The venous drainage of the brain occurs through a complex system of deep and superficial veins. The superficial system drains the superficial fifth of the cerebrum while the deep system drains the remaining four-fifths. These veins pierce the arachnoid mater and dura mater to open into dural venous sinuses. The major veins include the superior and inferior cerebral veins, internal cerebral veins, basal vein of Rosenthal, vein of Galen, and petrosal and galenic vein groups which drain into dural sinuses like the superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus. The brain's venous system lacks valves and has thin walls to facilitate drainage.
The document discusses the venous anatomy of the brain. It describes the superficial and deep venous systems that drain the brain. The superficial system includes four drainage groups - the superior sagittal, sphenoidal, tentorial, and falcine groups. These groups drain into dural sinuses. The deep system includes ventricular veins that drain the lateral ventricles and cisternal veins that drain the basal cisterns. Key veins discussed include the internal cerebral veins, great vein, basal vein, and veins within the posterior fossa. Understanding the venous anatomy is important for surgical planning and radiological localization of lesions.
Posterior fossa contains vital structures including cerebellum and brain stem and Vertebrobasilar vascular tree. Posterior fossa is supplied by AICA, PICA, SCA and PCA and their branches.
This document discusses surgical approaches for petroclival meningiomas. Petroclival meningiomas originate in the petroclival region anterior to the internal auditory canal and displace cranial nerves VII and VIII posteriorly. The anterior petrosal approach allows exposure of zone I of the petroclival region through a subtemporal or frontotemporal craniotomy and anterior petrosectomy. The posterior petrosal approach utilizes a temporal craniotomy with presigmoid craniectomy and retrosigmoid craniectomy to expose zone II. The lateral suboccipital approach provides exposure of zones I, II, and III through a keyhole inferior to the sigmoid sinus.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the third ventricle and surgical approaches to it. It begins with a brief historical review of discoveries about the ventricles from ancient Greek physicians to the 20th century. It then describes in detail the structures that make up the walls, roof, and floor of the third ventricle. Finally, it discusses various surgical approaches such as transcortical, transcallosal, and endoscopic approaches as well as complications that can occur. The key information provided is the detailed anatomy of the third ventricle and surgical techniques for accessing it.
This document summarizes the supratentorial venous system. It describes the dural sinuses including the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses, transverse sinus, tentorial sinus, and cavernous sinus. It then discusses the cerebral veins including the superficial veins like the superficial sagittal group and deep veins like the ventricular group containing the internal cerebral vein and choroidal vein. It also mentions important anastomotic veins like the vein of Labbe and vein of Trolard that connect different sinuses. In the end, it notes the clinical importance of understanding venous anatomy.
4 th ventricle- Anatomical and surgical perspectivesuresh Bishokarma
4th ventricle connects the entire ventricular system of brain. Its connection with cisterns magna and cerebella pontine cistern via foramen of magenta and Luschka. CSF absorbs into the arachnoid granulation.
This document provides a detailed anatomical description of the structures that make up the fourth ventricle. It describes the roof, floor, and lateral recesses of the fourth ventricle. The roof is divided into an upper and lower portion. The upper portion includes the superior medullary velum and is related to the cerebellomesencephalic fissure. The lower portion includes the inferior medullary velum, nodule, and tela choroidea and is related to the cerebellomedullary fissure. The lateral recesses open into the cerebellopontine angles. The floor is divided into three parts. The document provides a comprehensive overview of the microsurgical anatomy of
The document discusses the venous anatomy of the brain. It describes the superficial and deep venous systems that drain the brain. The superficial system includes four drainage groups - the superior sagittal, sphenoidal, tentorial, and falcine groups. These groups drain into dural sinuses. The deep system includes ventricular veins that drain the lateral ventricles and cisternal veins that drain the basal cisterns. Key veins discussed include the internal cerebral veins, great vein, basal vein, and veins within the posterior fossa. Understanding the venous anatomy is important for surgical planning and radiological localization of lesions.
Posterior fossa contains vital structures including cerebellum and brain stem and Vertebrobasilar vascular tree. Posterior fossa is supplied by AICA, PICA, SCA and PCA and their branches.
This document discusses surgical approaches for petroclival meningiomas. Petroclival meningiomas originate in the petroclival region anterior to the internal auditory canal and displace cranial nerves VII and VIII posteriorly. The anterior petrosal approach allows exposure of zone I of the petroclival region through a subtemporal or frontotemporal craniotomy and anterior petrosectomy. The posterior petrosal approach utilizes a temporal craniotomy with presigmoid craniectomy and retrosigmoid craniectomy to expose zone II. The lateral suboccipital approach provides exposure of zones I, II, and III through a keyhole inferior to the sigmoid sinus.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the third ventricle and surgical approaches to it. It begins with a brief historical review of discoveries about the ventricles from ancient Greek physicians to the 20th century. It then describes in detail the structures that make up the walls, roof, and floor of the third ventricle. Finally, it discusses various surgical approaches such as transcortical, transcallosal, and endoscopic approaches as well as complications that can occur. The key information provided is the detailed anatomy of the third ventricle and surgical techniques for accessing it.
