Schematic illustration of linkages between fully-engineered (ovals) and partially- or non-engineered (rectangles) components of a coastal water system.
The document discusses water sources and infrastructure in Laguna Niguel, California. It notes that water comes from local groundwater basins and the Colorado River via aqueduct. It identifies issues like erosion of dams, trash in water sources, and sewer lines near creeks that could contaminate water. It also shows photos of water treatment plants, storage lakes, and storm drainage systems, highlighting the complex water collection and distribution system.
This document discusses the importance of water preservation and proper waste disposal. It explains that fertilizers and detergents that run into water supplies from farms and households are pollutants that harm human health. All waste materials should be recycled or disposed of properly rather than dumped in water reserves, to avoid contaminating drinking water sources like rivers and lakes. Effective waste disposal methods include compost pits, biogas from waste, and converting sewage into power or fertilizer. Communities must be aware of sanitation and prevent pollution to protect limited water resources.
Urban Water Quality Issues - Introduction to Urban Stormwaternacaa
This document discusses urban stormwater and best management practices. It summarizes that in urban areas, less water infiltrates into the ground and more runs off as stormwater. This stormwater can transport pollutants like nutrients, sediment and bacteria. Common stormwater best management practices discussed are wet ponds, wetlands, bio-retention areas, permeable pavements, riparian buffers, and water harvesting.
Water covers over 70% of the Earth's surface. Although most is salt water, around 2.7% is fresh water found in ice, icebergs, and underground sources. We rely on water for many important uses like drinking, hygiene, recreation, tourism, sustaining plant and animal habitats, and transportation. Raw water is pumped from underground sources and purified through processes like adding ammonia, chlorine, and oxygen to kill bacteria before entering our water supplies. Water pollution from sources like industrial waste, vehicle and ship exhaust, and unorganized trash disposal threatens water quality and wildlife.
Riparian areas are located between streams or rivers and dry upland areas. They help maintain water quality by trapping sediment, reducing erosion, storing nutrients, and filtering contaminants. Livestock seeking water and shade in riparian areas can lead to overgrazing, trampling, soil erosion, and declining water quality, reducing habitats for plants and fish. Some farmers are paid to protect riparian areas by keeping livestock out in order to maintain the key ecological functions of these areas.
An overview presentation of the ways to manage water on land to prevent erosion, direct water, and to capture and store water in the cheapest storage there is--right in the ground!
The document discusses various causes and effects of water pollution. It outlines both point sources like factories and sewage plants, as well as non-point sources like agricultural and urban runoff, which are more difficult to monitor and control. Water pollution is caused by both human activities such as irrigation and deforestation, as well as natural phenomena like volcanoes, algae, storms, and earthquakes. Upstream and downstream methods for controlling water pollution are discussed, including modifying industrial processes, controlling stormwater runoff, and implementing legislation and regulations. Small-scale sewage treatment options like outhouses, septic tanks, and composting toilets are also summarized.
The document discusses river pollution in India, focusing on the Ganges River. It identifies various causes of river pollution like industrial and agricultural waste. Effects include unsafe drinking water and economic costs. Solutions proposed include treatment plants, cleaning waterways, reducing plastic usage, and new technologies like scavenger vessels, biogas digesters, and water purification systems. Special attention is given to pollution in the Ganges River, which is considered holy but is also very polluted. The National Mission for Clean Ganga was created to comprehensively clean the Ganges and its tributaries.
The document discusses water sources and infrastructure in Laguna Niguel, California. It notes that water comes from local groundwater basins and the Colorado River via aqueduct. It identifies issues like erosion of dams, trash in water sources, and sewer lines near creeks that could contaminate water. It also shows photos of water treatment plants, storage lakes, and storm drainage systems, highlighting the complex water collection and distribution system.
This document discusses the importance of water preservation and proper waste disposal. It explains that fertilizers and detergents that run into water supplies from farms and households are pollutants that harm human health. All waste materials should be recycled or disposed of properly rather than dumped in water reserves, to avoid contaminating drinking water sources like rivers and lakes. Effective waste disposal methods include compost pits, biogas from waste, and converting sewage into power or fertilizer. Communities must be aware of sanitation and prevent pollution to protect limited water resources.
Urban Water Quality Issues - Introduction to Urban Stormwaternacaa
This document discusses urban stormwater and best management practices. It summarizes that in urban areas, less water infiltrates into the ground and more runs off as stormwater. This stormwater can transport pollutants like nutrients, sediment and bacteria. Common stormwater best management practices discussed are wet ponds, wetlands, bio-retention areas, permeable pavements, riparian buffers, and water harvesting.
