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Visual Studio를 이용한 어셈블리어 학습 part 2

Visual Studio를 이용한 x64 어셈블리 사용 방법에 대해 설명한다. 주요 변경점으로 64비트 레지스터 확장, 스택 기본 단위 변경, 새로운 레지스터 추가 등이 있다. Visual Studio에서 x64 어셈블리 사용을 위해 masm을 사용하고, 디버깅도 가능하다. x64에서 함수 호출 규약과 스택 사용 방식도

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Visual Studio를 이용한 어셈블리어 학습 part 2 유영천 https://megayuchi.com tw: @dgtman
X64 어셈블리어 사용
주요 변경점 • 각 레지스터의 32Bits -> 64Bits 확장 • 스택 기본 단위 64Bits(8Bytes) • 64Bits 주소 지정 • R8 – R15 레지스터 추가 • XMM8 – XMM15 레지스터 추가 • 기본 Calling convention – fastcall(x86와 x64의 fastcall은 다름)
Visual Studio 에서 x64어셈블리어 사용하기 • 슬프게도 x64모드로는 inline 어셈블리어가 지원되지 않는다. • MASM의 64bits 버전인 ml64.exe를 혼용한다. • 약간의 수고만 들이면 쉽게 Visual Studio IDE에 통합된다. -> 디버깅 가능!!!
Visual Studio 에서 x64어셈블리어 사용하기 • Project -> Build Customization -> masm항목에 체크 • .asm파일을 Drag & Drop, 또는 new 로 .asm파일 추가. • .asm파일의 property -> Item Type -> Microsoft Macro Assembler • 필요한 경우 listing file 설정
Project -> Build Customization -> masm항목에 체크
.asm파일을 Drag & Drop, 또는 new 로 .asm파일 추가. .asm파일의 property -> Item Type -> Microsoft Macro Assembler
Listing File • 완전한 실제 asm코드로 보여줌. • 가상화(?)된 변수들의 실제 주소지정 코드를 확인 할 수 있다. • Property-> Macro Assembler -> Listing File • List All Available Information : Yes • Enable Assembly Generated Code Listing : Yes • Assembled Code Listing File : $(OutDir)%(Filename).asm
Visual Studio에서의 x64어셈블리어 코딩 • 함수 단위로 작성. • Disassembly Window와 .asm코드 에디터 양쪽 모두에서 브레이크 포인트를 찍어가며 디버깅 가능. • Cpp코드에서의 호출을 위해 .asm의 함수를 선언할때는 extern "C" 로 선언할것. • x86/x64/ARM64를 함께 지원하는 프로젝트일 경우 • 각 아키텍처별 코드를 각각의 .asm또는 .cpp로 작성. • 아키텍처별로 다른 아키텍처의 .asm/.cpp 파일의 property에서 excluded from build : yes로 설정
.CODE Add_ASM PROC mov [rsp+8],rcx mov [rsp+16],rdx add rcx,rdx mov rax,rcx ret Add_ASM ENDP END Add_ASM()함수의 시작 Add_ASM()함수의 끝 .asm파일 작성
.asm의 함수를 호출하기 위한 선언 extern "C" { INT64 Add_ASM(INT64 a, INT64 b); INT64 Add_ASM_RBP(INT64 a, INT64 b); } masm으로 생성된 함수명을 C++코드에서 호출하기 위해서는 해당 함수명이 C타입 의 Name Decoration을 사용해야한다.