This document summarizes the supratentorial venous system. It describes the dural sinuses including the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses, transverse sinus, tentorial sinus, and cavernous sinus. It then discusses the cerebral veins including the superficial veins like the superficial sagittal group and deep veins like the ventricular group containing the internal cerebral vein and choroidal vein. It also mentions important anastomotic veins like the vein of Labbe and vein of Trolard that connect different sinuses. In the end, it notes the clinical importance of understanding venous anatomy.
4 th ventricle- Anatomical and surgical perspectivesuresh Bishokarma
4th ventricle connects the entire ventricular system of brain. Its connection with cisterns magna and cerebella pontine cistern via foramen of magenta and Luschka. CSF absorbs into the arachnoid granulation.
This document provides a detailed anatomical description of the structures that make up the fourth ventricle. It describes the roof, floor, and lateral recesses of the fourth ventricle. The roof is divided into an upper and lower portion. The upper portion includes the superior medullary velum and is related to the cerebellomesencephalic fissure. The lower portion includes the inferior medullary velum, nodule, and tela choroidea and is related to the cerebellomedullary fissure. The lateral recesses open into the cerebellopontine angles. The floor is divided into three parts. The document provides a comprehensive overview of the microsurgical anatomy of
The document describes the anatomy and relationships of the tentorium cerebelli. It is a extension of dura that separates the occipital lobes from the cerebellum. It forms the anterior, middle, and posterior incisural spaces which contain neural, vascular, and cerebrospinal fluid structures. The anterior incisural space contains parts of the circle of Willis and optic structures. The middle incisural space contains cranial nerves 4 and 5 and relates to the temporal horn. The posterior incisural space contains the vein of Galen and quadrigeminal cistern. Herniation can occur through these spaces which can compress surrounding structures.
This document provides an overview of anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy (ATL-AH) for the treatment of epilepsy. It describes the anatomy of the temporal lobe, historical background of the surgery, patient selection criteria, preoperative evaluation including imaging and EEG patterns, surgical decision making, surgical procedure steps including positioning, craniotomy, resection of lateral and mesial temporal structures, complications, and outcomes. The surgery involves resection of the anterior temporal lobe including lateral neocortical regions and deeper mesial structures such as the hippocampus and amygdala to treat drug-resistant focal epilepsy originating in the temporal lobe.
The document provides details about the pterional craniotomy procedure, including:
- The pterional craniotomy allows exposure of the frontal, temporal, and parietal bones and provides access to lesions in the anterior circulation.
- Key steps include patient positioning with 30-60 degree head rotation, a curvilinear scalp incision, temporalis muscle dissection, three burr holes with craniotomy, sphenoid bone drilling, dura opening, and Sylvian fissure dissection.
- Closure involves checking for bleeding, dural closure, bone flap replacement, and layered soft tissue closure. Limitations include exposure limitations depending on lesion size and location.
Cisterns of brain and its contents along with its classification and approach...Rajeev Bhandari
This presentation tell us about the basic of cistern , according to its classification both supra tentorial and infratentorial along with ventral and dorsal cistern. basically the cistern contains are well explained on this slide nerve , artery and vein. I hope it will help to rembember well about the contains of cistern and different location of cisterns.
The document describes the anatomy and surgical approaches to the cavernous sinus. It contains the following key points:
1. The cavernous sinus is a paired structure located on either side of the sella turcica. It contains several cranial nerves and the internal carotid artery.
2. There are various surgical approaches to access different regions of the cavernous sinus such as the frontotemporal approach, transzygomatic approach, and endoscopic endonasal approach.
3. Extradural bone removal such as sphenoid wing reduction and optic canal unroofing provide a wider surgical corridor. Intradural dissection of the cavernous sinus exposes the cranial nerves
This document discusses the anatomy of the skull base triangles. It begins by naming the 10 triangles, which are divided into 4 cavernous sinus triangles and 6 middle fossa triangles. Each triangle is then defined by its borders and contents. Key structures discussed include the anterior clinoid process, carotid oculomotor membrane, cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery, and cranial nerves III, IV, V and VI. The relationships between these structures are illustrated in several diagrams. Videos are also provided that demonstrate anterior clinoid drilling techniques.
Before embarking on an approach, the surgeon should be familiar with both the ventricular anatomy and the options for optimally Accessing lesions in third ventricle is a surgical challenge because of its difficult corridor as well as deeper location, need of neural incision, preservation of vascular, thalamus and hypothalamus and likely risk of fornix injury.
Natural history of cavernous malformations:
1. They have a sporadic or familial form and can occur anywhere in the CNS but are most common supratentorially.
2. Clinical findings include hemorrhages surrounding the lesion seen on MRI. Lesions can increase in size from repeated small hemorrhages.