Water covers over 70% of the Earth's surface. Although most is salt water, around 2.7% is fresh water found in ice, icebergs, and underground sources. We rely on water for many important uses like drinking, hygiene, recreation, tourism, sustaining plant and animal habitats, and transportation. Raw water is pumped from underground sources and purified through processes like adding ammonia, chlorine, and oxygen to kill bacteria before entering our water supplies. Water pollution from sources like industrial waste, vehicle and ship exhaust, and unorganized trash disposal threatens water quality and wildlife.
Riparian areas are located between streams or rivers and dry upland areas. They help maintain water quality by trapping sediment, reducing erosion, storing nutrients, and filtering contaminants. Livestock seeking water and shade in riparian areas can lead to overgrazing, trampling, soil erosion, and declining water quality, reducing habitats for plants and fish. Some farmers are paid to protect riparian areas by keeping livestock out in order to maintain the key ecological functions of these areas.
An overview presentation of the ways to manage water on land to prevent erosion, direct water, and to capture and store water in the cheapest storage there is--right in the ground!
The document discusses various causes and effects of water pollution. It outlines both point sources like factories and sewage plants, as well as non-point sources like agricultural and urban runoff, which are more difficult to monitor and control. Water pollution is caused by both human activities such as irrigation and deforestation, as well as natural phenomena like volcanoes, algae, storms, and earthquakes. Upstream and downstream methods for controlling water pollution are discussed, including modifying industrial processes, controlling stormwater runoff, and implementing legislation and regulations. Small-scale sewage treatment options like outhouses, septic tanks, and composting toilets are also summarized.
The document discusses river pollution in India, focusing on the Ganges River. It identifies various causes of river pollution like industrial and agricultural waste. Effects include unsafe drinking water and economic costs. Solutions proposed include treatment plants, cleaning waterways, reducing plastic usage, and new technologies like scavenger vessels, biogas digesters, and water purification systems. Special attention is given to pollution in the Ganges River, which is considered holy but is also very polluted. The National Mission for Clean Ganga was created to comprehensively clean the Ganges and its tributaries.
The document discusses water sources, types of impurities in water, hardness of water, and methods of water treatment. It defines hardness as the property of water that prevents lather formation with soap due to dissolved calcium, magnesium, and other metal ions. Hardness is classified as temporary (removable by boiling) or permanent. Common sources of water include surface water and groundwater. The document outlines various industrial and domestic disadvantages of hard water and methods for determining water hardness using EDTA titration. It also describes sterilization techniques like boiling, chlorination, and ozonization used to treat water for domestic purposes.
Water scarcity is a major global issue that is often underestimated. As the world's population has tripled over the last century, so too has the demand for water. Without access to clean water, many people will become dehydrated and ill, and civilization itself will be impacted by a lack of drinking water. Potential water conflicts are likely to increase in parts of Africa where water resources are shared between countries. Conservation methods like rainwater collection and reducing lawn watering can help alleviate water scarcity issues.
The document discusses water management issues at Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU) campus and proposes solutions. It notes that the campus currently experiences water logging during heavy rains due to lack of proper drainage infrastructure and mixing of storm water with grey and black water. It recommends a water sensitive urban design approach including [1] separating rain water from waste water using bar screens and sand traps, [2] treating waste water in stabilization ponds and wetlands to reduce pollutants before disposal, and [3] using recharge pits to redirect rain water to aquifers to address water logging and replenish groundwater. This approach aims to improve water management through sustainable practices.
Escuela de-formacion-dee-soldados-vencedores-delRonny Chiriboga
This document discusses environmental pollution and its effects. It mentions water contamination and earth pollution as types of environmental pollution. The document also notes that environmental pollution can have negative effects but does not provide any details on specific effects.
The water treatment plant removes solids in large clarifier tanks. The water then undergoes ozone disinfection and filtration through six filters that can each filter over 16 million gallons per day. The filtered water receives final disinfection with chlorine and chloramine to kill any remaining bacteria or viruses. Mud from the bottom of the clarifiers is sent to holding ponds to settle and thicken before further treatment.
The document provides an introduction to water treatment processes. It explains that once water is used in households, it must be treated before being returned to the environment through processes like settling solids and aerating the water. The treated sewage is then typically pumped into a large body of water. It also notes that water supplies come from local watersheds, and must be treated at a water treatment plant before human consumption, with treatment processes varying by location.
