Valence electrons : electrons at outer-most energy level.
Effective nuclear charge: net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom.
Atomic radius: distance from the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons.
Ionic radius: measure of the size of an atom\'s ion.
Ionization Energy: nergy needed to remove electrons from an atom.
Electron Affinity: the energy change when an electron is added to the neutral atom to form a
negative ion.
Electronegativity: tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons.
Oxidation number (or Oxidation state): hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds
to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic.
Oxidation: Lossing electrons
Reductio: Gaining electrons
Oxidizing agent: Element being Reduced
Reducing agent: Element being Oxidized
Covalent Bond: chemical bonding by shaing of electrons (Non-metal with Non-metal).
Ionic Bond: chemical bonding of non-metal and metal
Compounds: combinations of two or more elements
Octet rule: maximum of 8 electrons (in the valence shell) can be added during a reaction.
Electrolytes: substance that can conduct electricity.
Hydration: chemical reaction when adding water.
Solubility: property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance mix with one other to form
a homogeneous solution.
Concentration: abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.
Dilute: lowering the concentration of a chemical.
Concentrated solution: solution in which much of the water has been removed.
Brønsted acid: proton donor.
Brønsted base: proton acceptor.
Monoprotic acids: donate one proton per molecule during the process of dissociation.
Diprotic acids: donate two protons per molecule during the process of dissociation.
Triprotic acids: donate three protons per molecule during the process of dissociation.
pH: measure of acidity and basic of a solution.
Strong acid: ionizes completely in an aqueous solution by losing one proton.
Weak acids: acid that dissociates incompletely.
Strong base: accept hydrogen ions or more generally or donate electron pairs.
Weak base: does not ionize fully in an aqueous solution
Supersaturated solution: solute > solvent
Saturated solution: solute = solvent
unsaturated solution: solute < solvent
Solution
Valence electrons : electrons at outer-most energy level.
Effective nuclear charge: net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom.
Atomic radius: distance from the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons.
Ionic radius: measure of the size of an atom\'s ion.
Ionization Energy: nergy needed to remove electrons from an atom.
Electron Affinity: the energy change when an electron is added to the neutral atom to form a
negative ion.
Electronegativity: tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons.
Oxidation number (or Oxidation state): hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds
to atoms of different elements were 10.
1.Rule based detection 2.Statical anomaly detection1.Rule based de.pdfsudhinjv
1.Rule based detection 2.Statical anomaly detection
1.Rule based detection :
a set of rules are used to decide the behaviour of an intruder
in this detection we have anomaly detection and penitration identification .in anomaly detection
rules are developed to detect deviation from previous usage patterns. in penitration identification
an expert system approach that searches for suspecious behaviour
2.Statistical anomaly datection :
the collection of data relating to the behaviour of legitimate users over a period of time. then
statistical tests are applied to observed behaviour to determine with a high level of confidence
whethear that behaviour is not legitimate user behaviour
in this detection we have threshold detection and profile based detection .in threshold detection it
approaches to defining thresholds,independent of user,for the frequency of occurence of various
events and in profile based a profile of the activity of each user is developed and used to detect
changes in the behaviour of individual accounts.
Solution
1.Rule based detection 2.Statical anomaly detection
1.Rule based detection :
a set of rules are used to decide the behaviour of an intruder
in this detection we have anomaly detection and penitration identification .in anomaly detection
rules are developed to detect deviation from previous usage patterns. in penitration identification
an expert system approach that searches for suspecious behaviour
2.Statistical anomaly datection :
the collection of data relating to the behaviour of legitimate users over a period of time. then
statistical tests are applied to observed behaviour to determine with a high level of confidence
whethear that behaviour is not legitimate user behaviour
in this detection we have threshold detection and profile based detection .in threshold detection it
approaches to defining thresholds,independent of user,for the frequency of occurence of various
events and in profile based a profile of the activity of each user is developed and used to detect
changes in the behaviour of individual accounts..
14 = disease ff24 = carriers Ff25 chances that they will pro.pdfsudhinjv
1/4 = disease ff
2/4 = carriers Ff
25 % chances that they will produce a child which suffers from the
disorder
50 % percentage of offspring will be carriersFfFFFFffFfff
Solution
1/4 = disease ff
2/4 = carriers Ff
25 % chances that they will produce a child which suffers from the
disorder
50 % percentage of offspring will be carriersFfFFFFffFfff.