3. The risk of rebleeding is higher for symptomatic lesions and those with overt extralesional hemorrhage, ranging from 5-30% per year depending on location in the brain or spinal cord.
This document describes various craniometric points and landmarks that are used as references in neurosurgery. It defines points such as the pterion, asterion, euryon, stephanion, vertex, nasion, inion, glabella, bregma, lambda, and others. It explains the location and anatomical relationships of each point. It also discusses how some craniometric points are used to localize structures like the ventricles, cortical areas such as the motor cortex, venous structures, and for strategically placing burr holes during craniotomies. Understanding the location of these points is important for surgical planning and navigation.
imaging and anatomy of blood supply of brainSunil Kumar
The summary provides an overview of the arterial supply of the brain in 3 sentences:
The brain receives its arterial blood supply from the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. The internal carotid arteries give rise to branches that supply the anterior circulation including the anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery. These arteries anastomose at the circle of Willis and give off numerous smaller branches to perfuse the brain.
The brain receives its blood supply from two internal carotid arteries and two vertebral arteries. These vessels anastomose at the base of the brain to form the Circle of Willis. The internal carotid artery gives off branches that supply the anterior circulation, including the anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery. The vertebral arteries join to form the basilar artery, which supplies the posterior circulation via the posterior cerebral artery. Venous drainage follows complex patterns into dural sinuses and cerebral veins before emptying into the internal jugular veins.
This document summarizes the venous drainage of the brain. It describes the major dural venous sinuses, including the superior group composed of the straight, sagittal, and transverse sinuses and the basal group including the cavernous, petrosal, and sphenoparietal sinuses. It also details the cerebral veins including the superficial veins that drain to the cavernous sinus and deep veins like the basal veins of Rosenthal and internal cerebral vein that drain to the vein of Galen and straight sinus. Finally, it discusses the posterior fossa veins like the anterior and posterior pontomesencephalic veins.
Liliequist membrane may be understood as a projection formed by an arachnoid membrane extending from the dorsum sellae to the mammillary bodies coined after Liliequist (1956). It has surgical importance in Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and cisternostomy.
The third ventricle is a midline cavity located between the two thalami and hypothalamus. It extends from the lamina terminalis anteriorly to the cerebral aqueduct posteriorly. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is a minimally invasive procedure to create an opening in the floor of the third ventricle to treat hydrocephalus. The procedure involves using an endoscope to navigate to the third ventricle where an opening is made using instruments or cautery. A balloon may be used to dilate the opening. The procedure aims to divert cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles into the subarachnoid space.
This document discusses foramen magnum meningiomas, a type of brain tumor. It defines the foramen magnum region and describes the structures that pass through it. Foramen magnum meningiomas present with variable neurological symptoms and are challenging to treat due to their proximity to critical structures. Imaging plays an important role in diagnosis and surgical planning. The surgical approach depends on factors such as tumor location and relationship to the vertebral artery. Complications can include lower cranial nerve deficits, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and vascular injury. Complete resection remains the goal but must be balanced against risk of morbidity.
This document discusses the classification and management of spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). It begins by describing the different types of spinal vascular abnormalities, including AV malformations and fistulas. It then discusses various classification systems for spinal AVMs, highlighting the widely accepted Anson-Spetzler classification system which divides AVMs into 4 main types. The document provides details on types I and II lesions, describing dural arteriovenous fistulas and glomus AVMs respectively. It covers arterial and venous anatomy, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics and management considerations for spinal vascular malformations.
The document summarizes the cerebral venous system, including:
- Cerebral veins drain the brain and lack valves, emptying into dural venous sinuses between the dura layers.
- The major dural venous sinuses include the superior and inferior sagittal, straight, occipital, transverse, sigmoid, and cavernous sinuses.
- The sinuses receive blood from cerebral veins and CSF from arachnoid villi before draining into the internal jugular veins.
The document describes the anatomy and relationships of the tentorium cerebelli. It is a extension of dura that separates the occipital lobes from the cerebellum. It forms the anterior, middle, and posterior incisural spaces which contain neural, vascular, and cerebrospinal fluid structures. The anterior incisural space contains parts of the circle of Willis and optic structures. The middle incisural space contains cranial nerves 4 and 5 and relates to the temporal horn. The posterior incisural space contains the vein of Galen and quadrigeminal cistern. Herniation can occur through these spaces which can compress surrounding structures.
This document provides an overview of anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy (ATL-AH) for the treatment of epilepsy. It describes the anatomy of the temporal lobe, historical background of the surgery, patient selection criteria, preoperative evaluation including imaging and EEG patterns, surgical decision making, surgical procedure steps including positioning, craniotomy, resection of lateral and mesial temporal structures, complications, and outcomes. The surgery involves resection of the anterior temporal lobe including lateral neocortical regions and deeper mesial structures such as the hippocampus and amygdala to treat drug-resistant focal epilepsy originating in the temporal lobe.
