms. In addition, simulation also shows that mobile
stations moving at different speeds respond differently to the time-to-trigger value. The
call drop rate is more sensitive to the time-to-trigger value when the mobile station is in
high- speed movement, while it is less sensitive when the mobile station is in low-speed
10-1-26 Confidential Page 36 of 52

Guidance For Intanal Use movement, and ping-pong handover and mis-handover are
suppressed to a certain extent. Therefore, for cells where there are more high-speed
moving mobile stations, this value can be relatively small, while for cells where there are
more low-speed moving mobile stations, this value can be relatively big. Different types
of events have different requirements on the time-to-trigger setting: events that add cells
to the active set (event 1A and event 1E) generally require a small time-to-trigger setting,
while events that replace cells in the active set (event 1C and event 1D) generally require
low ping-pong handover and mis-handover and do have produce remarkable influence on
the call drop rate. For the latter type of events, the time-to-trigger setting can be properly
big. For events that remove cells from the active set (event 1Band event 1F), the time-to-
trigger value is set mainly to reduce ping-pong handover; the initial setting can be the
same as that for event 1A and event 1E, and can be properly adjusted based on the actual
network statistics result. Modification/query To implement cell-oriented settings, use the
commands add/mod/rmv/lst cellintrafreqho. Otherwise, use the RNC-oriented global
settings configured with the command set intrafreqho as the configuration for the
concerned cell. 3.3.6WEIGHT Definition Weighted factor (see formulas on Section
2.1.1) Scope Per RNC/CELL Range and unit Integer(0..20), corresponding to 0..2; step:
0.1 Working range Integer(0..10) Recommended value 10, namely 1 Balance in setting
This parameter is used to determine the soft handover relative threshold based on the
measurement value of each cell in the active set. The bigger this parameter is, the higher
the relative threshold obtained under the same condition will be. When W=0, the
determination of soft handover relative threshold is related to only the best cell in the
active set. Modification/query 10-1-26 Confidential Page 37 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use To implement cell-oriented settings, use the commands
add/mod/rmv/lst cellintrafreqho. Otherwise, use the RNC-oriented global settings
configured with the command set intrafreqho as the configuration for the concerned cell.
3.3.7Detected Set Statistics Switch Definition DetectStatSwitch, used to control whether
the UE measurement report contains the information of cells in the detected set, so as to
provide statistics data for future network optimization. Scope Per RNC/CELL Range and
unit Enum(ON, OFF) Working range Enum(ON,OFF) Recommended value OFF Balance
in setting In the beginning of network operation, when you are not absolutely sure about
the adjacent cell configuration, this switch can be set to ON so that missed adjacent cells
can be detected and thus handover can be smoothly implemented. After network
optimization, this switch can be set to OFF. Modification/query To implement cell-
oriented settings, use the commands add/mod/rmv/lst cellintrafreqho. Otherwise, use the
RNC-oriented global settings configured with the command set intrafreqho as the
configuration for the concerned cell. 3.4Inter-Frequency Handover Algorithm Parameters
3.4.1Inter-Frequency Measurement Filter Coefficient (FilterCoef) Definition The
measurement smoothening coefficient used in L3 filtering of inter-frequency
measurement report Scope Per RNC/CELL Range and unit 10-1-26 Confidential Page 38
of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use Enum(D0, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D11, D13,

Balance in setting The following formula is used for the calculation of measurement
value filtering: Fn = (1 − a ) ⋅ Fn −1 + a ⋅ M n Where, Fn: the updated measurement result
after filtering processing. Fn-1: the old measurement result of the previous moment after
filtering processing. Mn: The latest measurement value received from the physical layer.
a = (1/2)(k/2), where, k is from IE "Filter coefficient", namely “FilterCoef” here. When
k=0 and a=1, L3 filtering is not implemented. According to R2-000809, we recommend
that the commonly used value of the filter coefficient be in the range of {0,1,2,3,4,5,6}.