Excess phosphorus levels in Lake Champlain from agricultural and residential runoff have led to toxic algal blooms that threaten the local environment and economy. Sources of phosphorus include fertilizers, livestock waste, and household products. While efforts have been made to upgrade sewage treatment and filter stormwater runoff, more remains to be done to reduce phosphorus levels and restore balance to the lake's ecosystem.
Lagos Desalination Technology - Executive Summary - ekEdward Kim
The document describes a new gravity flow mineral method desalination system called the Lagos Desalination Loop System. It uses proprietary mineral compounds to reduce the salinity of seawater through a continuous gravity flow process without chemicals or electricity. The system produces clean drinking water with less than 500 ppm salinity at a pH of 7.0 to 7.5. It has significantly lower construction, maintenance, and operating costs than traditional reverse osmosis or distillation desalination methods. The inventor, Edward Kim, can be contacted for a demonstration of the new desalination technology.
SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER
TYPES OF DRINKING WATeR
About Water
97% of the water on the Earth is salt water. However, only 3% percent is fresh water; slightly over 2/3 of this is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps.
The remaining unfrozen freshwater is found mainly as groundwater, with only a small fraction present above ground or in the air.
Fresh water is a renewable resource
Surface water
Surface water is water in a river, lake or fresh water wetland. Surface water is naturally replenished by precipitation and naturally lost through discharge to the oceans, evaporation, and sub-surface seepage
Ground Water
Sub-surface water, or groundwater, is fresh water located in the pore space of soil and rocks. It is also water that is flowing within aquifers below the water table
Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen molecules. It has no color, taste or smell. Water exists in different forms for different uses like drinking, bathing, cooking and gardening. Water cycles through evaporation and precipitation. Only 3% of water on Earth is fresh water. We should conserve water by turning off taps and not polluting water sources. Water needs purification before use to remove impurities and kill germs. The purification process involves sedimentation, coagulation, filtration, aeration and disinfection to make water safe for drinking.
Freshwater biomes include lakes, ponds, rivers and streams. They provide many benefits to humans like drinking water, transportation, recreation and jobs. Rivers originate in mountains and flow into oceans, carrying plants and animals. Many species live in freshwater ecosystems, some relying on moving water. To help these biomes, people should conserve water, avoid pollution, and get involved in conservation efforts.
This presentation summarizes information about water. It discusses that two-thirds of the Earth's surface is covered by water, with nearly 98% located in the sea. Water exists in three states - liquid, solid, and vapor. The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius while the freezing point is 0 degrees Celsius. The document also outlines the process of purifying water, which involves screening, storage, aeration, filtration, and sterilization to remove solid impurities, allow germs to be destroyed by UV light, oxygenate the water, filter it through sand and gravel, and use chlorine to kill remaining bacteria.
Water is abundant on Earth but most is saline and unavailable for human use. Only 3% of the world's water is freshwater, with the majority locked up in ice caps and glaciers. One billion people lack access to safe drinking water and 2.6 billion lack basic sanitation, resulting in half of all hospitalizations from waterborne diseases. Improving access to clean water could save 135 million lives and improve nutrition by wiping out disease vectors. Solutions involve acquiring water through reclamation, extraction, conservation, and purification as well as improving sanitation, distribution, and irrigation infrastructure.
The document discusses the issue of water pollution and its negative impacts. It defines water pollution as the undesirable change in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of water. Water pollution can cause 443 million school days to be lost each year due to water-related diseases. The document urges people to stop polluting water bodies and contaminating drinking water sources in order to protect lives and allow for a happy existence near clean rivers and water.
This document describes a desalination system called "HI-DESALT" developed by Iradj Hessabi. Some key points:
- HI-DESALT can produce high-quality drinking water from seawater, brackish water, or wastewater with a very low total dissolved solids level of 1.0-50 ppm.
- The system uses various desalination technologies like reverse osmosis, distillation, and electrodialysis.
- It is a self-cleaning system that rarely requires any cleaning solutions like vinegar.
- A single plant unit has a capacity of 5 million gallons of water production per year operating at 1 kilowatt of electricity
A book made for the charrette: Kere as Pattern at Srishti Institute of Art, Design and Technology, Bengaluru with the objective to provide information about Jakkur lake. An attempt to capture the immensely varied natural and man-made patterns that occur in and around Jakkur.
Surface and ground water sources are pinpointed, highlighting the genuine sources of public water supply. In further slides, factors governing the selection of a particular source of supply are pointed out; and finally, the necessity of water to mankind is herein.
