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Wastewater: Treatment, Sustainability, and Legislation by Tanner Devlin of Nexom
- 1. Wastewater: Treatment, Sustainability, andLegislation Tanner Ryan Devlin
- 2. Brewery wastewater • Biochemicaloxygen demand (BOD) • Chemical oxygen demand (COD) • Total suspended solids (TSS) – volatile (VSS) and fixed (FSS) • Nitrogen – total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) • Phosphorus – total (TP) and orthophosphate (OP) Treatment options: 1. Physical – removes at least a portion of everything as solid matter 2. Chemical – mostly for conditioning of solids, dome detoxification 3. Biological – removal of soluble nutrients Constituents Organic compounds
- 3. What goes inmust come out Brewery wastewater Sources Developed from Valta (2015)
- 4. What goes inmust come out • Cleaning agents • Residual wort • Residual beer • Spent grain • Trub • Excess yeast Brewery wastewater Sources pH, toxicity Soluble nutrients Solids
- 5. Brewery wastewater • Waterto beer ratio governs concentrations (not loads!) • Typical water/beer from 4-17 (average ~7) • <3.5 wastewater/beer ratio considered good Constituents Parameter Range Biochemical oxygen demand 600 to 5,000 mg/L Chemical oxygen demand 1,800 to 5,500 mg/L Total nitrogen 30 to 100 mg/L Total phosphorus 30 to 100 mg/L pH 3 to 12 Total suspended solids 200 to 1,500 mg/L Developed from Brewers Association
- 6. Brewery wastewater Regulations –discharge to sewer • Depends on municipality Parameter Range in untreated brewery wastewater Winnipeg MB1 Ottawa ON2 Calgary AB3 Removal in Winnipeg BOD, mg/L 600 to 5,000 300 300 300 50-94% COD, mg/L 1,800 to 5,500 - - 600 - TN, mg/L 30 to 100 60 100 50 0-40% TP, mg/L 30 to 100 10 10 10 67-90% pH, - 3 to 12 5.5 to 11 5.5 to 11 5.5 to 10 - TSS, mg/L 200 to 1,500 350 350 300 0-77% 1 – City of Winnipeg SEWER BY-LAW NO. 92/2010 2 – City of Ottawa BY-LAW NO. 2003-514 3 – City of Calgary BYLAW NUMBER 14M2012
- 7. Brewery wastewater Regulations –discharge to receiving body of water • Mix of provincial and federal regulations Parameter Range in untreated brewery wastewater Manitoba1 Canada2 Removal BOD, mg/L 600 to 5,000 25 25 96-99.5% COD, mg/L 1,800 to 5,500 - - - TN, mg/L 30 to 100 15 + Ammonia Ammonia 50-85% TP, mg/L 30 to 100 1 - 97-99% pH, - 3 to 12 5.5 to 11 5.5 to 11 - TSS, mg/L 200 to 1,500 25 25 0-77% Coliforms - 200/100 mL - - 1 – Manitoba Water Quality Standards, Objectives and Guidelines 2 – WSER
- 8. Brewery wastewater Regulations –Winnipeg charges • 2018 sewer rate = $2.80/m3 wastewater • Paying >$11.20/m3 beer without penalties • Penalties depend on frequency of enforcement
- 9. Brewery wastewater treatment Typicalconfiguration of a treatment facility Equalization Primary treatment Secondary treatment Tertiary treatment
- 10. Equalization and conditioning Facilitiesdo not operate 24/7 Flows change with time • Equalization promotes better treatment • Equalization allows for chemical condition pH adjustment, detoxification 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 Flow(m3/h) Time of day
- 11. Microscreen – rotarydrum Effective at removing TSS Tried and true with screening down to 500 µm
- 12. Microscreen – rotarydrum Effective at removing TSS
- 13. Microscreen – rotarybelt Effective at removing TSS and some BOD Down to 250 µm screening
- 14. Microscreen – rotarybelt Effective at removing TSS and some BOD
- 15. Dissolved air flotation– pre-treatment Removal of fine particle TSS and some toxic compounds Process COD, % rem. TSS, % rem. Bound Quat, % rem. Free Quat, % rem. DAF 13 61 55 32 DAF+flocculant 34 93 78 51 DAF+flocculant+neutralizer 34 86 96 90 DAF+coagulant+flocculant - 92 94 90
- 16. Dissolved air flotation– pre-treatment Removal of fine particle TSS and some toxic compounds
- 17. Moving bed-biofilm reactor Removalof soluble, biodegradable compounds But, produces biomass that must be removed
- 18. Moving bed-biofilm reactor Removalof soluble, biodegradable compounds
- 19. Brewery wastewater Adding nutrientsfor treatment!? • Like yeast, bacteria need a mix of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus to grow Parameter Case study Discharge limit BOD 5,000 mg/L 300 mg/L TN 60 mg/L 60 mg/L TP 25 mg/L 10 mg/L Must remove 4,700 mg/L of BOD 0.6 g-bacteria produced/g-BOD removed 2,820 mg-bacteria/L Bacteria are ~7% nitrogen and ~1.5% phosphorus For complete treatment, 197 mg-N/L and 42 mg-P/L required Must add 137 mg-N/L and 17 mg-P/L This is for aerobic treatment
- 20. Moving bed-biofilm reactor Anaerobicvs. aerobic • Anaerobic microorganisms produce less biomass Parameter Case study Discharge limit BOD 5,000 mg/L 300 mg/L TN 60 mg/L 60 mg/L TP 25 mg/L 10 mg/L Must remove 4,700 mg/L of BOD 0.05 g-bacteria produced/g-BOD removed 235 mg-bacteria/L Bacteria are ~7% nitrogen and ~1.5% phosphorus For complete treatment, 17 mg-N/L and 3.5 mg-P/L required Must remove 11.5 mg-P/L Add chemical to remove phosphorus 12x less biomass!
- 21. Moving bed-biofilm reactor Anaerobicvs. aerobic • Anerobic bacteria produce methane
- 22. Dissolved air flotation– post-treatment Removal of biomass from treated wastewater May require cross-flow plate pack
- 23. Cloth disc filtration Technologyfor water recovery and reuse – 10 µm 1. Reject waste 2. Drive motor 3. Vacuum pump 4. Vacuum line 5. Discharge trough 6. Discharge port 7. Effluent 8. Vacuum head 9. Filter disc 10.Sludge withdrawal
- 24. Cloth disc filtration Technologyfor water recovery and reuse
- 25. Solids management Be incontrol of your product Fort Garry Brewery Reuse of spent grains Spent grains and trub reused as hog feed. Free disposal by farmer!
- 26. Solids management Reduce volumeand stabilize 1. Feed hopper 2. Thermal fluid heater 3. Dryer 4. Scrubber/condenser 5. Cooling screw
- 27. Summary Takeaway 1. Brewery wastewater> Schedule B discharge to sewer requirements 2. Frequency of enforcement/agreements on penalties governs cost/year 3. Cost of on-site treatment may be justified 4. Type of on-site treatment varies – pick most suitable 5. Be sustainable and smart