More Related Content
Similar to Valence electrons electrons at outer-most energy level.Effective.pdf
1.Rule based detection 2.Statical anomaly detection1.Rule based de.pdfsudhinjv
1.Rule based detection 2.Statical anomaly detection
1.Rule based detection :
a set of rules are used to decide the behaviour of an intruder
in this detection we have anomaly detection and penitration identification .in anomaly detection
rules are developed to detect deviation from previous usage patterns. in penitration identification
an expert system approach that searches for suspecious behaviour
2.Statistical anomaly datection :
the collection of data relating to the behaviour of legitimate users over a period of time. then
statistical tests are applied to observed behaviour to determine with a high level of confidence
whethear that behaviour is not legitimate user behaviour
in this detection we have threshold detection and profile based detection .in threshold detection it
approaches to defining thresholds,independent of user,for the frequency of occurence of various
events and in profile based a profile of the activity of each user is developed and used to detect
changes in the behaviour of individual accounts.
Solution
1.Rule based detection 2.Statical anomaly detection
1.Rule based detection :
a set of rules are used to decide the behaviour of an intruder
in this detection we have anomaly detection and penitration identification .in anomaly detection
rules are developed to detect deviation from previous usage patterns. in penitration identification
an expert system approach that searches for suspecious behaviour
2.Statistical anomaly datection :
the collection of data relating to the behaviour of legitimate users over a period of time. then
statistical tests are applied to observed behaviour to determine with a high level of confidence
whethear that behaviour is not legitimate user behaviour
in this detection we have threshold detection and profile based detection .in threshold detection it
approaches to defining thresholds,independent of user,for the frequency of occurence of various
events and in profile based a profile of the activity of each user is developed and used to detect
changes in the behaviour of individual accounts..
14 = disease ff24 = carriers Ff25 chances that they will pro.pdfsudhinjv
1/4 = disease ff
2/4 = carriers Ff
25 % chances that they will produce a child which suffers from the
disorder
50 % percentage of offspring will be carriersFfFFFFffFfff
Solution
1/4 = disease ff
2/4 = carriers Ff
25 % chances that they will produce a child which suffers from the
disorder
50 % percentage of offspring will be carriersFfFFFFffFfff.
Mosses, lichens are great indicators of radioactive pollution. They .pdfsudhinjv
Mosses, lichens are great indicators of radioactive pollution. They absorb radioactive elements
specifically caesium as it is similar to patassium which forms important nutrient of mosses.
Edible mushrooms too get contaminated with such harmful elements. Hence mosses and lichens
serve as indicators for radioactive pollution areas. Inorder to check such pollution, one can
collect moss samples and check their element content of radioactive pollution. Elements like
lead, caesium, barium, titanium, berrylium are the important elements contributing o radioactive
pollution. Mosses show mutations involving somatic type giving out flowers of different colors.
Also, the mosses get damaged by reducing the plant vigor.
Solution
Mosses, lichens are great indicators of radioactive pollution. They absorb radioactive elements
specifically caesium as it is similar to patassium which forms important nutrient of mosses.
Edible mushrooms too get contaminated with such harmful elements. Hence mosses and lichens
serve as indicators for radioactive pollution areas. Inorder to check such pollution, one can
collect moss samples and check their element content of radioactive pollution. Elements like
lead, caesium, barium, titanium, berrylium are the important elements contributing o radioactive
pollution. Mosses show mutations involving somatic type giving out flowers of different colors.
Also, the mosses get damaged by reducing the plant vigor..
10 million.Sensory conflict theory argues , The brightest light at.pdfsudhinjv
10 million.
Sensory conflict theory argues , The brightest light at which we can see is about 10 million times
as intense as the dimmest light at which we can see.
Solution
10 million.
Sensory conflict theory argues , The brightest light at which we can see is about 10 million times
as intense as the dimmest light at which we can see..
We first find the slopes of the two lines 2M an.pdfsudhinjv
We first find the slopes of the two lines: 2/M and -1/4 For two lines to be
perpendicylar, the product of their slopes must be equal to -1. Hence the equation (2/M)*(-1/4) =
-1. Solve for M to find M = 1/2.
Solution
We first find the slopes of the two lines: 2/M and -1/4 For two lines to be
perpendicylar, the product of their slopes must be equal to -1. Hence the equation (2/M)*(-1/4) =
-1. Solve for M to find M = 1/2..