x64 레지스터와 스택
Register Status Use RAX Volatile Return value register RCX Volatile First integer argument RDX Volatile Second integer argument R8 Volatile Third integer argument R9 Volatile Fourth integer argument R10:R11 Volatile Must be preserved as needed by caller; used in syscall/sysret instructions R12:R15 Nonvolatile Must be preserved by callee RDI Nonvolatile Must be preserved by callee RSI Nonvolatile Must be preserved by callee RBX Nonvolatile Must be preserved by callee RBP Nonvolatile May be used as a frame pointer; must be preserved by callee RSP Nonvolatile Stack pointer XMM0, YMM0 Volatile First FP argument; first vector-type argument when __vectorcall is used XMM1, YMM1 Volatile Second FP argument; second vector-type argument when __vectorcall is used XMM2, YMM2 Volatile Third FP argument; third vector-type argument when __vectorcall is used XMM3, YMM3 Volatile Fourth FP argument; fourth vector-type argument when __vectorcall is used XMM4, YMM4 Volatile Must be preserved as needed by caller; fifth vector-type argument when __vectorcall is used XMM5, YMM5 Volatile Must be preserved as needed by caller; sixth vector-type argument when __vectorcall is used XMM6:XMM15, YMM6:YMM15 Nonvolatile (XMM), Volatile (upper half of YMM) Must be preserved by callee. YMM registers must be preserved as needed by caller. Registers
파라미터 전달 Parameter type fifth and higher fourth third second leftmost floating-point stack XMM3 XMM2 XMM1 XMM0 integer stack R9 R8 RDX RCX Aggregates (8, 16, 32, or 64 bits) and __m64 stack R9 R8 RDX RCX Other aggregates, as pointers stack R9 R8 RDX RCX __m128, as a pointer stack R9 R8 RDX RCX
스택 프레임 • 베이스 포인터 레지스터(RBP) 사용이 calling convention의 일부가 아님. • VC++의 디버그 빌드(C/C++), ml64에서 local지시어를 이용한 변수명 사용시 베이스 포인터 레지스터(RBP) 사용. • 다른 함수를 호출할 경우 stack pointer(RSP레지스터의 값)주소가 16 Bytes align 되도록 할것!!!! • 함수 호출 전 rsp레지스터의 값을 16으로 나눠서 나머지가 0인지 확인 • 직접 작성한 asm함수 안에서 로컬변수 할당 사이즈는 16 bytes의 배수로 맞춘다.
x64 stack usage | Microsoft Docs
함수호출 • Caller • 파라미터를 push하는 대신 4개까지는 rcx, rdx, r8, r9 레지스터로 전달. • 함수 호출시 home arg area 확보 32bytes -> sub rsp,32 • 4개 초과분에 대해서는 rsp레지스터를 직접 조정(sub rsp,xxx)한 후 [rsp+ xxxx] 메모리에 카피 • Callee • 진입시 rcx,rdx,r8,r9레지스터를 arg home area에 카피 (디버거에서 파라미터 내용 확인할거 아니면 필요없음) • 로컬변수 사용영역을 확보 • 8bytes 변수 4개 사용시 8x4 = 32 bytes - sub rsp, 32 ( 16 Bytes Align에 주의!)
void Test() { INT64 c = Add_C(1, 2); } INT64 Add_C(INT64 a, INT64 b) { INT64 c = a + b; return c; } AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_C (0140001050h) mov qword ptr [c],rax add rsp,38h ret AsmTest64.exe!Add_C(__int64, __int64): mov qword ptr [rsp+10h],rdx mov qword ptr [rsp+8],rcx sub rsp,18h mov rax,qword ptr [b] mov rcx,qword ptr [a] add rcx,rax mov rax,rcx mov qword ptr [rsp],rax mov rax,qword ptr [rsp] add rsp,18h ret x64 calling convention, C/C++에서 C/C++함수 호출
rsp 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): AsmTest64.exe!Add_C(__int64, __int64):
rsp 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h AsmTest64.exe!Add_C(__int64, __int64): arg : b arg : a
rsp 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 AsmTest64.exe!Add_C(__int64, __int64): arg : b arg : a
Caller Callee rsp 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_C AsmTest64.exe!Add_C(__int64, __int64): Return Address arg : b arg : a
Caller Callee rsp 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_C AsmTest64.exe!Add_C(__int64, __int64): mov qword ptr [rsp+10h],rdx Return Address arg : b arg : a
Caller Callee rsp 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014fe70 arg : b arg : a 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_C AsmTest64.exe!Add_C(__int64, __int64): mov qword ptr [rsp+10h],rdx mov qword ptr [rsp+8],rcx Return Address
