Watchman TOEFL VOCABULARY
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The document contains sample questions from a TOEFL vocabulary test on reading comprehension and vocabulary. It provides a sentence with an underlined word and four options to choose from that best fits the meaning of the underlined word. It then gives a short context paragraph and asks which option best suits the meaning of "negligent" in the original sentence. The option that fits is "careless", as the watchman was dismissed for being careless in discharging his duties.
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Compiled and presented by Belachew W/Gebriel
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English language and Literature
What is a sentence?
A sentence is a group of words that makes sense.
A sentence expresses a complete thought.
A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with appropriate terminal punctuation mark.
A sentence has at least one subject and one verb.
There are four types of sentences by function/meaning.
Declarative Sentence – statement
Interrogative Sentence - Question
Imperative Sentence – Command and Request
Exclamatory Sentence
Declarative sentence
A declarative sentence makes a statement.
It is punctuated by a period.
Examples: The concert begins in two hours.
Green is my favorite color.
Addis Ababa is the capital city of Ethiopia.
I love my country.
Dr. Abegaz is the founder of Cardiac Center.
True love never fades with time.
Interrogative Sentence
An interrogative sentence asks a question.
It ends in a question Mark(?)
An indirect question ends with a period(.)
There are four different types of interrogative sentences: Wh-questions, yes or no questions, alternative questions, tag questions
Types of Interrogative Sentences
Wh-Questions
Imperative Sentence
An imperative sentence gives an order or makes a polite request. Imperatives can also express good wish.
It ends with a period or exclamation mark (./!)
Example
Please lower your voice.
Meet me at the town square.
Would you close the door please?
Eat your lunch.
Have a good time at the picnic.
May you live long!
Exclamatory Sentence
An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feelings, great emotion or excitement.
It ends with exclamation mark.
Examples: Wow! That is great news!
The river is rising!
The house is on fire!
Oh, what a great job!
What an interesting story!
Practice Questions
Identify the sentence types.
What Kind of candy do you like?
Wow, you did great!
I love to watch old movies.
Go and bring me some paper.
Practice with key
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The document discusses TOEFL vocabulary and provides an example sentence with an underlined word and four options to choose from that best fits the meaning. The underlined word is "menace" and the correct answer choice given is "threaten" as monkeys occasionally threaten their enemies but are usually not dangerous unless provoked.
TOEFL VOCABULARY
The document provides TOEFL vocabulary practice, with sentences containing underlined words or phrases and multiple choice options to choose from. It discusses making mistakes when unfamiliar with customs, working with commitment, treating failures as learning experiences rather than injuries, and accepting mistakes without becoming hostile towards oneself.
TOEFL VOCABULARY
The document provides sample questions from a TOEFL vocabulary test. It contains a sentence with an underlined word, followed by 4 options to choose from to best suit the meaning of the underlined word. An example is given where the underlined word is "emphasis" and the correct answer choice is "importance". The document stresses the importance of being punctual and properly planning one's time and activities.
Storm in the mountain TOEFL Vocabulary
The document discusses TOEFL vocabulary related to a storm in the mountains. It provides a sentence using the word "obliterated" and asks the reader to choose the option that best suits its meaning. It then defines "obliterates" or "effaces" to mean total removal or destruction, giving the example that a storm in the mountains can obliterate or efface villages and highways, removing all traces of habitation.
TOEFL VOCABULARY
The document provides examples of TOEFL vocabulary questions that test understanding of word meanings in different contexts. Each question presents a sentence with an underlined word, and four options to choose from that best suits the meaning of the original word in that context. The questions cover vocabulary terms like "changes", "measures", "descriptions", and "clarity".
TOEFL VOCABULARY
The document discusses strategies for improving TOEFL vocabulary skills, including reading passages with underlined words and choosing the option that best matches the meaning, and provides an example passage about athletes learning to conceal their disappointment when they lose by disguising their feelings.
TOEFL VOCABULARY
The document discusses TOEFL vocabulary and contains examples of vocabulary questions. It provides a sentence with an underlined word and four options to choose from that best fits the meaning of the underlined word. The example sentence is "A good auditorium will assure that the sound is able to be heard" and the correct answer choice for the underlined word is "audible" meaning able to be heard.
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Vocabulary- One Word Substitutes
The document discusses obsolete words and practices, including the art of letter writing becoming obsolete. It provides the definition of obsolete as a word or practice that has gone out of use or is outdated. Examples are given of habits considered outdated by youth, such as retiring to bed early or waking up early on holidays. The document also suggests that many youth think writing letters is an absolute waste of time and that texting and emails can replace letters. As a result, the art of letter writing is slowly becoming obsolete or falling out of use.
Vocabulary- One Word Substitutes
John was highly disciplined and diligent, working hard at all his activities. He had a special trait of being different from others and was also very skillful or dexterous in everything he did.
Vocabulary- One Word Substitutes
An apprentice is a person who works for an employer for a fixed period of time to learn job skills. John did not want to be a ordinary worker or laborer on a farm like his father who was an employee. Instead, John studied hard and did an apprenticeship or training to become an Agricultural Scientist, getting a degree in Agricultural Science.