Urban rainwater catchment for master gardeners 3.7.13MGG-neworleans
The document discusses the importance of urban rainwater catchment for the city of New Orleans, which receives high amounts of rainfall, and describes how rainwater harvesting through the use of bioretention areas, cisterns, and bioswales can reduce stormwater runoff, recharge groundwater, and provide water for irrigation. It also provides details on different types of cisterns and their components as well as case studies of integrated rainwater harvesting systems.
The document discusses a project to provide bio sand water filters to 300 communities with over 1 million people in Lurigancho Chosica district in Peru. The water from the Rimac River that communities rely on is contaminated. The project will supply, install, and provide training on bio sand water filters, which can provide clean water for 10-15 people per day with no electricity or maintenance needed. The filters have been successful in reducing child diarrhea cases and removing bacteria in initial pilot communities.
This was the first report back meeting at the Abalone Farmers Association of Southern Africa in 2002 and illustrated how we were going to cultivate Ulva and Gracilaria in Aquaculture effluent.
The document discusses water sources, types of impurities in water, hardness of water, and methods of water treatment. It defines hardness as the property of water that prevents lather formation with soap due to dissolved calcium, magnesium, and other metal ions. Hardness is classified as temporary (removable by boiling) or permanent. Common sources of water include surface water and groundwater. The document outlines various industrial and domestic disadvantages of hard water and methods for determining water hardness using EDTA titration. It also describes sterilization techniques like boiling, chlorination, and ozonization used to treat water for domestic purposes.
Water scarcity is a major global issue that is often underestimated. As the world's population has tripled over the last century, so too has the demand for water. Without access to clean water, many people will become dehydrated and ill, and civilization itself will be impacted by a lack of drinking water. Potential water conflicts are likely to increase in parts of Africa where water resources are shared between countries. Conservation methods like rainwater collection and reducing lawn watering can help alleviate water scarcity issues.
The document discusses water management issues at Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU) campus and proposes solutions. It notes that the campus currently experiences water logging during heavy rains due to lack of proper drainage infrastructure and mixing of storm water with grey and black water. It recommends a water sensitive urban design approach including [1] separating rain water from waste water using bar screens and sand traps, [2] treating waste water in stabilization ponds and wetlands to reduce pollutants before disposal, and [3] using recharge pits to redirect rain water to aquifers to address water logging and replenish groundwater. This approach aims to improve water management through sustainable practices.
Escuela de-formacion-dee-soldados-vencedores-delRonny Chiriboga
This document discusses environmental pollution and its effects. It mentions water contamination and earth pollution as types of environmental pollution. The document also notes that environmental pollution can have negative effects but does not provide any details on specific effects.
The water treatment plant removes solids in large clarifier tanks. The water then undergoes ozone disinfection and filtration through six filters that can each filter over 16 million gallons per day. The filtered water receives final disinfection with chlorine and chloramine to kill any remaining bacteria or viruses. Mud from the bottom of the clarifiers is sent to holding ponds to settle and thicken before further treatment.
The document provides an introduction to water treatment processes. It explains that once water is used in households, it must be treated before being returned to the environment through processes like settling solids and aerating the water. The treated sewage is then typically pumped into a large body of water. It also notes that water supplies come from local watersheds, and must be treated at a water treatment plant before human consumption, with treatment processes varying by location.
Excess phosphorus levels in Lake Champlain from agricultural and residential runoff have led to toxic algal blooms that threaten the local environment and economy. Sources of phosphorus include fertilizers, livestock waste, and household products. While efforts have been made to upgrade sewage treatment and filter stormwater runoff, more remains to be done to reduce phosphorus levels and restore balance to the lake's ecosystem.
Lagos Desalination Technology - Executive Summary - ekEdward Kim
The document describes a new gravity flow mineral method desalination system called the Lagos Desalination Loop System. It uses proprietary mineral compounds to reduce the salinity of seawater through a continuous gravity flow process without chemicals or electricity. The system produces clean drinking water with less than 500 ppm salinity at a pH of 7.0 to 7.5. It has significantly lower construction, maintenance, and operating costs than traditional reverse osmosis or distillation desalination methods. The inventor, Edward Kim, can be contacted for a demonstration of the new desalination technology.
SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER
TYPES OF DRINKING WATeR
About Water
97% of the water on the Earth is salt water. However, only 3% percent is fresh water; slightly over 2/3 of this is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps.
The remaining unfrozen freshwater is found mainly as groundwater, with only a small fraction present above ground or in the air.