The bigger the filter coefficient is, the stronger the burr filtering capability will be, but
the weaker the signal tracking capability will be. Therefore, a balance must be made. For
different cell coverage types, typical values are recommended as follows: a, if the cell
covers urban area, the inter-frequency filter coefficient can be 7; b, if the cell covers
suburbs, the inter-frequency filter coefficient can be 6; c, if the cell covers rural area, the
inter-frequency filter coefficient can be 3. Modification/query To implement cell-oriented
settings, use the commands add/mod/rmv/lst cellinterfreqho. Otherwise, use the RNC-
oriented global settings configured with the command set interfreqho as the configuration
for the concerned cell. 3.4.2Cell Location Property Definition CellProperty (cell location
property), indicating whether the cell is located at the verge or center of the carrier
coverage. Scope Per CELL Range and unit
Enum(CARRIER_FREQUENCY_VERGE_CELL,
CARRIER_FREQUENCY_CENTER_CELL), (cell located at carrier coverage verge /
cell located at carrier coverage center) Working range 10-1-26 Confidential Page 39 of
52
Guidance For Intanal Use Enum(CARRIER_FREQUENCY_VERGE_CELL,
CARRIER_FREQUENCY_CENTER_CELL) Recommended value None Balance in
setting If a cell has intra-frequency adjacent cells around it in all directions, this cell is
located at the center of carrier coverage; otherwise, it is located at the verge of carrier
coverage. The location property of a cell determines whether RSCP or Ec/No should be
used as the measurement object for event 2D and event 2F. Modification/query For cell-
oriented settings, use the command add/mod/rmv/lst cellinterfreqho. 3.4.3Hysteresis
Related to Inter-Frequency Handover Definition Hysteresis for event triggering,
including Hystfor2D (hysteresis for event 2D), Hystfor2F (hysteresis for event 2F) and
HystforHHO (hysteresis for hard handover) Scope Per RNC/CELL Range and unit
Integer(0..15) , corresponding to 0..7.5dB; configuration step 1(0.5dB) Working range
table 3Recommended Inter-Frequency Hard Handover Hysteresis Settings for Different
Movement Speeds Speed (km/h) Range Recommended Value 5 6~10(3~5dB) 10(5dB)
50 4~10(2~5dB) 6(3dB) 120 2~6(1~3dB) 2(1dB) Typical configuration 4~10(2~5dB)
6(3dB) Recommended value 6(3dB) Balance in setting The bigger the hysteresis value is,
the stronger the signal fluctuation resistance capability will be, and thus the better the
ping-pong effect will be suppressed, but the slower the handover algorithm can react on
signal changes. Therefore, in the setting of this parameter, not only the radio environment
(slow fading characteristic) but also the actual handover distance and the UE movement
speed should be taken into due consideration. The setting of this parameter can be
adjusted within the range of 2 to 5dB. In addition, hysteresis adjustment should generally

be considered together with the filter coefficient and time-to-trigger settings.
Modification/query 10-1-26 Confidential Page 40 of 52
add/mod/rmv/lst cellinterfreqho. Otherwise, use the RNC-oriented global settings
configured with the command set interfreqho as the configuration for the concerned cell.
