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There are two main types of waves: mechanical waves, which require a medium like matter or liquid to travel through, such as sound waves, water ripples, and seismic waves; and electromagnetic waves, which do not require a medium and can travel through space, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and gamma rays. Mechanical waves can be transverse, with particle displacement perpendicular to propagation, or longitudinal, with particle displacement parallel to propagation.




