War Erupts
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The Civil War began on April 12, 1861 when Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina. In response, President Lincoln called for troops from the Northern states to put down the Southern uprising. Another key early event was Virginia deciding to join the Confederacy, giving the South an important state both economically and militarily. The Union had significant advantages over the Confederacy in population, manufacturing, railroads, and other industrial resources. However, the Confederacy had skilled generals and the motivation to fight defensively to protect their homes. The first major battle of the war, at Bull Run near Washington D.C., was a surprising Confederate victory that showed the war may not be as short as the Union expected.
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John Redmond, leader of the Home Rule Party, convinced Prime Minister Asquith to grant home rule to Ireland in 1910. However, unionists strongly opposed home rule, fearing discrimination under Catholic rule. They organized under Sir Edward Carson and Sir James Craig, holding protests and forming armed groups like the Ulster Volunteer Force. Nationalists responded in kind with the Irish National Volunteers. As tensions rose, World War I broke out in 1914, postponing the home rule issue.
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Fianna Fail came to power in 1932 under Eamon de Valera and began dismantling the Anglo-Irish Treaty over the next several years. De Valera passed laws removing Ireland from British control and creating a new constitution in 1937 that made Ireland a republic in name. However, Ireland remained in the Commonwealth to avoid antagonizing Britain. De Valera also had to contend with the fascist Blueshirts organization and eventually banned them, seeing them as a threat. He initially supported the IRA but later banned it as well when it became a threat to his power.
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The document summarizes key events in French-English relations in Canada from World War I to the 1970 October Crisis. It describes how French Canadians opposed Canadian involvement in World War I while English Canadians supported it, leading to the 1917 Conscription Crisis. In the 1930s, Maurice Duplessis strengthened Quebec nationalism as premier. The Quiet Revolution of the 1960s modernized Quebec's economy and reduced church influence. This led to the rise of the separatist PQ party under Rene Levesque and terrorist groups like the FLQ. Their actions, including kidnappings in 1970, prompted Trudeau to invoke the War Measures Act.
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Sinn Fein grew rapidly after the 1916 Easter Rising when the British government mistakenly blamed the rebellion on the party. Membership increased tenfold as republican prisoners released from internment camps joined and helped organize Sinn Fein. In elections in 1917-1918, Sinn Fein established itself as the leading nationalist party in Ireland, winning seats and further growth. The British government's failed attempts to introduce conscription and claim Sinn Fein collaborated with Germany only increased Irish support for the republican party. In the 1918 general election held after World War 1, Sinn Fein captured 73 seats, becoming the dominant force in Irish politics.
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Ulysses S. Grant was elected as a Republican president in 1868, despite attacks from the KKK over 500,000 African Americans were able to vote in the South due to the 15th Amendment. However, women still did not have the right to vote. Grant did not choose his advisors well, appointing unqualified friends and family to positions. This led to scandals and splits in the Republican party. An economic depression started in 1873 after some banks collapsed, lasting 5 years. In the close 1876 election, Rutherford B. Hayes was eventually declared president over Democrat Samuel Tilden after a compromise that removed federal troops from the South. This collapse of Reconstruction government allowed Democrats to regain control of the South.
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After the Civil War, many freed slaves left plantations in search of economic opportunities and family members. They could now legally marry and strengthen family ties. Freedmen flocked to schools, funded by northern charities, to learn to read and write. Without property of their own, many ex-slaves returned to plantations under a contract system where they were paid wages, though some were cheated. This led many to turn to sharecropping, renting and farming land from owners who provided tools and housing in exchange for a share of crops, though debt often kept sharecroppers in poverty. Freed slaves faced racism and violence from groups like the Ku Klux Klan, who attacked and killed African Americans to maintain
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1) Tensions grew between the industrial North and agricultural South, with the North relying on industry and commerce while the South relied on slave labor for cotton plantations.
2) The Wilmot Proviso, which would have banned slavery in new territories, passed the House but not the Senate, leading to the formation of the Free Soil Party.
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War Erupts
- 1. WAR ERUPTS
- 2. FORT SUMTER – a federal fort located in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina South attacked on April 12,1861 to officially start the Civil War
- 3. Lincoln calls out troops to put down the uprising
- 4. Virginia decides to go with the South Virginia is a key state because of wealth, large population and home of great military leaders
- 5. ROBERT E LEE – general in charge of Confederate troops during the Civil War
- 6. BORDER STATES – states that are located between the Union and the Confederacy BORDER STATES: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri
- 9. Kentucky is a key state because it contains so many key rivers to be used for transportation
- 10. RESOURCES IN 1860 Confederacy Union TOTAL U.S. POPULATION TOTAL U.S. MANUFACTURING PLANTS
- 11. RESOURCES IN 1860 Confederacy Union TOTAL U.S. RAILROAD MILES TOTAL U.S. INDUSTRIAL WORKERS
- 12. President Lincoln is a great leader and one of the biggest advantages the Union has
- 13. Union has a huge advantage over the South in terms of people and resources Union also has a huge advantage in factories, railroad miles and navy shipyards
- 14. UNION PLAN – destroy the South’s economy so they are forced to end the war
- 15. ANACONDA PLAN – the Union plan to shut off all Southern trade and ruin their economy
- 17. BLOCKADE – when armed forces prevent the transportation of goods or people into or out of an area
- 18. Union also wants to capture the Confederate capital city – Richmond, Virginia
- 20. South wants war to last as long as possible – force the Union to eventually give up
- 21. KING COTTON – cotton becomes the major economic product of the South and basis of the economy
- 22. South tries to force England and France to help with their war effort by refusing to send cotton – plan does not work
- 23. FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN – first major battle of the Civil War, fought near Washington, DC – was a Confederate victory
- 24. GENERAL STONEWALL JACKSON rallies the Southern troops to victory
- 26. the Confederate win in this battle stuns the Union the Union had thought they would win the war in a couple of weeks
- 27. THE END