3.4.4Time-to-Trigger Parameters Related to Inter-Frequency Hard Handover Definition
Time-to-trigger parameters, including TrigTime2D (time-to-trigger for event 2D),
TrigTime2F (time-to-trigger for event 2F) and TrigTimeHHO (time-to-trigger for hard
handover) Scope Per RNC/CELL Range and unit Enum(D0, D10, D20, D40, D60, D80,
D100, D120, D160, D200, D240, D320, D640, D1280, D2560, D5000), corresponding to
(0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5000)ms The value
range of TrigTimeHHO is 0 to 64000ms Working range Enum(D0, D200, D240, D640,
D1280, D2560, D5000) Recommended value table 4Recommended Inter-Frequency
Hard Handover Time-to-Trigger Settings for Different Movement Speeds Speed (km/h)
Range (ms) Recommended value (ms) 5 640, 1280 1280 50 240, 640 640 120 240, 640
640 Typical configuration 640, 1280 640 Balance in setting Simulation shows that the
setting of the hysteresis value can effectively reduce the average handover times and mis-
handover times, and thus can prevent the occurrence of unwanted handover. The bigger
the hysteresis value is, the less the average handover timers will be. However, the
increase of the hysteresis value will bring more risks of call drop. It is stipulated in TS
25.133V3.6.0 that the physical layer of intra-frequency measurement updates the
measurement result every 200ms. Therefore, a time-to-trigger value below 200ms does
not make any practical sense, and it should be as close as possible to an integral multiple
of 200ms. In addition, simulation also shows that mobile stations moving at different
speeds respond differently to the time-to-trigger value. The call drop rate is more
sensitive to the time-to-trigger value when the mobile station is in high- speed movement,
while it is less sensitive when the mobile station is in low-speed movement, and ping-
pong handover and mis-handover are suppressed to a certain extent. Therefore, for cells
where there are more high-speed moving mobile stations, this value 10-1-26 Confidential
Page 41 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use can be relatively small, while for cells where there are more
low-speed moving mobile stations, this value can be relatively big. The setting can be
properly adjusted based on the actual network statistics result. Modification/query To
implement cell-oriented settings, use the commands add/mod/rmv/lst cellinterfreqho.
interfreqho as the configuration for the concerned cell. 3.4.5Compressed Mode
Enable/Disable Threshold Denoted by RSCP Definition This parameter corresponds to
the absolute thresholds for inter-frequency measurement events when RSCP is used as
the measurement object, including InterThdUsedFreqFor2DRSCP (absolute threshold for
event 2D) and InterThdUsedFreqFor2FRSCP (absolute threshold for event 2F) Scope Per
RNC/CELL Range and unit Integer(-115..-25), dBm. Working range Integer(-115..-
25)dBm Recommended value -95dBm Balance in setting Events 2D and 2F are the
switches to enable/disable the compressed mode. When the cell is located the verge of
carrier coverage, the RSCP measurement value will be used as the decision criterion for

event 2D and event 2F. Therefore, if you hope to enable the compressed mod as early as
possible, set a big value; otherwise, set a small value. Modification/query To implement
cell-oriented settings, use the commands add/mod/rmv/lst cellinterfreqho. Otherwise, use
the RNC-oriented global settings configured with the command set interfreqho as the
configuration for the concerned cell. 3.4.6Compressed Mode Enable/Disable Threshold
Denoted by Ec/No Definition This parameter corresponds to the absolute thresholds for
inter-frequency measurement events when Ec/No is used as the measurement object,
including InterThdUsedFreqFor2DEcNo (absolute threshold for event 2D) and
InterThdUsedFreqFor2FEcNo (absolute threshold for event 2F) Scope 10-1-26
Guidance For Intanal Use Per RNC/CELL Range and unit Integer(-24..0), dB. Working
range Integer(-24..0)dB Recommended value -24dB Balance in setting Events 2D and 2F
are the switches to enable/disable the compressed mode. When the cell is located the
center of carrier coverage, the Ec/No measurement value will be used as the decision
criterion for event 2D and event 2F. Therefore, if you hope to enable the compressed mod
as early as possible, set a big value; otherwise, set a small value. Modification/query To
implement cell-oriented settings, use the commands add/mod/rmv/lst cellinterfreqho.
interfreqho as the configuration for the concerned cell. 3.4.7Inter-Frequency Hard
Handover RSCP Threshold Definition This parameter corresponds to the absolute
threshold for inter-frequency hard handover when RSCP is used for measurement,
HHOThdRSCP. Scope Per RNC/CELL Range and unit Integer(-115..-25), dBm.