SO2 is a gas that mixes with water to form sulfur.pdfsudhinjv
SO2 is a gas that mixes with water to form sulfuric acid. The droplets can form
clouds like water does (Venus is covered with them making it bright). Sulfuric acid has a high
albedo (it reflects light), since it reflects the light, the energy it blocked from coming down.
Therefore the electromagnetic radiation (aka light) cannot is not converted into thermal energy
(it converts from light to thermal when it smacks into things). Therefore since the light cannot
make it to the surface, the thermal energy will decrease (molecules will slow down) and the
temperature will theoretically drop. :) I said theoretically because I\'m not quite sure how strong
of a greenhouse gas CO2 is (I\'m not sure if it would trap any heat that did manage to get in) as
compared to water vapor, but it doesn\'t sound like they care about that. :) Anyway sorry if I
wrote that in a confusing way, basically the light will reflect off the clouds of sulfuric acid and so
the light can\'t heat up the earth. Also, its better in the stratosphere because the sooner the light is
blocked, the less it will heat up molecules it smacks into on the way down.
Solution
SO2 is a gas that mixes with water to form sulfuric acid. The droplets can form
clouds like water does (Venus is covered with them making it bright). Sulfuric acid has a high
albedo (it reflects light), since it reflects the light, the energy it blocked from coming down.
Therefore the electromagnetic radiation (aka light) cannot is not converted into thermal energy
(it converts from light to thermal when it smacks into things). Therefore since the light cannot
make it to the surface, the thermal energy will decrease (molecules will slow down) and the
temperature will theoretically drop. :) I said theoretically because I\'m not quite sure how strong
of a greenhouse gas CO2 is (I\'m not sure if it would trap any heat that did manage to get in) as
compared to water vapor, but it doesn\'t sound like they care about that. :) Anyway sorry if I
wrote that in a confusing way, basically the light will reflect off the clouds of sulfuric acid and so
the light can\'t heat up the earth. Also, its better in the stratosphere because the sooner the light is
blocked, the less it will heat up molecules it smacks into on the way down..
1. Heterozygosity by migration calculated using the below formulaH.pdfsudhinjv
1. Heterozygosity by migration calculated using the below formula
H= 1 - F
where F= finite population
N= Population size
F= 1/ (2N)
By substituting F = 1/ (2N) in H= 1- F
H= 1 - 1/ 2N
H= 1 - 1/2 x 1000 = 0.9995
2. Heterozygosity by mutational drift can be calculated using
H= 4Nu / 1+ 4Nu
u= mutation rate
H= 4 x 1000 x 1 x 10-9 / 1 + 4 x 1000 x 10-9 = 3.9 x 10-6
Heterozygosity is decreased by mutation and migration. The differences in the values is large
because large mutation rates causes totally shift of the population and evolves into new species.
But migration will not act as fast as mutation .
Solution
1. Heterozygosity by migration calculated using the below formula
H= 1 - F
where F= finite population
N= Population size
F= 1/ (2N)
By substituting F = 1/ (2N) in H= 1- F
H= 1 - 1/ 2N
H= 1 - 1/2 x 1000 = 0.9995
2. Heterozygosity by mutational drift can be calculated using
H= 4Nu / 1+ 4Nu
u= mutation rate
H= 4 x 1000 x 1 x 10-9 / 1 + 4 x 1000 x 10-9 = 3.9 x 10-6
Heterozygosity is decreased by mutation and migration. The differences in the values is large
because large mutation rates causes totally shift of the population and evolves into new species.
But migration will not act as fast as mutation ..
1).Monohybrid cross between true breeding parents. Assume that the.pdfsudhinjv
1).
Monohybrid cross between true breeding parents. Assume that the gene “A” is dominant and “a”
is recessive. The genotype of parents are, AA (true breeding for dominant), aa (true breeding for
recessive).
Genotypes of the true-breeding parents in the _____parental___ generation are ___AA__ and
___aa_.
Genotype(s) of the offspring from the true-breeding parents is(are)_Aa____and the symbol for
this generation of offspring is __F1__.
Punnet square: AA (male) and aa (female)
A
A
a
Aa
Aa
a
Aa
Aa
A
A
a
Aa
Aa
a
Aa
Aa
Solution
1).
Monohybrid cross between true breeding parents. Assume that the gene “A” is dominant and “a”
is recessive. The genotype of parents are, AA (true breeding for dominant), aa (true breeding for
recessive).
