This document discusses positioning and sensing technologies that are important for vehicular safety applications in 5G and beyond networks. It explores how these technologies, such as GPS, IMUs, radar and lidar, can be used alone or together to determine a vehicle's precise location and sense its environment to improve safety. The high-speed and low-latency connectivity of 5G and beyond networks can facilitate the rapid sharing of this information between vehicles and infrastructure to enable advanced safety features like connected and autonomous vehicles. Novel methods are needed to exploit multipath environments for positioning using large antenna arrays, especially at millimeter-wave frequencies.

1. Positioning and Sensing for Vehicular Safety
Applications in 5G and Beyond
Communication System- 1 (Experiential Learning)
(18EC53) Nishkal Nayak 1RV20EC110
Rahul Chandra 1RV20EC121

2. 5G: The Big Shot?

3. Abstract
• This paper presents a vision representing the value chain on the use of radio positioning
and sensing for road safety in the 5G ecosystem. The key enabling technologies and
architectural functionalities are explored, focusing on the extremely stringent localization
and communication requirements.

4. Overview
• Positioning and sensing technologies are important for vehicular safety applications in 5G
and beyond because they enable vehicles to determine their precise location, track their
movement, and sense their environment. This information can be used to improve safety
by allowing vehicles to avoid collisions, maintain a safe distance from other vehicles, and
respond to changing road conditions. There are several technologies that can be used for
positioning and sensing in vehicular applications, including GPS, inertial measurement
units (IMUs), radar, lidar, and camera-based systems. These technologies can be used
alone or in combination to provide a robust and accurate understanding of a vehicle's
position and surroundings. In the context of 5G and beyond, the high-speed and low-
latency connectivity provided by these next-generation communication systems can be
used to facilitate the rapid exchange of information between vehicles and infrastructure,
enabling advanced safety features such as connected and autonomous vehicle
technologies.

5. Methodology
Novel methods can exploit the multipath environment for positioning, making use
of directional measurements from large antenna arrays, especially for mm-wave
deployments. Specific challenges arise in these scenarios, e.g., related to spatial
coverage, hardware constraints, and antenna panel orientation. Positioning-
optimized precoding of reference signals will need to be considered, as well as
new processing methods for hardware-constrained waveforms, possibly using AI-
based approaches.

6. RTK-GPS
• Real-time Kinematic Positioning is the application of surveying to correct for common errors
in current navigation(GPS) systems .
• RTK is used for applications that require huge accuracies, such as centimetre level
positioning.

7. Case-Study: Tesla model-Y

8. Future Scope
• Deployments: Algorithms for LOS(line-of-sight) detection, outlier rejection/suppression, or
multipath exploitation are key for positioning performance.
• When Beyond 5G systems operate at high carriers, hardware impairments will start to
dominate positioning and sensing performance e.g., OFDM is the best option.
• Integrity, Security: rust on the user estimated position, location-security aspects will be critical in
V2X scenarios.
• Methods: Specific challenges arise in these scenarios, e.g., related to spatial coverage,
hardware constraints, and antenna panel orientation. Positioning-optimized precoding of
reference signals will need to be considered, as well as new processing methods for hardware-
constrained waveforms, possibly using AI-based approaches.