Working range Integer(-115..-25)dBm Recommended value -85dBm Balance in setting
When RSCP is used as the physical measurement quantity and the quality of the measure
cell is higher than this threshold, this cell can be used as the target cell for inter-frequency
hard handover. If this cell is located at the verge of carrier coverage, the periodic reported
RSCP measurement value will be used as the decision criterion for inter-frequency hard
handover. If this value is too big, call drop is likely to occur due to failure of timely
initiation of inter-frequency hard handover; if it is too small, it may result in excessively
frequent verge hard handover. Modification/query 10-1-26 Confidential Page 43 of 52
3.4.8Inter-Frequency Hard Handover Ec/No Threshold Definition This parameter
corresponds to the absolute threshold for inter-frequency hard handover when Ec/No is
used for measurement, HHOThdEcNo. Scope Per RNC/CELL Range and unit Integer(-
24..0), dB. Working range Integer(-24..0)dB Recommended value -16dB Balance in
setting When Ec/No is used as the physical measurement quantity and the quality of the
measure cell is higher than this threshold, this cell can be used as the target cell for inter-
frequency hard handover. If this cell is located at the center of carrier coverage, the
Ec/No measurement value will be used as the decision criterion for inter-frequency hard
handover. If this value is too big, call drop is likely to occur due to failure of timely
initiation of inter-frequency hard handover; if it is too small, it may result in excessively
frequent verge hard handover or call drop after handover due to weak signals of the target

cell. Modification/query To implement cell-oriented settings, use the commands
3.5inter-system handover measurement algorithm parameter 3.5.1inter-system
measurement filter coefficient FilterCoef Definition The measurement smoothening
coefficient used in L3 filtering of inter-system measurement report Scope Per
RNC/CELL Range and unit 10-1-26 Confidential Page 44 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use Enum(D0, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D11, D13,
Balance in setting See Section 3.4.1. The bigger this parameter value is, the better the
signal filtering effect will be, and the stronger the anti-fading capability will be, but the
weaker the signal tracking capability will be. Modification/query To implement cell-
oriented settings, use the commands add/mod/rmv/lst cellinterratho. Otherwise, use the
RNC-oriented global settings configured with the command set interratho as the
configuration for the concerned cell. 3.5.2Inter-System Hard Handover Decision
Threshold Definition GSMRssiThd, namely the RSSI threshold required for handover to
the GSM system. Scope Per RNC/CELL Range and unit Integer(0..63), corresponding
relation: (1:-110; 2:-109; ...; 63:-48 ) dBm. Working range Integer(0..63) Recommended
value 26, namely -85dBm Balance in setting The quality requirement for inter-system
cells during inter-system handover. Note: ”0” in the parameter value range means the
value is smaller than -110dBm. This value should be adjusted according to the actual
network situation. Modification/query To implement cell-oriented settings, use the
commands add/mod/rmv/lst cellinterratho. Otherwise, use the RNC-oriented global
settings configured with the command set interratho as the configuration for the
concerned cell 3.5.3Inter-system Hard Handover Hysteresis Definition HystThd, inter-
system hard handover hysteresis. Scope 10-1-26 Confidential Page 45 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use Per RNC/CELL Range and unit Integer(0..15), corresponding
to 0..7.5dB; configuration step: 1(0.5dB) Working range Integer(0..15) Recommended
value 4(2dB) Balance in setting This parameter and the inter-system quality threshold
jointly decide whether to trigger a inter-system handover decision. This value can be
properly decreased in areas with small shadow fading and properly increased in areas
with big shadow fading. Modification/query To implement cell-oriented settings, use the
commands add/mod/rmv/lst cellinterratho. Otherwise, use the RNC-oriented global
settings configured with the command set interratho as the configuration for the
concerned cell. 3.5.4Time-to-Trigger Parameter for Inter-System Hard Handover
Definition TimeToTrigForSysHo, time to trigger Scope Per RNC/CELL Range and unit
Enum(D0, D10, D20, D40, D60, D80, D100, D120, D160, D200, D240, D320, D640,
D1280, D2560, D5000), corresponding to (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240,
320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5000)ms The value range of TimeToTrigForSysHo is 0 to
64000ms Working range Enum(D0, D200, D240, D640, D1280, D2560, D5000)
Recommended value 5000 Balance in setting If the inter-system quality satisfies the
decision condition for inter-system handover within the time specified by this parameter,
the network will start the inter-system handover process. For cells where there are more

high-speed moving mobile stations, this value can be relatively small, while for cells
where there are more low-speed moving mobile stations, this value can be relatively big.