Genotypes of the true-breeding parents in the _____parental___ generation are ___AA__ and
___aa_.
Genotype(s) of the offspring from the true-breeding parents is(are)_Aa____and the symbol for
this generation of offspring is __F1__.
Punnet square: AA (male) and aa (female)
A
A
a
Aa
Aa
a
Aa
Aa
A
A
a
Aa
Aa
a
Aa
Aa.
1. Moving down a group, the electronegativity decreases due to the l.pdfsudhinjv
1. Moving down a group, the electronegativity decreases due to the longer distance between the
nucleus and the valence electron shell, thereby decreasing the attraction, making the atom have
less of an attraction for electrons or protons. 2.Trend-wise, as one moves from left to right across
a period in the periodic table, the electronegativity increases due to the stronger attraction that
the atoms obtain as the nuclear charge increases.
Solution
1. Moving down a group, the electronegativity decreases due to the longer distance between the
nucleus and the valence electron shell, thereby decreasing the attraction, making the atom have
less of an attraction for electrons or protons. 2.Trend-wise, as one moves from left to right across
a period in the periodic table, the electronegativity increases due to the stronger attraction that
the atoms obtain as the nuclear charge increases..
The mercury liquid and the mercury(II) oxide are .pdfsudhinjv
The mercury liquid and the mercury(II) oxide are not in the equilibrium constant
expression because of being pure liguids and solids. Kc = 1/[O2] = 1/1.60 M = 0.625
Solution
The mercury liquid and the mercury(II) oxide are not in the equilibrium constant
expression because of being pure liguids and solids. Kc = 1/[O2] = 1/1.60 M = 0.625.
1 Ans Bacteria are unicellular organisms that reproduce by cell divi.pdfsudhinjv
1 Ans Bacteria are unicellular organisms that reproduce by cell division, while viruses are
acellular and are incapable of reproducing on their own and they need a living host.
2 Ans Persistant viral infections are slow viral infections progressive over a long period of time
and are usually fatal.
Examples:
AIDS dementia comples (HIV)
Progressive encephalitis (Rubella virus)
Latent viral infection can remain in host cells throughout life without causing disease. They may
be reactivated by immunosuppression, however, and cause disease.
Examples:
Cold sores
Shingles
Solution
1 Ans Bacteria are unicellular organisms that reproduce by cell division, while viruses are
acellular and are incapable of reproducing on their own and they need a living host.
2 Ans Persistant viral infections are slow viral infections progressive over a long period of time
and are usually fatal.
Examples:
AIDS dementia comples (HIV)
Progressive encephalitis (Rubella virus)
Latent viral infection can remain in host cells throughout life without causing disease. They may
be reactivated by immunosuppression, however, and cause disease.
Examples:
Cold sores
Shingles.
1
#include
#include
#include
/* Link list node */
struct node
{
int data;
struct node* next;
};
/* Given a reference (pointer to pointer) to the head
of a list and an int, push a new node on the front
of the list. */
void push(struct node** head_ref, int new_data)
{
/* allocate node */
struct node* new_node =
(struct node*) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
/* put in the data */
new_node->data = new_data;
/* link the old list off the new node */
new_node->next = (*head_ref);
/* move the head to point to the new node */
(*head_ref) = new_node;
}
/* Takes head pointer of the linked list and index
as arguments and return data at index*/
int GetNth(struct node* head, int index)
{
struct node* current = head;
int count = 0; /* the index of the node we\'re currently
looking at */
while (current != NULL)
{
if (count == index)
return(current->data);
count++;
current = current->next;
}
/* if we get to this line, the caller was asking
for a non-existent element so we assert fail */
assert(0);
}
/* Drier program to test above function*/
int main()
{
/* Start with the empty list */
struct node* head = NULL;
/* Use push() to construct below list
1->12->1->4->1 */
push(&head, 1);
push(&head, 4);
push(&head, 1);
push(&head, 12);
push(&head, 1);
/* Check the count function */
printf(\"Element at index 3 is %d\", GetNth(head, 3));
getchar();
}
2
#include
#include
#include
/* Link list node */
struct node
{
int data;
struct node* next;
};
/* Given a reference (pointer to pointer) to the head
of a list and an int, push a new node on the front
of the list. */
void push(struct node** head_ref, int new_data)
{
/* allocate node */
struct node* new_node =
(struct node*) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
/* put in the data */
new_node->data = new_data;
/* link the old list off the new node */
new_node->next = (*head_ref);
/* move the head to point to the new node */
(*head_ref) = new_node;
}
/* Takes head pointer of the linked list and index
as arguments and return data at index*/
int GetNth(struct node* head, int index)
{
struct node* current = head;
int count = 0; /* the index of the node we\'re currently
looking at */
while (current != NULL)
{
if (count == index)
return(current->data);
count++;
current = current->next;
}
/* if we get to this line, the caller was asking
for a non-existent element so we assert fail */
assert(0);
}
/* Drier program to test above function*/
int main()
{
/* Start with the empty list */
struct node* head = NULL;
/* Use push() to construct below list
1->12->1->4->1 */
push(&head, 1);
push(&head, 4);
push(&head, 1);
push(&head, 12);
push(&head, 1);
/* Check the count function */
printf(\"Element at index 3 is %d\", GetNth(head, 3));
getchar();
}
Solution
1
#include
#include
#include
/* Link list node */
struct node
{
int data;
struct node* next;
};
/* Given a reference (pointer to pointer) to the head
of a list and an int, push a new node on the front
of the list. */
void push(struct node** head_ref, int new_data)
{
/* allocate node */
struct node*.
