Water balance.ppt

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Streamflow, or runoff, is the amount of water that is not retained as soil storage or evaporated through evapotranspiration. The water balance principle states that total water inputs to an ecosystem must equal total water outputs. Precipitation and changes in storage contribute to inputs, while evapotranspiration and runoff constitute outputs, with the equation P + ΔS = ET + R representing the water balance. The water balance can also be expressed as inflows - outflows = change in storage.

Engineering

Streamflow is the “leftovers”
after soil storage and ET are
met
• Over long term, runoff depends on ppt and
ET
STREAMFLOW

• Inputs
– Mainly precipitation, some groundwater, fog
• Outputs
– Evaporation
– Transpiration
– Drainage
BASIC PRINCIPLE
OF WATER BALANCE

Water inputs to ecosystem
determines water outputs
• P + ∆S = ET + R
– P = Precipitation
– S = Storage
– ET = Evapotranspiration
– R = Runoff
THE WATER BALANCE

THE WATER BALANCE
P + Gin – (Q + ET + Gout) = 0
RO = Q + Gout = P – ET
P = I + AET + OF + SM + GWS + GWR
P = Precipitation; I = interception; AET = actual
evapotranspiration; OF = overland flow; SM =
change in soil moisture; GWS = change in
groundwater storage; GWR = groundwater runoff

THE WATER BALANCE
INFLOW – OUTFLOW = STORAGE

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Water balance.ppt

1. Streamflow is the “leftovers” after soil storage and ET are met • Over long term, runoff depends on ppt and ET STREAMFLOW

2. • Inputs – Mainly precipitation, some groundwater, fog • Outputs – Evaporation – Transpiration – Drainage BASIC PRINCIPLE OF WATER BALANCE

3. Water inputs to ecosystem determines water outputs • P + ∆S = ET + R – P = Precipitation – S = Storage – ET = Evapotranspiration – R = Runoff THE WATER BALANCE

4. THE WATER BALANCE P + Gin – (Q + ET + Gout) = 0 RO = Q + Gout = P – ET P = I + AET + OF + SM + GWS + GWR P = Precipitation; I = interception; AET = actual evapotranspiration; OF = overland flow; SM = change in soil moisture; GWS = change in groundwater storage; GWR = groundwater runoff

5. THE WATER BALANCE INFLOW – OUTFLOW = STORAGE

Water balance.ppt

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Water balance.ppt