module

1. Volcanoe
s
EARTH SCIENCE WITH
ROSA

2. Objective
s
Students will be able to
identify the different parts
of a volcano, from the
crater to the lava.
Students will be able to
describe the three common
types of volcanoes.
Students will be able to
explain one positive and
one negative impact of
volcanoes.
01 02 03

3. Volcanoes are fascinating geological features
that are formed when molten rock, ash, and gas
escape from the Earth's surface.
They can be found all around the world and
come in many different shapes and sizes. Some
volcanoes are active and erupt frequently, while
others are dormant or extinct and haven't
erupted in many years or even thousands of
years.
Volcano

4. Parts of a Volcano
This is a bowl-
shaped depression
at the top of the
volcano that forms
when the summit
collapses after an
eruption.
The
Crater
This is a large
underground cavity
or reservoir where
molten rock
(magma) is stored
before it erupts.
Magma
Chambe
r

5. Parts of a Volcano
This is a long, narrow channel that connects
the magma chamber to the surface of the
volcano. Magma rises through the conduit
and erupts.
Conduit
This is a vent on the surface of the volcano
that emits steam, gas, and other materials.
Fumaroles are found near the summit.
Fumarole

6. Types of Volcanoes
Shield Volcanoes
These volcanoes have a broad, gently sloping cone
shape, similar to a warrior's shield laid on the ground.
They are formed by numerous lava flows that spread out
in all directions from a central vent.
Shield volcanoes typically have non-explosive eruptions
and produce thin, runny lava that flows for long
distances.

7. Types of Volcanoes
Stratovolcanoes
These are tall, steep-sided volcanoes with a classic, cone-
shaped appearance. They are formed by alternating
layers of lava, ash, and other volcanic debris.
Stratovolcanoes can have explosive or non-explosive
eruptions and are known for their powerful explosions
and pyroclastic flows.

8. Types of Volcanoes
Cinder Cones
These are small, steep-sided volcanoes made up of
loose, pyroclastic material such as ash, cinders, and
volcanic bombs.
They are usually formed by explosive eruptions that
eject the material from a single vent, piling it up
around the vent.

9. Impacts of
Volcanoes
Property damage Water Pollution
Volcanic eruptions can cause significant
property damage, particularly if they
produce lava flows, pyroclastic flows, or
lahars. These can destroy buildings,
infrastructure, and agricultural land.
Volcanic eruptions can also release ash
and other materials into bodies of
water, which can kill fish and other
aquatic life, and contaminate drinking
water supplies.

10. Impacts of
Volcanoes
Soil Fertility Geothermal
Energy
Volcanic ash is rich in minerals and can
provide a nutrient-rich soil for plant
growth. For example, the volcanic soils
have been known to produce highly
productive agricultural land.
Volcanic activity can produce
geothermal energy, which can be
harnessed for electricity generation and
heating. This can provide a clean and
sustainable source of energy.

11. Thank
You!

12. Experiment Time!
You’ll need:
• Large cardboard boxes or construction
paper (enough for groups of 3-4)
• Playdough or modeling clay in various
colors (red, orange, brown, black, grey)
• Baking soda
• Vinegar
• Liquid dish soap (optional, for a more
realistic flow)
• Small plastic cups or spoons
• Newspaper or plastic tablecloth (to protect
surfaces)

13. Experiment Time!
Follow these steps:
1. Group Up: Divide the class into groups of 3-4 students.
2. Volcano Construction: Each group gets a box. Cut the top
off the box to create a volcano shape with a crater opening.
Students can decorate the outside with markers or crayons
to represent mountains and vegetation.
3. Magma Chamber: Inside the volcano, have students
create a small hollow space using playdough or modeling
clay to represent the magma chamber where hot molten
rock is stored.
4. Eruption Preparation:
• In the magma chamber, add a spoonful of baking soda.
• Outside the volcano, students can use brown, red, and
orange playdough to create different lava flows coming
down the sides.
5. Eruption Time: Carefully pour a small amount of vinegar
mixed with a few drops of dish soap into the magma
chamber. Observe the eruption! The baking soda and
vinegar will react, causing a fizzy eruption.

14. Resources
Page