Ques-6 answerThe clinical significance of beta-hemolytic (on blo.pdfsudhinjv
Ques-6: answer:
The clinical significance of beta-hemolytic (on blood agar medium) streptococci isolated from
throat specimen is consequent incidence of rheumatoid fever and acute glomerulonephritis.
Streptococcus pneumoniae (normally present in our body, can be found in the upper respiratory
tract) is an organism that cause upper respiratory tract infections and otitis media. When children
with running nose touch each other, the organism passed through the secretions. This causes
infection in the healthy child, decreased immunity against the bacteria and increased activation
of the flora causes otitis media (a painful ear infection) in children. These respiratory bacteria
produce inflammatory virulent toxins to invade respiratory cells and nutrients finally become
pathogenic to host immune system result in severe respiratory illness.
Throat infections caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteria may cause \"post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis\" if left untreated. Therefore, patient needs treatment to treat these symptoms
(antibiotics such as penicillin, corticosteroids and diuretics are to be given). The bacteria causes
inflammation of the blood vessels supplying glomeruli, which impairs the glomerular filtration.
Decreased urine filtration causes edema (swelling of body organs).
Ques-7:
The infection is strep throat and streptococcal bacteria (group B) cause it. These bacteria infect
the upper respiratory tract and causes fever, sore throat, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, body
aches. In a Gram stain of sputum specimen of beta hemolytic streptococci, \"squamous epithelial
cell type\" of body cell provides an indication that the sputum specimen represents material from
an active infection. Other cells are present in the sputum during the active infection are
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
Solution
Ques-6: answer:
The clinical significance of beta-hemolytic (on blood agar medium) streptococci isolated from
throat specimen is consequent incidence of rheumatoid fever and acute glomerulonephritis.
Streptococcus pneumoniae (normally present in our body, can be found in the upper respiratory
tract) is an organism that cause upper respiratory tract infections and otitis media. When children
with running nose touch each other, the organism passed through the secretions. This causes
infection in the healthy child, decreased immunity against the bacteria and increased activation
of the flora causes otitis media (a painful ear infection) in children. These respiratory bacteria
produce inflammatory virulent toxins to invade respiratory cells and nutrients finally become
pathogenic to host immune system result in severe respiratory illness.
Throat infections caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteria may cause \"post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis\" if left untreated. Therefore, patient needs treatment to treat these symptoms
(antibiotics such as penicillin, corticosteroids and diuretics are to be given). The bacteria causes
inflammat.
What is storage mediaAns-C. the physical material on which a co.pdfsudhinjv
What is storage media?
Ans-
C. the physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information
Storage media are devices that store application and user information. Storage media is device on
which data can be electronically places kept and retrieved .The primary storage media for a
computer is usually the internal hard drive.
Solution
What is storage media?
Ans-
C. the physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information
Storage media are devices that store application and user information. Storage media is device on
which data can be electronically places kept and retrieved .The primary storage media for a
computer is usually the internal hard drive..
Transactional model of communication states that if people are conne.pdfsudhinjv
Transactional model of communication states that if people are connected through
communication, they engage in transaction. It propogates that communication is simultaneous.
5 parts or labels: The first part is the sender and receiver - they are the people involved in the
communication. The 2nd part is the message i.e the information being send/received. The 3rd
part is the channel of communication. The 4th part is the response and the decoding of messages
by the sender/receiver. The 5th part is the feedback.