Caller Callee rsp 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014fe70 arg : b arg : a 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_C AsmTest64.exe!Add_C(__int64, __int64): mov qword ptr [rsp+10h],rdx mov qword ptr [rsp+8],rcx sub rsp,18h Return Address 16Bytes align local : c
Caller Callee rsp 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014fe70 arg : b arg : a 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_C AsmTest64.exe!Add_C(__int64, __int64): mov qword ptr [rsp+10h],rdx mov qword ptr [rsp+8],rcx sub rsp,18h mov rax,qword ptr [b] ; rsp+40 mov rcx,qword ptr [a] ; rsp+32 add rcx,rax mov rax,rcx Return Address local : c
Caller Callee rsp 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014fe70 arg : b arg : a 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 local : c AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_C AsmTest64.exe!Add_C(__int64, __int64): mov qword ptr [rsp+10h],rdx mov qword ptr [rsp+8],rcx sub rsp,18h mov rax,qword ptr [b] ; rsp+40 mov rcx,qword ptr [a] ; rsp+32 add rcx,rax mov rax,rcx mov qword ptr [rsp],rax Return Address
Caller Callee rsp 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014fe70 arg : b arg : a 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 local : c AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_C AsmTest64.exe!Add_C(__int64, __int64): mov qword ptr [rsp+10h],rdx mov qword ptr [rsp+8],rcx sub rsp,18h mov rax,qword ptr [b] ; rsp+40 mov rcx,qword ptr [a] ; rsp+32 add rcx,rax mov rax,rcx mov qword ptr [rsp],rax mov rax,qword ptr [rsp] Return Address
Caller Callee rsp 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014fe70 arg : b arg : a 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 local : c AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_C AsmTest64.exe!Add_C(__int64, __int64): mov qword ptr [rsp+10h],rdx mov qword ptr [rsp+8],rcx sub rsp,18h mov rax,qword ptr [b] ; rsp+40 mov rcx,qword ptr [a] ; rsp+32 add rcx,rax mov rax,rcx mov qword ptr [rsp],rax mov rax,qword ptr [rsp] add rsp,18h Return Address
rsp 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014fe70 arg : b arg : a 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_C AsmTest64.exe!Add_C(__int64, __int64): mov qword ptr [rsp+10h],rdx mov qword ptr [rsp+8],rcx sub rsp,18h mov rax,qword ptr [b] ; rsp+40 mov rcx,qword ptr [a] ; rsp+32 add rcx,rax mov rax,rcx mov qword ptr [rsp],rax mov rax,qword ptr [rsp] add rsp,18h ret
rsp 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014fe70 arg : b arg : a 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 local : c AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_C mov qword ptr [c],rax AsmTest64.exe!Add_C(__int64, __int64): mov qword ptr [rsp+10h],rdx mov qword ptr [rsp+8],rcx sub rsp,18h mov rax,qword ptr [b] ; rsp+40 mov rcx,qword ptr [a] ; rsp+32 add rcx,rax mov rax,rcx mov qword ptr [rsp],rax mov rax,qword ptr [rsp] add rsp,18h ret
rsp 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014fe70 arg : b arg : a 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 local : c AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_C mov qword ptr [c],rax AsmTest64.exe!Add_C(__int64, __int64): mov qword ptr [rsp+10h],rdx mov qword ptr [rsp+8],rcx sub rsp,18h mov rax,qword ptr [b] ; rsp+40 mov rcx,qword ptr [a] ; rsp+32 add rcx,rax mov rax,rcx mov qword ptr [rsp],rax mov rax,qword ptr [rsp] add rsp,18h ret
rsp 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014fe70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_C mov qword ptr [c],rax add rsp,38h ret AsmTest64.exe!Add_C(__int64, __int64): mov qword ptr [rsp+10h],rdx mov qword ptr [rsp+8],rcx sub rsp,18h mov rax,qword ptr [b] ; rsp+40 mov rcx,qword ptr [a] ; rsp+32 add rcx,rax mov rax,rcx mov qword ptr [rsp],rax mov rax,qword ptr [rsp] add rsp,18h ret Caller
X64어셈블리어 prologue, epilogue • x86함수와 비교 • 베이스 포인터 사용이 기본은 아니다. • 함수 내부에서 편리하게 사용하고 싶으면 베이스 포인터를 사용한다.