The document provides details about the pterional craniotomy procedure, including:
- The pterional craniotomy allows exposure of the frontal, temporal, and parietal bones and provides access to lesions in the anterior circulation.
- Key steps include patient positioning with 30-60 degree head rotation, a curvilinear scalp incision, temporalis muscle dissection, three burr holes with craniotomy, sphenoid bone drilling, dura opening, and Sylvian fissure dissection.
- Closure involves checking for bleeding, dural closure, bone flap replacement, and layered soft tissue closure. Limitations include exposure limitations depending on lesion size and location.
Cisterns of brain and its contents along with its classification and approach...Rajeev Bhandari
This presentation tell us about the basic of cistern , according to its classification both supra tentorial and infratentorial along with ventral and dorsal cistern. basically the cistern contains are well explained on this slide nerve , artery and vein. I hope it will help to rembember well about the contains of cistern and different location of cisterns.
The document describes the anatomy and surgical approaches to the cavernous sinus. It contains the following key points:
1. The cavernous sinus is a paired structure located on either side of the sella turcica. It contains several cranial nerves and the internal carotid artery.
2. There are various surgical approaches to access different regions of the cavernous sinus such as the frontotemporal approach, transzygomatic approach, and endoscopic endonasal approach.
3. Extradural bone removal such as sphenoid wing reduction and optic canal unroofing provide a wider surgical corridor. Intradural dissection of the cavernous sinus exposes the cranial nerves
This document discusses the anatomy of the skull base triangles. It begins by naming the 10 triangles, which are divided into 4 cavernous sinus triangles and 6 middle fossa triangles. Each triangle is then defined by its borders and contents. Key structures discussed include the anterior clinoid process, carotid oculomotor membrane, cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery, and cranial nerves III, IV, V and VI. The relationships between these structures are illustrated in several diagrams. Videos are also provided that demonstrate anterior clinoid drilling techniques.
Before embarking on an approach, the surgeon should be familiar with both the ventricular anatomy and the options for optimally Accessing lesions in third ventricle is a surgical challenge because of its difficult corridor as well as deeper location, need of neural incision, preservation of vascular, thalamus and hypothalamus and likely risk of fornix injury.
Natural history of cavernous malformations:
1. They have a sporadic or familial form and can occur anywhere in the CNS but are most common supratentorially.
2. Clinical findings include hemorrhages surrounding the lesion seen on MRI. Lesions can increase in size from repeated small hemorrhages.
3. The risk of rebleeding is higher for symptomatic lesions and those with overt extralesional hemorrhage, ranging from 5-30% per year depending on location in the brain or spinal cord.
This document describes various craniometric points and landmarks that are used as references in neurosurgery. It defines points such as the pterion, asterion, euryon, stephanion, vertex, nasion, inion, glabella, bregma, lambda, and others. It explains the location and anatomical relationships of each point. It also discusses how some craniometric points are used to localize structures like the ventricles, cortical areas such as the motor cortex, venous structures, and for strategically placing burr holes during craniotomies. Understanding the location of these points is important for surgical planning and navigation.
imaging and anatomy of blood supply of brainSunil Kumar
The summary provides an overview of the arterial supply of the brain in 3 sentences:
The brain receives its arterial blood supply from the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. The internal carotid arteries give rise to branches that supply the anterior circulation including the anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery. These arteries anastomose at the circle of Willis and give off numerous smaller branches to perfuse the brain.
The brain receives its blood supply from two internal carotid arteries and two vertebral arteries. These vessels anastomose at the base of the brain to form the Circle of Willis. The internal carotid artery gives off branches that supply the anterior circulation, including the anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery. The vertebral arteries join to form the basilar artery, which supplies the posterior circulation via the posterior cerebral artery. Venous drainage follows complex patterns into dural sinuses and cerebral veins before emptying into the internal jugular veins.
This document summarizes the venous drainage of the brain. It describes the major dural venous sinuses, including the superior group composed of the straight, sagittal, and transverse sinuses and the basal group including the cavernous, petrosal, and sphenoparietal sinuses. It also details the cerebral veins including the superficial veins that drain to the cavernous sinus and deep veins like the basal veins of Rosenthal and internal cerebral vein that drain to the vein of Galen and straight sinus. Finally, it discusses the posterior fossa veins like the anterior and posterior pontomesencephalic veins.
Liliequist membrane may be understood as a projection formed by an arachnoid membrane extending from the dorsum sellae to the mammillary bodies coined after Liliequist (1956). It has surgical importance in Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and cisternostomy.
The third ventricle is a midline cavity located between the two thalami and hypothalamus. It extends from the lamina terminalis anteriorly to the cerebral aqueduct posteriorly. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is a minimally invasive procedure to create an opening in the floor of the third ventricle to treat hydrocephalus. The procedure involves using an endoscope to navigate to the third ventricle where an opening is made using instruments or cautery. A balloon may be used to dilate the opening. The procedure aims to divert cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles into the subarachnoid space.