Vocabulary- One Word Substitutes
The use of appropriate words-To widen ones knowledge and improve usage of correct words in context.
Appraisal
Vocabulary- One Word Substitutes
A codicil is a supplement to a will that alters the provisions of the existing will. John enlisted in the army as a teen and after 20 years returned home on leave. While home, John's parents had left him their house in their will. John asked his brother to add a codicil to the will to convert the house into a school rather than leaving it to just him.
Vocabulary- One Word Substitutes
A numismatist is a person who collects coins. The passage discusses different hobbies such as philately, which is collecting stamps, and ornithology, which is the study of birds. It provides Solomon as an example of a numismatist, who collects coins and wants to make it his full-time activity. A hobby can become a source of income or a career.
One Word Substitutes Vocabulary
Nepotism refers to favoritism granted in politics or business to relatives. Specifically, it is when people in positions of power use their influence to help family members and relatives rise through the ranks in an unfair manner by providing jobs, promotions, or other favors based on their relationship rather than merit. This type of favoritism for relatives is considered a form of corruption that undermines fairness and competence.
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The document discusses overcoming fear and becoming bold and confident. It contrasts being frightened, worried, and shy with being brave, courageous, heroic, and dauntless. It states that by conquering yourself and your fears, the whole world will be at your feet and that fear is the most important emotion that should be analyzed.
Frightful experience.
The document provides vocabulary and instructions for an activity to practice simple past tense and telling about frightening experiences. It includes a list of words related to robbery, theft and crime in the dead of night. It then gives a partial story and asks the reader to fill in blanks with provided words and finish the story, describing the most frightening day of their life and the type of criminals involved.
My most valuable possession.
The document provides examples and definitions for the use of indefinite articles "a" and "an" and the definite article "the" in the English language. "A" and "an" are used before singular countable nouns, with "an" used specifically before words starting with a vowel sound. "The" is used to refer to something specific or superlative. It also lists some uncountable nouns that do not take articles. Several examples are given of common possessions that could be considered valuable to different people.
Growing technology -redundancy
Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail invented the telegraph in 1844, allowing electrical pulses representing dots and dashes to transmit messages along cables using Morse code. This was a radical change, providing a quick and easy way to communicate over long distances. Telegrams were initially used for official purposes but became popular for public use in India in the 1850s. However, new technologies like mobile phones, the internet, and social media have now replaced telegrams.
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Waiting at the bus stop is a common experience where you get familiar with other regular commuters and sometimes make new friends while learning about their lives. The bus can be crowded and packed at times but is also a dependable way to travel where you must pay attention to boarding and leaving times, potential delays, and navigating the front or rear doors with a conductor's assistance.
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This document provides examples of contractions used in sentences. It shows the contracted and uncontracted versions of phrases like "I'm very fond of this book" and "We won't find it." It also includes sentences about possessing a valuable book, caring for the book, lending the book, and behaving carefully. Choices are given to complete additional sentences using contractions correctly.
Daily schedule
The document provides a list of useful vocabulary for describing schedules, including words like usually, generally, normally, always, regularly, often, frequently, rarely, never, seldom, hardly, occasionally. It then lists example morning and evening routines using that vocabulary, such as getting up, having coffee, making the bed, helping in the kitchen, catching the bus, having a snack, relaxing, going to bed. Finally, it provides sample questions one could ask about someone's schedule, including what time they wake up, what they do before breakfast, how they get to work or school, what they do in the afternoons and evenings, and when they go to bed.
Weekends
The document discusses how people typically spend their weekends and lists a variety of activities such as doing necessary chores, making special dishes, spending time with friends and family, going out for excursions or sightseeing. It also includes a conversation where a character named Meera talks about enjoying visiting her grandparents in the neighboring village and exploring nature. The document encourages reflection on how one spends their own time and the activities of their family on weekends.
Adverbs of time
The document discusses converting sentences from singular to plural form. It provides examples of sentences written in the singular form about a person named Graham and his daily activities. It then shows the same sentences rewritten in the plural form using "we" or "they" by changing the verb forms and pronouns accordingly.
nouns
Nouns are words that name people, places, things, ideas, actions or qualities. There are two main types of nouns - proper nouns, which refer to specific individual names, and common nouns, which can be further divided into abstract, collective, concrete countable, concrete uncountable, compound, and verbal nouns. Common nouns describe general categories while proper nouns are specific names.
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Phrasal Verbs
The document describes various phrasal verbs and their meanings:
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- Act big means to imagine you are great
- Act funny means to behave in a silly manner
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Watchman TOEFL VOCABULARY
- 2. READING COMPREHENSION AND VOCABULARY The sentence has an underlined word or phrase. There are four options under the sentence. Choose the option that best suits the meaning of the original word. The watchman was dismissed as he was found to be negligent. A) Agile B) Scrupulous C) Careless D) Untidy
- 3. John was a Liberal. He was known to be a very active or agile person. He was very careful or scrupulous in all his dealings. He was always neat and tidy . However over a period of time , his character and personality began to change. He started becoming very garrulous. He was always roaming around. He became very careless in the discharge of his duties. He was therefore dismissed because of his negligence or carelessness.
- 4. The watchman was dismissed as he was found to be negligent /careless.