Gesamtkunstwerk refers to a total work of art that brings together all art forms. Richard Wagner coined the term in 1849 to describe his vision for opera. In the 1960s, artists began experimenting with new media and viewing environments that incorporated multiple projections and screens to expand visual horizons and intensify the viewing experience. Pioneering artists like Stan Vanderbeek, Ray and Charles Eames, Andy Warhol, and Bill Viola created immersive multimedia installations that blurred boundaries between viewer and artwork.