assembled code asm code in MASM push rbp mov rbp,rsp add rsp,0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF8h mov qword ptr [rbp+16],rcx mov qword ptr [rbp+24],rdx add rcx,rdx mov qword ptr [rbp-8],rcx mov rax,qword ptr [rbp-8] leave ret Add_ASM_RBP PROC a:QWORD, b:QWORD LOCAL c:QWORD mov a,rcx mov b,rdx add rcx,rdx mov c, rcx mov rax,c ret Add_ASM_RBP ENDP MASM에서의 Stack Frame 자동생성
void Test() { INT64 c = Add_ASM_RBP(1, 2); } AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_ASM_RBP mov qword ptr [c],rax add rsp,38h ret AsmTest64.exe! Add_ASM_RBP(QWORD, QWORD): push rbp mov rbp,rsp add rsp,0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFE0h mov qword ptr [a],rcx mov qword ptr [b],rdx add rcx,rdx mov qword ptr [c],rcx mov rax,qword ptr [c] leave ret Add_ASM_RBP PROC a:QWORD, b:QWORD LOCAL c:QWORD LOCAL d:QWORD LOCAL e:QWORD LOCAL f:QWORD mov a,rcx mov b,rdx add rcx,rdx mov c, rcx mov rax,c ret Add_ASM_RBP ENDP x64 calling convention, C/C++에서 asm함수 호출
rsp 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): AsmTest64.exe! Add_ASM_RBP(QWORD, QWORD):
rsp 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h AsmTest64.exe! Add_ASM_RBP(QWORD, QWORD): arg : a arg : b
0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 AsmTest64.exe! Add_ASM_RBP(QWORD, QWORD): rsp arg : a arg : b
Caller Callee 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_ASM_RBP AsmTest64.exe! Add_ASM_RBP(QWORD, QWORD): rsp Return Address arg : a arg : b
Caller Callee 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_ASM_RBP AsmTest64.exe! Add_ASM_RBP(QWORD, QWORD): push rbp rsp Return Address backup rbp arg : a arg : b
Caller Callee 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_ASM_RBP AsmTest64.exe! Add_ASM_RBP(QWORD, QWORD): push rbp mov rbp,rsp rsp backup rbp Return Address rbp arg : a arg : b
Caller Callee 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_ASM_RBP AsmTest64.exe! Add_ASM_RBP(QWORD, QWORD): push rbp mov rbp,rsp add rsp,0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFE0h backup rbp Return Address rbp rsp local : c local : d local : e local : f arg : a arg : b
Caller Callee AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_ASM_RBP AsmTest64.exe! Add_ASM_RBP(QWORD, QWORD): push rbp mov rbp,rsp add rsp,0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFE0h mov qword ptr [a],rcx ; rbp+16 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 backup rbp Return Address rbp arg : a rsp local : c local : d local : e local : f arg : b
Caller Callee AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_ASM_RBP AsmTest64.exe! Add_ASM_RBP(QWORD, QWORD): push rbp mov rbp,rsp add rsp,0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFE0h mov qword ptr [a],rcx ; rbp+16 mov qword ptr [b],rdx ; rbp+24 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 backup rbp Return Address rbp arg : a arg : b rsp local : c local : d local : e local : f
Caller Callee AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_ASM_RBP AsmTest64.exe! Add_ASM_RBP(QWORD, QWORD): push rbp mov rbp,rsp add rsp,0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFE0h mov qword ptr [a],rcx ; rbp+16 mov qword ptr [b],rdx ; rbp+24 add rcx,rdx 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 backup rbp Return Address rbp arg : a arg : b rsp local : c local : d local : e local : f
Caller Callee AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_ASM_RBP AsmTest64.exe! Add_ASM_RBP(QWORD, QWORD): push rbp mov rbp,rsp add rsp,0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFE0h mov qword ptr [a],rcx ; rbp+16 mov qword ptr [b],rdx ; rbp+24 add rcx,rdx mov qword ptr [c],rcx ; rbp-8 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 backup rbp Return Address rbp arg : a arg : b rsp local : c local : d local : e local : f
