The document summarizes the reconstruction of an ancient Dipylon shield by the KORYVANTES Association of Historic Studies. The association reconstructed an early body-shield variant from the late Bronze Age using only natural materials and techniques of the time. Testing showed the shield was surprisingly portable due to a baldric and double-grip, though less maneuverable than smaller hoplite shields. The association aims to popularize their research through open-air presentations, documentaries, and collaborating to include their reconstructions in video games.
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The design and construction of armor have evolved over time in response to changes in warfare, technology, and materials available.
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They can be made from various materials, including metal, leather, or even more modern materials like Kevlar. It can cover different parts of the body, such as the torso, limbs, and head, depending on the specific needs of the wearer and the type of combat they anticipate encountering.
With the advent of firearms in the early modern period, armor underwent significant changes. Plate armor became less practical against bullets, leading to the development of lighter, more flexible designs like the cuirassier armor worn by cavalry units. These were often made from hardened leather or metal plates to provide protection while maintaining mobility.
The image presented herein is of a type of armor designed for use on horseback when armed with pistols and swords, known as Cuirassier Armor.
This particular type of suit of armor was used extensively during the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648). Note the lack of defenses on the lower legs, as these would normally have been guarded by tall leather boots.
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2. KORYVANTES Association of Historic Studies
Reconstructing the “Dipylon” Shield
Experimental archaeology,
experiential testing
and modern educational adaptations
Research and construction by
Dimitris KATSIKIS
Researcher and Re-constructor of ancient weaponry
www.hellenicarmors.com
Study by
Nikolaos KLEISIARIS
Mech. Eng. (MSc, BEng)
Presented by
Christos BOUTSIDIS
Archaeologist (MA, PhD Candidate)
KORYVANTES Association of Historic Studies
koryvanteshoplites@gmail.com
3. The Dipylon Shield – a mystery of the late Bronze Age
KORYVANTES Association of Historic Studies
The Dipylon shield is a massive elliptical shield with
2 characteristic side openings
It exists since mid-Bronze Age alongside Figure-8
and Sakkos body-shields
It is the only Bronze Age body-shield type still in use
throughout Geometric Era and into the Archaic Era
evolving gradually into the smaller Boetian shield
No full or even partial physical remains have ever
been found probably due to its perishable nature
It is attested in artistic depictions over a period of
almost 1000 years but these provide few details
It obviously varied in typology ranging from earlier
voluminous body-shields down to Boetian-like sizes
Essentially, like most things of the Geometric Era,
its nature and type of use remain a mystery
4. Reconstructing a Dipylon Shield – the body shield variant
KORYVANTES Association of Historic Studies
In late 2011 our Association undertook the first
modern systematic attempt of experimentally
reconstructing the Dipylon shield
Following study, an earlier body-shield type in use
till early Geometric Era was opted for construction
The construction made exclusive use of natural,
locally traced materials, and techniques of the era
Built upon the dimensions of the bearer, it measures
1.25m high, 0.90m wide and has a 0.10m radius of
curvature covering the quasi-totality of user’s body
Two 3mm layers of cowhide were tied with leather
straps at 80 points around a structural wicker frame
completed with mulberry lattice and decorated with
1,2mm copper bosses
The construction emphasized on structural strength,
it has a minimum thickness of protection of 6mm of
leather and it weighs about 11,5 kg
5. Reconstructing a Dipylon Shield – with baldric and double-grip
KORYVANTES Association of Historic Studies
The interior of the shield was covered in plain
natural thick linen to give it a “campaign” outlook
On the upper side openings there was placed a
leather baldric for carrying the shield on shoulder
The grip placement was a major issue as there is no
evidence in the ancient representations
The single grip seemed more difficult to handle
because of weight and width and associated torque
The Boetian-style vertical double-grip did not cater
for all range of movements when the baldric is used
Adding an Argive-type double grip was found to be
comfortable in handling particularly for baldric use
The shield may be used carried over the shoulder
alone; the double grip also allows the bearer to use
any of the grips alone if momentarily needed
6. Testing the Dipylon Shield – a body shield in use
KORYVANTES Association of Historic Studies
A first opportunity for extensive practical testing of
the shield appeared during the event for the 2500
years since the Battle of Marathon
The shield was put to a primary set of basic field
tests related to portability and general ease of use
In spite of the shield’s weight, the usage of baldric
and double-grip renders it fully portable for long
It allows a range of movements including frontal and
side positioning with/without usage of baldric as well
as enabling javelin throwing
The shield is voluminous, static and inherently less
maneuverable than hoplite shields
Usage of spear through the sides is feasible but
requires training as it is not as easy as overarm
The side openings were found to be extremely
useful for close-combat and usage of sword
7. The Dipylon Shield – overview of the reconstruction
KORYVANTES Association of Historic Studies
Our reconstructed Dipylon shield aimed at being an
impressive full-body shield of considerable strength
The requirement for structural strength while using
materials and tooling of the era was a guideline for
the overall reconstruction
It is surprisingly portable for its size and weight due
to employment of baldric and double grip
Yet, its maneuverability has limitations as is the
case for all voluminous, body-size shields
It can be used with an array of weapons ranging
from spears and swords to javelins and slings
It provides high levels of protection from missiles,
and cutting/thrusting close-combat weapons
Interestingly, the shield’s lattice presents a spring
effect that increases the offered protection
The overall testing has provided experience
concerning most types of body-shields in general
8. The reconstructed Dipylon Shield – into popularisation!
KORYVANTES Association of Historic Studies
KORYVANTES Association works hard to develop
and maintain effective channels of popularization
Examples are the Association’s participation in
numerous documentaries, TV programmes etc.
An indispensable popularization channel is the
direct contact with the public and the live
presentation of the Association’s work in the field
The latter is done through participation in
established Open Air Museum presentations
During these Association presents and promotes its
latest work in reconstructing armor and weaponry
as well as showcasing their associated usage
The reconstructed Dipylon was publicly presented
in the “Gallo-Roman days” 2012 event, an open
air archaeological festival of the Gallo-Roman
Museum of Saint-Romain-en-Gal in Vienne, Lyons
region, France
9. The reconstructed Dipylon Shield – into mass popularisation!
KORYVANTES Association of Historic Studies
KORYVANTES Association also works hard to find
means of reaching the wider public
The video games industry, today bigger than the
film industry, is the ideal mass popularization
means
Advanced video games such as ROME TOTAL
WAR II (RTWII) played by more than 1 million
people around the world form an ideal platform
KORYVANTES Association works with RTWII
Greek Community in the development of ‘mods’
adding features with historic depth into the game
This collaborative work resulted in the RTWII Greek
Community being voted 3nd best ‘mod’ in the world
The team currently works in a Bronze Age theme
featuring Mycenaean units and tactics
By all means, the Dipylon shield that is currently
being designed is modelled after our reconstruction!
10. Research, experiment, construct, experience, communicate...
KORYVANTES Association of Historic Studies
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