This document discusses foramen magnum meningiomas, a type of brain tumor. It defines the foramen magnum region and describes the structures that pass through it. Foramen magnum meningiomas present with variable neurological symptoms and are challenging to treat due to their proximity to critical structures. Imaging plays an important role in diagnosis and surgical planning. The surgical approach depends on factors such as tumor location and relationship to the vertebral artery. Complications can include lower cranial nerve deficits, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and vascular injury. Complete resection remains the goal but must be balanced against risk of morbidity.
This document discusses the classification and management of spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). It begins by describing the different types of spinal vascular abnormalities, including AV malformations and fistulas. It then discusses various classification systems for spinal AVMs, highlighting the widely accepted Anson-Spetzler classification system which divides AVMs into 4 main types. The document provides details on types I and II lesions, describing dural arteriovenous fistulas and glomus AVMs respectively. It covers arterial and venous anatomy, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics and management considerations for spinal vascular malformations.
The document summarizes the cerebral venous system, including:
- Cerebral veins drain the brain and lack valves, emptying into dural venous sinuses between the dura layers.
- The major dural venous sinuses include the superior and inferior sagittal, straight, occipital, transverse, sigmoid, and cavernous sinuses.
- The sinuses receive blood from cerebral veins and CSF from arachnoid villi before draining into the internal jugular veins.
The document discusses the venous drainage of the head and neck. It begins by defining veins and their role in transporting deoxygenated blood. It then describes the different types of veins and the structure of vein walls. The document discusses the development of the venous system during embryogenesis. It provides details on specific veins that drain the head, face, neck and brain, such as the facial vein, supraorbital vein, maxillary vein, and internal and external jugular veins. It notes that facial veins have no valves and connect to the cavernous sinus, so infections can spread from facial veins to intracranial sinuses.
The document summarizes the venous anatomy of the brain. It describes how the cerebral veins do not run with the arteries and lack valves and muscle. It outlines the three segments of cerebral venous drainage - outer, intermediate, and cerebral. Key structures discussed include the dural venous sinuses, cortical veins, diploic veins, meningeal veins, and anastomotic veins.
The fourth ventricle lies between the brainstem and cerebellum. It is continuous with the cerebral aqueduct rostrally and the central canal of the spinal cord caudally. The floor contains cranial nerve nuclei and is divided by a median sulcus. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the ventricles and circulates from the fourth ventricle through openings to the subarachnoid space and is absorbed through arachnoid villi into venous sinuses.
The document discusses the anatomy of stroke, including definitions, risk factors, types of stroke, and the vascular supply and drainage of the brain. It provides detailed descriptions and diagrams of the major arteries supplying the brain, including the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries. It also outlines the venous drainage pathways in the brain, specifically the superficial cerebral veins, deep cerebral veins, and dural venous sinuses.
Cerebral Venous anatomy from the neuroradiology point of view. Anatomy of the cerebral veins and venous sinuses. Important for Neuroradiologists and Neurointerventionalists.
BLOOD SUPPLY of brain and spinal cord.pptxmunnam37
The document summarizes the blood supply of the brain and spinal cord. It discusses the major arteries including the internal carotid, vertebral, and basilar arteries. It describes the branches and territories supplied by the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries. It also discusses important anastomoses like the Circle of Willis. Various artery syndromes are summarized such as anterior cerebral artery occlusion presenting with contralateral leg weakness. Important veins are also mentioned along with clinical correlations of arterial occlusions.
The document summarizes the major veins of the head and neck region. It begins by classifying veins and listing the major superficial and deep veins of the neck. It then discusses key facial veins like the facial vein and maxillary vein. The document also covers veins within the brain like the dural venous sinuses and cavernous sinus. It emphasizes the clinical relevance of dural sinus thrombosis which can occur from head and neck infections or injuries.
The document summarizes the major veins and lymph drainage of the neck. It describes the courses and tributaries of the external jugular, anterior jugular, internal jugular, and subclavian veins. It also outlines the regional cervical lymph nodes, including the occipital, retroauricular, parotid, buccal, submandibular, submental, anterior cervical, and superficial cervical nodes. Finally, it discusses the deep cervical lymph nodes located along the internal jugular vein within the carotid sheath.
The veins of the brain can be divided into superficial and deep veins. Superficial veins drain the outer structures of the brain while deep veins drain the inner structures. Major veins include the superior and inferior cerebral veins, superficial middle cerebral veins, great cerebral vein, internal cerebral veins, and superior and inferior cerebellar veins. These veins drain into dural venous sinuses, which then drain into the internal jugular veins. The unique venous drainage system of the brain differs from other body regions where venous drainage typically follows arterial supply.
The document summarizes the arterial supply, venous drainage, and lymphatics of the head and neck. It describes how the head and neck receive their arterial blood mainly from the carotid and vertebral arteries. It outlines the branches and territories of the external and internal carotid arteries. It also discusses the three major jugular veins - external, anterior, and internal - that are responsible for venous drainage. Finally, it briefly introduces the superficial and deep lymphatic vessels that drain the head and neck regions.