Caller Callee AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_ASM_RBP AsmTest64.exe! Add_ASM_RBP(QWORD, QWORD): push rbp mov rbp,rsp add rsp,0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFE0h mov qword ptr [a],rcx ; rbp+16 mov qword ptr [b],rdx ; rbp+24 add rcx,rdx mov qword ptr [c],rcx ; rbp-8 mov rax,qword ptr [c] 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 backup rbp Return Address rbp arg : a arg : b local : c local : d local : e local : f rsp
Caller Callee AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_ASM_RBP AsmTest64.exe! Add_ASM_RBP(QWORD, QWORD): push rbp mov rbp,rsp add rsp,0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFE0h mov qword ptr [a],rcx ; rbp+16 mov qword ptr [b],rdx ; rbp+24 add rcx,rdx mov qword ptr [c],rcx ; rbp-8 mov rax,qword ptr [c] leave (mov rsp,rbp) 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 backup rbp Return Address arg : a arg : b rsp rbp local : c local : d local : e local : f
Caller Callee AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_ASM_RBP AsmTest64.exe! Add_ASM_RBP(QWORD, QWORD): push rbp mov rbp,rsp add rsp,0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFE0h mov qword ptr [a],rcx ; rbp+16 mov qword ptr [b],rdx ; rbp+24 add rcx,rdx mov qword ptr [c],rcx ; rbp-8 mov rax,qword ptr [c] leave (pop rbp) 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 Return Address arg : a arg : b rsp
AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_ASM_RBP AsmTest64.exe! Add_ASM_RBP(QWORD, QWORD): push rbp mov rbp,rsp add rsp,0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFE0h mov qword ptr [a],rcx ; rbp+16 mov qword ptr [b],rdx ; rbp+24 add rcx,rdx mov qword ptr [c],rcx ; rbp-8 mov rax,qword ptr [c] leave ret 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 arg : a arg : b rsp
AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_ASM_RBP mov dword ptr [c],eax AsmTest64.exe! Add_ASM_RBP(QWORD, QWORD): push rbp mov rbp,rsp add rsp,0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFE0h mov qword ptr [a],rcx ; rbp+16 mov qword ptr [b],rdx ; rbp+24 add rcx,rdx mov qword ptr [c],rcx ; rbp-8 mov rax,qword ptr [c] leave ret 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 arg : a arg : b rsp local : c
AsmTest64.exe!Test(void): sub rsp,38h mov edx,2 mov ecx,1 call Add_ASM_RBP mov dword ptr [c],eax add rsp,38h ret AsmTest64.exe! Add_ASM_RBP(QWORD, QWORD): push rbp mov rbp,rsp add rsp,0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFE0h mov qword ptr [a],rcx ; rbp+16 mov qword ptr [b],rdx ; rbp+24 add rcx,rdx mov qword ptr [c],rcx ; rbp-8 mov rax,qword ptr [c] leave ret 0x000000000014feb8 0x000000000014feb0 0x000000000014fea8 0x000000000014fea0 0x000000000014fe98 0x000000000014fe90 0x000000000014fe88 0x000000000014fe80 0x000000000014fe78 0x000000000014ff70 0x000000000014fe68 0x000000000014fe60 0x000000000014fe58 0x000000000014fe50 rsp
asm에서 다른 함수 호출 1. rcx,rdx,r8,r9에 4개의 파라미터 카피 2. 파라미터 개수 4개 초과일 경우 1. 추가로 전달할 파라미터 사이즈만큼 RSP레지스터의 값을 빼준다. 2. RSP의 주소로부터 높은 주소로 진행하며 파라미터를 스택에 카피 3. 파라미터 전달용 스택 메모리(arg home area)를 확보해준다. 1. arg home area를 위해 sub rsp,32 2. 호출 전 rsp레지스터의 값이 16의 배수여야 한다.
호출할 함수 선언 • CRT함수나 win32 API함수 호출시 추가적인 선언 필요 fscanf PROTO strlen PROTO memcpy PROTO rand PROTO MessageBoxA PROTO
함수호출 예제 • 16 Byte Align 규칙 위반 테스트
구조체 사용 VECTOR4 STRUCT x REAL4 ? y REAL4 ? z REAL4 ? w REAL4 ? VECTOR4 ENDS VECTOR4_SIZE EQU 16
코드 샘플
비교 및 치환
vector x matrix
가변인자 함수 호출
가상함수 호출 분석
Reference • x64 소프트웨어 규칙 | Microsoft Docs • Rules and Limitations for Naked Functions | Microsoft Docs • Introduction to x64 Assembly (intel.com)

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