2. 2
PARTICIPATORY LEARNING AND
ACTION (PLA)
PLA is a process of interaction with the
community which helps in analysis of local
situations.
This leads to :
• Sharing of information
• Identification and prioritisation of needs
and problems
• Planning and acting together on the
identifies needs and solve problems.
3. 3
PLA seeks to understand the survival
strategy of the community, appraise
it and show way to enhance the
capability of that effort to ensure
sustainability.
5. 5
The How ?
• Resource Mapping
• Transects
• Trend Analysis
• Chapati Diagram
• Seasonality etc.
6. 6
1. Mapping
To obtain an over view of resources
available with the community in the form
of social, economical, demographical,
geographical details of the area where
community lives.
8. 8
Mapping can be done on the
ground as well as on paper
Mapping can be done on the ground
Advantages
• It is visible to several people
• It is quick and easy
• It can be generated a good deal of discussion
and highly participative
• It can contain a lot of information on
population, health, land use, soil types, etc.
9. 9
• It can be altered or corrected easily
• It can be developed further if required
• It is liked by most villagers particularly
the older people and women (especially
who are skilled in the art of applying
rangoli).
10. 10
Disadvantage
• It cannot be carried away unless it is
also copied on paper or photographed.
Mapping on Paper
• It can be carried away or left with the
villagers as a document of their village –
Produced by them.
• It is also participatory
• Here coloured paper/pens cut out in
different shapes can be used as
background
11. 11
Disadvantage of Mapping on Paper
• It is limited size – No scope of
extension
• This offers only a limited space for
the people to surround it and
participate.
12. 12
Steps for Mapping
• Gather a group of people (25-30)
• Brief the people well about the exercise
and purpose of it.
• Selection of place
• Involvement of people
• Sequencing
• Start with drawing the roads
• General Feature of village
• Depict individual houses
14. 14
• Keep them interested
• Work in sub-groups
• Use locally available materials
• - Stones
• - Rangoli powders, seeds etc.
• Copy the map on a chart
• Analysis/assessment the summary use for
focused group for discussion for strategy.
15. 15
DON’T
• Do not take it for granted that the map will appear on
it’s own. The exercise needs to be facilitated.
• Don’t be too strict or rigid for place, alignment for
colour etc. Let the group decide.
• Don/t make map too small.
16. 16
2.TREND ANALYSIS
The changes that has occurred over a
specific period of time in a
village/Hamlet/Urban, the reasons for
the change, the impact it had on the
lives of the people
Studying Changes/No changes –
Over a period of time.
17. 17
Earlier Present Reasons Impact
Open well
used for
drinking
water
Hand pump
is
installed
1. Intervention of
government.
2. Effort of the
community to
mobilize the
resource.
3. NGO, have
facilitated
community in
mobilizing.
1. Lower
incidence of
water borne
diseases.
2. Availability of
sufficient
water
3.Easy
availability
(accessibility)
4. Safety for kids
5. Less time/less
work in
fetching water
6. More time
availability
for other
activities.
19. 19
SEASONALITY
It is an exercise that gives us
information on rainfall,
occurrence of diseases, work
availability, migration, food
intake, debts etc. in different
seasons in a given year.
20. 20
PURPOSE
Most of the activities in village
follow a set pattern which is
determined by the season. The study
of a seasonality diagram thus
provides a wide range of information
presented in seasonal perspective.
21. 21
Process/Methodology
1. Gather a group of people (25 – 30)
2. Brief the people well about the exercise
and purpose of it.
3. Involvement of people
4. Ask for local names of months of
festivals, unnecessary, correlate them to
the months like January, February,
March ……
5. These months should be written on the
horizontal line.
22. 22
6. The vertical line have the issues listed out.
7. Probe – use the 7 helpers – what/ how?
Why? When? Where? Which? Who? – go on
depth.
8. Use locally available materials
- Stones
- Seeds
- Sticks
- Rangoli powder etc.
- Chart paper
- Pen/pencil, eraser
23. 23
9. Copy the diagram on a chart.
10.Analysis / Assessment the summary
and use for focused group for
discussion for strategy.
24. 24
APPLICATION IN VILLAGES
• To know the season wise diseases of
women and children:
- Diarrhea
- Malaria
- Eye infection, etc.
25. 25
• Availability of food in the
community
• Mobilization of locally available
food in the community
• Availability of community people
for HNE