Venous Supply of head, neck and face ish.pptxishwaryar19
The document provides an overview of the venous drainage of the head and neck. It begins with an introduction to the venous system and embryology. It then describes the major veins of the head and neck region under several sections - exterior head and neck veins, cervical veins, and cranial/intracranial veins. Key veins discussed include the facial vein, maxillary vein, retromandibular vein, external and internal jugular veins, and dural venous sinuses. Clinical applications of venous anatomy are also noted.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of vessels and nerves in the neck. It begins with an introduction to the four compartments of the neck and their contents. It then discusses the main neurovascular bundles, arteries including the carotid and vertebral arteries, veins including the jugular veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, and the cervical plexus nerves. Throughout, it provides clinical correlations such as the risks of external jugular vein severance and uses of jugular venous pressure evaluation.
The document discusses the anatomy and contents of various cerebral cisterns and subarachnoid spaces. It describes the locations and key structures contained within several major cisterns, including the interpeduncular, quadrigeminal, ambient, sylvian, lamina terminalis and prepontine cisterns. It also discusses the subarachnoid spaces surrounding the brainstem and connections between cisterns and ventricles that allow blood and cerebrospinal fluid to circulate throughout the brain.
The document summarizes the major veins that return blood from different parts of the body to the heart. It describes how:
1. The superior and inferior vena cava return blood from the head, neck, upper body, and lower body respectively to the right atrium of the heart.
2. Veins in specific regions drain into these major veins - for example, veins in the brain drain into dural sinuses, which ultimately connect to the internal jugular vein.
3. Veins in the arms and legs have deep veins that follow the arterial path and superficial veins that drain more superficial structures and connect to the deep veins.
Venous drainage of head , neck and faceBhavesh Dhoke
The document summarizes the anatomy of head and neck veins. It describes the structure and layers of veins. It then discusses various superficial and deep veins of the head and neck region including the internal jugular vein, external jugular vein, anterior jugular vein, facial vein, pterygoid plexus, and venous sinuses. It notes that venous drainage of the head and neck terminates in the internal jugular vein. The document also briefly mentions diseases of veins.
VENOUS DRAINAGE OF HEAD, FACE, NECK AND BRAINDrVishal2
THIS SEMINAR ON VENOUS DRAINAGE OF HEAD, FACE, NECK AND BRAIN ENCOMPASSES ALL THE POSSIBLE DETAILED EXPLANATION ALONG WITH DIAGRAMMATIC ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SAME. APPLIED AND SURGICAL ANATOMY ALONG WITH RECENT MODALITIES HAS BEEN ADDED HEREIN..
The document describes the cerebral venous sinuses, which are venous spaces located within the dura mater of the brain. There are 8 paired and 7 unpaired venous sinuses that receive blood from the brain, meninges, and bones of the skull. The cavernous sinus is a large venous sinus located on either side of the sphenoid bone. It receives tributaries from the orbit, brain, and meninges and drains into the transverse sinus, internal jugular vein, and pterygoid plexus of veins through emissary veins. The superior and inferior sagittal sinuses are located within the falx cerebri and receive tributaries from cerebral veins and venous lacunae before draining into
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This document describes several neurological syndromes that result from lesions in the posterior circulation of the brain. It outlines the anatomical structures and clinical deficits involved in Weber syndrome, Claude syndrome, Benedikt syndrome, Nothnagel syndrome, and Parinaud syndrome, which result from lesions in the midbrain. It also describes medial and lateral pontine syndromes, including Foville syndrome, Mills' syndrome, and anterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome, which are caused by lesions in different regions of the pons.
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2. • The venous drainage of the brain occurs
through a complex system of:
• Deep and
• Superficial veins
• devoid of valves and
• With thin walls that lack muscular tissue.
• They pierce the arachnoid mater and
the inner layer of the dura mater to
open into the dural venous sinuses.
3.
4.
5. Superficial and Deep venous system
• The superficial venous system drains
• the superficial fifth of the thickness of the cerebrum
• the deep venous system drains
• the remaining four fifths of the depth of the cerebrum.
9. Superior cerebral veins : Drains Superolateral and Medial surface
• Superolaterally
• On the frontal and parietal lobes
• venous drainage directed
• the superior sagittal sinus superiorly or
• Superficial sylvian vein infeiorly
• On the temporal lobe,
• Venous drainage
• the superficial sylvian vein superiorly or
• inferiorly toward the dural sinuses below the temporal lobe
• Known as temporal cerebral veins
• 8 to 12 in number
10. • Medially:
• The medial frontal veins
• drain the medial surface of the frontal lobe.
• They can empty either
• superiorly into the superior sagittal sinus or
• inferiorly into the inferior sagittal sinus or
• into the veins that pass around the corpus callosum and drain into the anterior end of the basal vein.