The setting can be properly adjusted based on the actual network statistics result.
Modification/query 10-1-26 Confidential Page 46 of 52
add/mod/rmv/lst cellinterratho. Otherwise, use the RNC-oriented global settings
configured with the command set interratho as the configuration for the concerned cell.
3.5.5Inter-System Measurement Periodic Report Interval Definition RptInterval, the time
interval at which the UE reports the inter-system measurement result to the RNC. Scope
Per RNC/CELL Range and unit Enum(D250, D500, D1000, D2000, D3000, D4000,
D6000, D8000, D12000, D16000, D20000, D24000, D28000, D32000, D64000)
,corresponding to the physical range of (250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, 8000,
12000, 16000, 20000, 24000, 28000, 32000, 64000) ms Working range Enum(D250,
D500, D1000, D2000, D3000, D4000, D6000, D8000, D12000, D16000, D20000,
D24000, D28000, D32000, D64000) Recommended value D1000 Balance in setting If
the value this parameter is too big, the measurement result may fail to be timely reported,
and thus the best handover chance may be missed, resulting in handover failure. If the
value of this parameter is too small, the measurement result will be frequently reported,
resulting in increase of the signaling burden of the system. Modification/query To
implement cell-oriented settings, use the commands add/mod/rmv/lst cellinterratho.
interratho as the configuration for the concerned cell. 3.6Compressed Mode Algorithm
Parameter 3.6.1CFN Offset to Enable Compressed Mode Definition DeltaCFN. In order
to ensure that the UE and the NodeB enable the compressed mode simultaneously, the
delay of the compressed mode enabling moment in relation to the current processing
moment should be preset. Scope Per RNC 10-1-26 Confidential Page 47 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use Range and unit Integer(0..255) , frame Working range
Integer(0..255)frame Recommended value 80 Balance in setting The value of this
parameter depends on the sum of the maximum delay in the transmission of signaling
from the RNC to the UE and NodeB and hardware preparation time required to start the
compressed mode, and it is generally between 500 and 1500ms. In WCDMA, the
duration of one frame is 10ms, so the recommended value of this parameter is between 50
and 150. Modification/query To configure this RNC-oriented global handover parameter,
use the command set cmcf; to view the current configuration of the parameter, use the
command lst cmcf. 3.6.2Spreading Factor Threshold Definition SFTurnPoint, a
parameter used to select the compressed mode implementation method. When the
spreading factor used in the downlink is greater than or equal to this parameter, the
compressed mode will be implemented in priority by means of the spreading factor minus
half; otherwise the compressed mode will be implemented by means of the punching
method in priority. Scope Per RNC/CELL Range and unit
Enum(D4,D8,D16,D32,D64,D128,D256), corresponding to 4,8,16,32,64,128,256
Working range Enum(D4,D8,D16,D32,D64,D128,D256) Recommended value D64
Balance in setting None Modification/query To configure this RNC-oriented global
handover parameter, use the command set cmcf; to view the current configuration of the

parameter, use the command lst cmcf. Alternatively, use the command add/mod/lst/rmv
cellcmcf to add/modify/remove cell- oriented parameter settings, which has a higher
priority. 10-1-26 Confidential Page 48 of 52
Guidance For Intanal Use 3.7Direct Retry Algorithm Parameter 3.7.1Maximum Direct
Retry Times Definition DRMaxNumber, the maximum allowed retry times for the direct
retry module after the initial failure, as described in Section 2.2.8. Scope Per RNC Range
and unit Integer(1..5) Working range Integer(1..5) Recommended value 2 Balance in
setting None Modification/query To configure this RNC-oriented global handover
parameter, use the command set drd; to view the current configuration of the parameter,
use the command lst drd. 3.7.2Candidate Set Absolute Threshold Definition CsThreshold.