Fresh water is a renewable resource
Surface water
Surface water is water in a river, lake or fresh water wetland. Surface water is naturally replenished by precipitation and naturally lost through discharge to the oceans, evaporation, and sub-surface seepage
Ground Water
Sub-surface water, or groundwater, is fresh water located in the pore space of soil and rocks. It is also water that is flowing within aquifers below the water table
Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen molecules. It has no color, taste or smell. Water exists in different forms for different uses like drinking, bathing, cooking and gardening. Water cycles through evaporation and precipitation. Only 3% of water on Earth is fresh water. We should conserve water by turning off taps and not polluting water sources. Water needs purification before use to remove impurities and kill germs. The purification process involves sedimentation, coagulation, filtration, aeration and disinfection to make water safe for drinking.
Freshwater biomes include lakes, ponds, rivers and streams. They provide many benefits to humans like drinking water, transportation, recreation and jobs. Rivers originate in mountains and flow into oceans, carrying plants and animals. Many species live in freshwater ecosystems, some relying on moving water. To help these biomes, people should conserve water, avoid pollution, and get involved in conservation efforts.
This presentation summarizes information about water. It discusses that two-thirds of the Earth's surface is covered by water, with nearly 98% located in the sea. Water exists in three states - liquid, solid, and vapor. The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius while the freezing point is 0 degrees Celsius. The document also outlines the process of purifying water, which involves screening, storage, aeration, filtration, and sterilization to remove solid impurities, allow germs to be destroyed by UV light, oxygenate the water, filter it through sand and gravel, and use chlorine to kill remaining bacteria.
Water is abundant on Earth but most is saline and unavailable for human use. Only 3% of the world's water is freshwater, with the majority locked up in ice caps and glaciers. One billion people lack access to safe drinking water and 2.6 billion lack basic sanitation, resulting in half of all hospitalizations from waterborne diseases. Improving access to clean water could save 135 million lives and improve nutrition by wiping out disease vectors. Solutions involve acquiring water through reclamation, extraction, conservation, and purification as well as improving sanitation, distribution, and irrigation infrastructure.
The document discusses the issue of water pollution and its negative impacts. It defines water pollution as the undesirable change in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of water. Water pollution can cause 443 million school days to be lost each year due to water-related diseases. The document urges people to stop polluting water bodies and contaminating drinking water sources in order to protect lives and allow for a happy existence near clean rivers and water.
This document describes a desalination system called "HI-DESALT" developed by Iradj Hessabi. Some key points:
- HI-DESALT can produce high-quality drinking water from seawater, brackish water, or wastewater with a very low total dissolved solids level of 1.0-50 ppm.
- The system uses various desalination technologies like reverse osmosis, distillation, and electrodialysis.
- It is a self-cleaning system that rarely requires any cleaning solutions like vinegar.
- A single plant unit has a capacity of 5 million gallons of water production per year operating at 1 kilowatt of electricity
A book made for the charrette: Kere as Pattern at Srishti Institute of Art, Design and Technology, Bengaluru with the objective to provide information about Jakkur lake. An attempt to capture the immensely varied natural and man-made patterns that occur in and around Jakkur.
Surface and ground water sources are pinpointed, highlighting the genuine sources of public water supply. In further slides, factors governing the selection of a particular source of supply are pointed out; and finally, the necessity of water to mankind is herein.
Urban rainwater catchment for master gardeners 3.7.13MGG-neworleans
The document discusses the importance of urban rainwater catchment for the city of New Orleans, which receives high amounts of rainfall, and describes how rainwater harvesting through the use of bioretention areas, cisterns, and bioswales can reduce stormwater runoff, recharge groundwater, and provide water for irrigation. It also provides details on different types of cisterns and their components as well as case studies of integrated rainwater harvesting systems.
The document discusses a project to provide bio sand water filters to 300 communities with over 1 million people in Lurigancho Chosica district in Peru. The water from the Rimac River that communities rely on is contaminated. The project will supply, install, and provide training on bio sand water filters, which can provide clean water for 10-15 people per day with no electricity or maintenance needed. The filters have been successful in reducing child diarrhea cases and removing bacteria in initial pilot communities.
This was the first report back meeting at the Abalone Farmers Association of Southern Africa in 2002 and illustrated how we were going to cultivate Ulva and Gracilaria in Aquaculture effluent.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Waterscape
1. SURFACE WATER
reservoirs, rivers, lakes,
recharge basins, storm
drains, aqueducts
GROUNDWATER
WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEM
WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
SYSTEM
local precipitation
and run-off
natural and
artificial recharge seepage
imported water
outflow to ocean
withdrawal
release during use
discharge
withdrawal
release
during use
artificial
recharge
sewers
ocean dischargeCOASTAL OCEAN
seepage