• The medial parietal veins
• drain the medial surface of the parietal lobe.
• They can either empty
• superiorly into the superior sagittal sinus or
• course around the splenium of the corpus callosum and drain inferiorly into the vein of Galen or its tributaries.
• On both lobes, the veins commonly curve over the superior margin of the hemisphere onto
the upper part of the lateral surface where they join the terminal end of the veins from
the lateral surface before emptying into the superior sagittal sinus.
• Contd…
11. • The posterior pericallosal veins,
• one on each side,
• drain the posterior part of the cingulate gyrus and the precuneus and
• terminate in either
• the vein of Galen or
• the internal cerebral vein.
• The anterior and posterior calcarine veins drain the occipital lobe.
• The anterior calcarine or internal occipital vein arises
• drain the anterior portion of the cuneus and lingual gyrus and
• passes forward to join the posterior pericallosal vein near the splenium
• terminates in either the internal cerebral vein or the vein of Galen.
• The posterior calcarine vein
• drain the area bordering the posterior part of the calcarine fissure and
• then curves sharply upward on the cuneus to reach the superior sagittal sinus.
12. INFERIOR CEREBRAL VEINS
• Inferior frontal
• Anterior : Drains to SSS
• frontoorbital and frontopolar
• Posterior : joins deep sylvian vein
• Olfactory and posterior fronto-orbital
• Inferior temporal
• Medial : Empties into basal vein
• Lateral : drains into the sinuses in the anterolateral part of the tentorium
• composed of the anterior, middle, and posterior temporobasal veins.
• The temporobasal veins appear to radiate from the preoccipital notch across the inferior surface of the temporal
lobe.
• Occipitobasal veins : empties into lateral tentorial sinus
• anterolaterally toward the preoccipital notch and
• frequently joins the posterior temporobasal vein before emptying into the lateral tentorial sinus.
13. Superficial part of sylvian vein
• begins
• at the posterior part of the posterior ramus of the sylvian fissure,
• runs inferiorly and anteriorly along the fissure, and
• commonly anastomoses with the veins of Trolard and Labbé.
• Course:
• In the region of the pterion,
• it enters the dura,
• runs along the lesser wing of the sphenoid in the sphenoparietal sinus or sinus of the lesser wing of the
sphenoid,
• enters the anterior end of the cavernous sinus via the medial end of the superior orbital fissure, and
• then drains into the basilar sinus and the inferior petrosal sinus.
14.
15.
16. •The vein of Trolard, or the superior anastomotic vein,
• is the largest anastomotic vein crossing the lateral surface of the
brain
• between the superior sagittal sinus and the sylvian fissure.
• It is more frequently located at the parietal lobe.
17. •The vein of Labbé, or the inferior anastomotic vein,
• is the largest anastomotic vein that crosses the temporal lobe between the sylvian fissure
and the transverse sinus.
• It usually arises from the middle portion of the sylvian fissure and
• is directed posteriorly and inferiorly
• toward the anterior part of the transverse sinus, at the level of the preoccipital notch
18.
19. DEEP VENOUS SYSTEM
• Deep middle cerebral vein
• Ventricular group of veins
• Cisternal group of veins
• Basal vein of Rosenthal
• Internal cerebral veins
• Vein of Galen
20. Deep Middle cerebral vein
• Lies in the deep part of the sylvian fissure.
• begins as a vein in the central sulcus of the insula and
• runs anteriorly and inferiorly toward the limen insulae, where it joins other
insular veins to form a common trunk.
21. Ventricular group of veins
• The ventricular veins are named mainly according to the location
• frontal horn veins—anterior caudate and anterior septal veins;
• veins of the body of the lateral ventricle—
• thalamostriate, thalamocaudate, posterior caudate and posterior septal veins;
• atrium and occipital horn veins—medial and lateral atrial veins;
• temporal horn veins—inferior ventricular, amygdalar, and transverse hippocampal veins;
• deep thalamic veins—anterior and superior thalamic veins;
• superficial thalamic veins—anterior, superior, and posterior superficial thalamic veins;
• choroidal veins—superior and inferior choroidal veins.
24. Basal vein of Rosenthal
• The basal vein originates below the APS and is divided into three segments :
• the first, or anterior or striate segment:
• originates from the junction of the
• anterior cerebral vein
• inferior striate,
• olfactory,
• fronto-orbital, and
• deep middle cerebral veins
• under the APS and runs posteriorly under the optic tract
• This point corresponds to the most medial (before its termination into the vein of Galen) and usually
most inferior part of the basal vein and
• laterally indicates the location of the apex of the uncus.
25.
26. • The second, or middle or peduncular segment,
• Starts where the peduncular vein joins the basal vein.
