Virtual chemistry experiments
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This document provides instructions for several chemistry experiments that are demonstrated in videos on a YouTube channel. It describes how to perform experiments to: 1. Oxidize an aldehyde using Tollens' reagent, which is prepared by mixing solutions of silver nitrate and sodium hydroxide followed by addition of ammonia solution. 2. Prepare Schweitzer's reagent by dissolving a copper hydroxide precipitate formed from copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide solutions in ammonia to produce a solution used to dissolve cellulose. 3. Make soap by heating oil with a sodium hydroxide solution in a porcelain capsule for 1.5-2 hours.
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This document discusses spectroscopic methods in inorganic chemistry, focusing on infrared (IR) spectroscopy. It provides information on:
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Wild fennel, thyme, and juniper are Mediterranean plants with various culinary and medicinal uses. Fennel contains aromatic substances and nutrients. Its heart, seeds, and leaves can flavor foods. Thyme contains compounds like thymol and carvacrol and is used as a tea or dried herb. Juniper berries flavor meats, fish, and alcohol. All parts of the plants contain beneficial compounds and can be used fresh or dried to season foods and drinks.Medicinal herbs (Erasmus project)
This document discusses medicinal herbs and their uses. It begins by defining medicinal plants as plants or herbs that have recognized healing properties and medical uses. Herbal medicine is described as one of the oldest forms of medical treatment. The document then provides background on the early history of herbalism, noting that early humans learned about beneficial and poisonous plants through observation and trial and error. It discusses how knowledge of herbalism developed after the first millennium CE when several botanists wrote on medicinal plant usage. Specific plants are then highlighted, including aloe vera which is used for skin applications, and peppermint which can be used for digestive issues and as a facial wash.
Biogas Lab
The document describes a school project to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion of organic waste. Students designed and built a simple biodigester system using a water bath to heat the digester. They filled the digester 3/4 full with a mixture of 40% organic waste and water. Analysis of the gas produced through gas chromatography confirmed the presence of methane, indicating biogas had been successfully generated. The students were pleased with producing biogas and learning about an educational system for generating renewable energy from organic materials.
Bioethanol Lab
Bioethanol is a petrol substitute produced mainly through sugar fermentation or chemical reaction. It is renewable, reduces greenhouse gases, and is less toxic than fossil fuels. However, large-scale bioethanol production requires significant land and water use, potentially threatening food supply and biodiversity. While bioethanol can be blended at low levels with petrol, higher blends require engine modifications. Some vehicles are now designed to operate on blends up to E85.
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- 2. OUR YOUTUBE CHANNEL https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCryKIucaTZJWkPrt6ntJK6A/videos By copying this link or with just a simple search of : PIN Romania, you could see step by step how each of the experiments bellow were done.
- 3. ALDEHYDE'S OXIDATION WITH TOLLENS REAGENT. THE OBTAINING OF TOLLENS REAGENT(SILVER DIAMINO HYDROXIDE)Materials: aldehyde, solutions of AgNO3(silver nitrate), NaOH(sodium hydroxide) and ammonia solution, glasses, test tubes; Procedure: 1. We mix the solution of silver nitrate with the solution of sodium hydroxide. After this, the precipitate obtained is dissolved with ammonia solution, when the Tollens reagent is formed. AgNO3 + NaOH = AgOH + NaNO3 AgOH + NH3 = [ Ag (NH3)2] OH 2. A few ml of aldehyde is introduced into a test tube. Then we added a few ml of Tollens reagent to the aldehyde solution, then heated the test tube into the flames The silver mirror appears.
- 5. OBTAINING OF SCHWEITZER REACTIVE.Materials: solutions of copper sulphate, solution of NaOH , ammonia solution, test tubes; Procedure: We pour the solution of sodium hydroxide (few ml) over the copper sulphate solution; the blue precipitate formed( Cu(OH)2 ) is dissolved by the addition of ammonia. The color ink solution obtained is the Schweitzer reagent (tetraamine copper hydroxide) - used to dissolve cellulose. CuSO4 +2 NaOH = Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 Cu(OH)2 +4NH4 OH = [Cu(NH3 )4 ](OH)2 + 4H2O
- 7. MAKING SOAP Materials: oil, sodium hydroxide solution, test tubes, porcelain capsule, balance, heating source, tastes; Procedure - The solid sodium hydroxide weighed is dissolved in water; - We pour the oil over the NaOH solution in the porcelain capsule, then we heat for 1.5-2 hours;
- 9. THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION- Romanian Team