This document discusses white blood cell formation and regulation. It begins by explaining that leukopoiesis (white blood cell formation) is mainly regulated by cytokines like colony stimulating factors, interleukins, and tumor necrosis factors which are produced by tissues like T lymphocytes, monocytes, fibroblasts and organs like the liver and kidneys. It then goes on to describe various conditions that can cause changes in different white blood cell counts, including physiological and pathological causes of neutrophilia, neutropenia, eosinophilia, basophilia, lymphocytosis, lymphocytopenia, monocytosis and monocytopenia. Examples of diseases or situations associated with increases or decreases in specific white blood cell types are provided. The document concludes by listing

1. WBC Formation
and
Regulation
Dr. Pandian M.
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Physiology
ZMCH, Dahod.

12. Regulation of Leucopoiesis
• Leucopoiesis is mainly regulated by cytokines,
especially, colony stimulating factors (CSFs),
interleukins and tumor necrosis factors (TNFs).
• T lymphocytes, monocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial
cells, liver and kidney are the major sources of
hemopoietic growth factors (HGFs)

38. Conditions that alter different cell counts

40. Neutrophilia
A. Physiological
l. Exercise
2. Pregnancy
3. Parturition
4. Food intake
5. Emotional stress
6. Exposure to cold

41. B. Pathological
1. Acute pyogenic infections, for e.g, tonsillitis,
pneumonia
2. Noninfective inflammations, for e.g, rheumatic
fever
3. Noninflammatory conditions, for e.g, myocardial
infarction, pulmonary embolism ·
4. Acute hemorrhage
5. Muscle trauma, for e.g, following surgery
6. Leukemia, for e.g, chronic myeloid leukemia
7. Toxic conditions, for e.g, uremia, hepatic coma
8. Coticosteroid therapy

42. Neutropenia
A. Physiological
Physiological neutropenia is very rare.
Sometimes, it occurs after chronic exposure
to severe cold.

43. Pathological
1. Starvation and debility
2. Typhoid and paratyphoid fever
3. Aplastic anemia (bone marrow failure)
4. Parasitic infections, like malaria, kala azar
5. Viral infections, like measles, influenza,
viral
hepatitis
6. Hypersplenism
7. Drug-induced neutropenia

45. Eosinophilia
1. Allergic conditions
Bronchial asthma
Urticaria
Food allergy
Hay fever
2. Parasitic infestations
Hookworm
Filariasis
Hydatid disease
3. Skin diseases
Psoriasis
Pemphigus
4. Collagen diseases
Periarteritis nodosa
5. Hodgkin's disease
6. Addison 's disease
7. Certain leukemias

46. Eosinopenia
1. ACTH therapy
2. Cushing's disease
3. Acute pyogenic infections
4. Aplastic anemia

48. Basophilia
1. Chronic myeloid leukemia
2. Polycythemia
Basophilopenia
It occurs rarely, as seen in severe
septicemia or aplastic anemia

50. Lymphocytosis
1. Chronic infections
Tuberculosis
Pertussis (whooping cough)
Syphilis
Brucellosis
2. Infectious mononucleosis
3. Lymphocytic leukemia
4. Lymphomas
5. Viral infections

51. Lymphocytopenia
1. lmmunosuppressive therapy
2. ACTH therapy
3. Hodgkin's disease
4. Bone marrow failure

53. Monocytosis
1. Protozoan diseases
Malaria
Kala azar
2. Hodgkin's disease
3. Monocytic or myelomonocytic leukemia
4. ACTH therapy

54. Monocytopenia (rare)
1. Bone marrow failure
2. Aplastic anemia
3. Septicemia

63. References
• Text book of Medical Physiology 14th edition
Guyton & Hall
• Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 26
edition.
• Human Physiology
– Vander
• Text book of Medical Physiology
– Indukurana
• Hutchinson Clinical Methods

64. THANK YOU . . .