When the signal quality of a cell is higher than this threshold, this cell will be included in
the direct retry candidate set. Scope Per RNC/CELL Range and unit Integer(-19..0)
Working range Integer(-19..0) Recommended value -16 Balance in setting After the UE
fails to initiate an access process, the direct retry algorithm will automatically initiate
direct retry request to the cells in the candidate set. If this threshold is too high, it will be
difficult for the adjacent cells to enter the candidate set, and thus the UE will not be able
to access timely the adjacent cells, which makes direct retry meaningless; if this threshold
is too low, many cells can enter the candidate set but they may be all of low quality, and a
large amount of time will be used on retry attempts, which will all turn out to 10-1-26
Guidance For Intanal Use be failures. Modification/query To configure this RNC-
oriented global handover parameter, use the command set drd; to view the current
configuration of the parameter, use the command lst drd. Alternatively, use the command
add/mod/lst/rmv celldrd to add/modify/remove cell-oriented parameter settings, which
has a higher priority. 3.7.3Minimum Ec/No Value Definition MinSignalRequired. The
basic access threshold described in Section 2.2.8, namely the minimum requirement of
the UE form the receiving CPICH Ec/No density during normal demodulation. Scope Per
RNC/CELL Range and unit Integer(-19..0) Working range Integer(-19..0) Recommended
value -18 Balance in setting In the direct retry algorithm, the cell signal measurement
value in the RACH report must be higher than this threshold before the direct retry
algorithm can consider this cell; otherwise the cells with poor signal quality will be
neglected. This parameter and the candidate set absolute threshold can jointly prevent the
occurrence of latter case mentioned above. Modification/query To configure this RNC-
oriented global handover parameter, Use the command set drd; to view the current
configuration of the parameter, use the command lst drd. Alternatively, use the command
add/mod/lst/rmv celldrd to add/modify/remove cell-oriented parameter settings, which
has a higher priority. 3.7.4Linear Factor of Relative Threshold and Time Interval
Definition LinearFactor, the linear factor for the relative threshold and time interval
during candidate set selection, as described in Section 2.2.8. Scope Per RNC Range and
unit Integer(0..100), which means 0 to 1.00; step: 0.01 10-1-26 Confidential Page 50 of
52
Guidance For Intanal Use Working range Integer(0..100) Recommended value 80
Balance in setting This parameter reflects to what an extent the signal quality varies with

the time. In areas with big shadow fading (such as a town center full of tall buildings),
this parameter can be properly increased, while in areas with small shadow fading (such
as open areas or the suburbs), this parameter can be properly decreased.
Modification/query To configure this RNC-oriented global handover parameter, Use the
command set drd; to view the current configuration of the parameter, use the command
lst drd. 3.7.5Maximum Relating Time for Direct Retry Decision Definition
MaxRelatingTime, the maximum time that the RACH measurement report can continue
to be used for the direct retry candidate set. Scope Per RNC Range and unit
Integer(0..29), meaning 0 to 2900ms; step: 100 Working range Integer(0..29)
Recommended value 20 Balance in setting If the duration from the time the measurement
report is received to the time the measurement report is processed exceeds the value of
this parameter, the measurement report will become invalid. This parameter reflects the
maximum effective time of the measurement report used for direct retry. If the value of
this parameter is too big, the measurement result used for judgment may vary from the
actual situation due too long a duration and affect the judgment; if it is too small, then a
lot of useful measurement information is likely to be discarded. Modification/query To
configure this RNC-oriented global handover parameter, Use the command set drd; to
view the current configuration of the parameter, use the command lst drd. 10-1-26
Guidance For Intanal Use List of references: [1] 3GPP R99 25_series, 2002/09 [2] Xie
Zhibin, 3Ghandover planning, 2001/08 [3] Li Zhen, WCDMA RNC V100R002 RAA
Handover Algorithm Requirement Specification, 2003/6 [4] Li Zhen, WCDMA RNC
V100R002 RAA Handover Parameter Configuration Specification, 2003/10 [5] Zhou
Xinjie, WCDMA RNP System Parameter Setting Guidance, 2003/04 10-1-26

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