• It runs laterally
• between uncus and crus cerebri
• turns around the crus cerebri,
• generally where the inferior ventricular vein joins the basal vein;
• Two segment :
• anterior peduncular and
• posterior peduncular
• The main tributaries of the second segment are the peduncular or
interpeduncular, inferior ventricular, inferior choroidal, hippocampal,
and anterior hippocampal veins.
27. •The third, or posterior or posterior mesencephalic segment:
• runs medially, superiorly, and posteriorly from the lateral mesencephalic sulcus under the
pulvinar of thalamus and penetrate the quadrigeminal cistern.
• generally drains into the vein of Galen.
• The main tributaries of the third segment are the:
• lateral mesencephalic,
• posterior thalamic,
• posterior longitudinal hippocampal,
• medial temporal, and
• medial occipital veins.
• Sometimes, the precentral cerebellar, superior vermian, internal occipital, splenial, medial atrial, and
direct lateral and lateral atrial subependymal veins may drain into the third segment of the basal vein.
30. Veins of the Posterior Fossa
• The veins of the brainstem form a superficial venous plexus deep to the arteries.
• The posterior fossa venous system is divided into three groups:
• the anterior or petrosal group,
• which drains into the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses;
• the superior or galenic group,
• which drains into the vein of Galen; and
• the posterior or tentorial group,
• which drains into the sinuses near the torcula.
31.
32. THE ANTERIOR OR PETROSAL GROUP
(1) veins related to the anterior aspect of the brainstem—
• the anterior pontomesencephalic,
• transverse pontine,
• anterior medullary, and
• parenchymal perforating veins;
(2) veins in the wing of the precentral cerebellar fissure—the brachial veins;
(3) veins on the superior and inferior surfaces of the cerebellar hemispheres—
• the superior and inferior hemispheric veins, including the veins of the great horizontal fissure;
(4) veins on the
• cerebellar side (the medial tonsillar vein) and
• medullary side (the retro-olivary vein and vein of the inferior cerebellar peduncle of the
cerebellomedullary fissure); and
(5) the vein of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle
33. • THE SUPERIOR OR GALENIC GROUP
(1) the mesencephalic tributaries—
• the median anterior pontomesencephalic,
• lateral anterior pontomesencephalic,
• lateral pontomesencephalic,
• lateral mesencephalic, peduncular,
• posterior mesencephalic, and
• tectal veins—and
(2) the cerebellar tributaries
• the precentral cerebellar vein and its variants and
• the superior vermian vein.
34. THE POSTERIOR OR TENTORIAL GROUP
•includes the
• inferior vermian vein
• its superior and inferior retrotonsillar tributaries
• the superior and inferior hemispheric veins.
35. Petrosal surface:
Drained by The superior petrosal
vein:
• formed by the junction of
the transverse pontine and
pontotrigeminal (brachial)
veins and the vein of the
cerebellopontine fissure
(great horizontal fissure).
• veins running on the petrosal
surface of the cerebellum and
the anterior surface of the
brainstem tend to drain into the
petrosal sinuses via the superior
petrosal vein,
• except for the veins running on
the surface of the midbrain,
which drain into the galenic
system. 1.Anterior Pontomesencephalic vein 4.Anterior medullary vein
2.Vein of great horizontal fissure
3.Transverse medullary vein
36.
37. Tentorial surface and posterior brainstem drainage
• The tentorial surface and the posterior aspect of the brainstem are served by
three draining systems:
1. MIDLINE :
• the midline portion
• of the cerebellomesencephalic fissure, the veins near the central lobule and culmen
• (superior vermian veins)
• The intermediate portion
• of the wing of the central lobule and the quadrangular lobule
• (superior hemispheric veins, anterior group)
• Both of which tend to drain into the vein of Galen.
2. LATERALLY :
• of the wing of the central, quadrangular, and simple lobules and the tentorial part of the superior
semilunar lobule
• (superior hemispheric veins, lateral group) tend to
• drain into the superior petrosal sinus.
38. 3. POSTERIORLY :
• The veins draining the declive, folium (declival vein), and the intermediate portion of the
simple and superior semilunar lobules
• (superior hemispheric veins, posterior group)
• tend to drain into the torcula or transverse or tentorial sinus in the tentorium cerebelli
39. SUBOCCIPITAL SURFACE OF CEREBELLAR HEMISPHERE
• The suboccipital surface of the cerebellar hemispheres :
• Drained by inferior hemispheric veins
• Drainage of the inferior vermis :
• via the inferior vermian veins,
• which are formed by the junction of the superior and inferior retrotonsillar veins running in the
retrotonsillar space.
40. INFERIOR ROOF OF 4th VENTRICLE AND LATERAL RECESS
• drained by the
• vein of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle, (aka vein of the cerebellomedullary
fissure)
• joins the vein of the middle cerebellar peduncle (the vein of the cerebellopontine fissure)
• and finally empties into the superior petrosal sinus via the superior petrosal vein.
• It can also anastomose with the retrotonsillar veins at the retrotonsillar space to establish
communication between the petrosal and the tentorial groups of venous drainage.