It is different from the linear model of communication, in the sense that unlike the one way
model in the linear communication, the transactional model is a simultaneous model. Linear
model does not involve any feedback, unlike the transactional model.
Ethics means rules of behavior based on ideas about what is right and wrong. Interpersonal
communication is exchange of information between 2 or more people. The ethical choices
involved here is that one should be humble and polite in conversations. One should not hurt the
other person\'s religious or cultural beliefs.
I grew up in an Asian culture in the Indian subcontinent. My family and my society was
orthodox in thinking. This made me (as well as other people growing up and exposed to this
culture) not much of a risk taker. This was due to the fact that we were made to believe that god
will always help us, whatever happens, happens for good (destiny).
If i had grown in a different culture, i probably would be more of a risk taker.
Adam has perception problems. He does not interpret sensory information correctly. His
cognitive (senses of the mind) powers are not that strong.
He can improve his communication by focusing on proxemics i.e non verbal communication.
He should have a strong body movement (kinesics) for better non verbal communication. It
includes facial expressions, gestures etc.
He should also focus on paralanguage - the tone and pitch of his voice.
Solution
Transactional model of communication states that if people are connected through
communication, they engage in transaction. It propogates that communication is simultaneous.
5 parts or labels: The first part is the sender and receiver - they are the people involved in the
communication. The 2nd part is the message i.e the information being send/received. The 3rd
part is the channel of communication. The 4th part is the response and the decoding of messages
by the sender/receiver. The 5th part is the feedback.
It is different from the linear model of communication, in the sense that unlike the one way
model in the linear communication, the transactional model is a simultaneous model. Linear
model does not involve any feedback, unlike the transactional model.
Ethics means rules of behavior based on ideas about what is right and wrong. Interpersonal
communication is exchange of information between 2 or more people. The ethical choices
involved here is that one should be humble and polite in conversations. One should not hur.
What is the measure of the strength of the relationship between inde.pdfsudhinjv
What is the measure of the strength of the relationship between independent and dependent
variables.
Solution
The pearson correlation coefficient measures the strength of the LINEAR
relationship between two variables. The R-squared values measures the proportion of variation
in the dependent variable that can be explained by the independent (predictor) variables..
Some of the SO32- is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen in air into SO42.pdfsudhinjv
Some of the SO32- is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen in air into SO42-:
2 SO32-(aq) + O2 (g) --> 2 SO42-(aq)
Thus a positive test forSO42-is expected in solutions ofSO32-even when noSO42-has been
placed.
Solution
Some of the SO32- is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen in air into SO42-:
2 SO32-(aq) + O2 (g) --> 2 SO42-(aq)
Thus a positive test forSO42-is expected in solutions ofSO32-even when noSO42-has been
placed..
Should begin with a letter and may contain additional letters and di.pdfsudhinjv
Should begin with a letter and may contain additional letters and digits. Identifiers are the same
as variables.
Use descriptive n Use single letters only for the counter in loops.
Variable names start with lower-case
Multi-word identifiers are internally capitalized
Do not use hyphens or underscores to separate multi-word identifiers.
Need to print extra characters?
What about the unicode set?
This is the format: \\uHHHH
Remember any other escape characters such as \ , \\t and \\\\?
The following lists some of these conventions based on the type of identifier:
Class name
The first letter of each word is capitalized, examples:
Mammal, SeaMammal
Function name
The first letter of each, except the first, word is capitalized, examples:
getAge, setHeight
Variable name
The first letter of each, except the first, word is capitalized, examples:
age, brainSize
Constant names
Every letter is capitalized and underscores are used between words, examples:
MAX_HEIGHT, MAX_AGE
RESERVED WORDS
As you may have noticed, many of Java\'s keywords are borrowed from C/C++. Also, as in
C/C++, keywords are always written in lowercase.
Data declaration keywords (boolean, float, int)
Loop keywords (continue, while, for)
Conditional keywords (if, else, switch)
Exception keywords (try, throw, catch)
Structure keywords (class, extends)
Modifier and access keywords (private, public)
Miscellaneous keywords (true, null)
The following keywords and their use, you SHOULD know.
boolean default for private switch
break double if protected this
case else import public throws
catch extends int return try
char final new static void
class float package super while
VARIABLE SCOPE
Where is it appropriate to declare a variable? Does it make a difference?
PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES
int (16-bit)
float (32-bit)
double (64-bit
boolean (true/false)
char (16-bit unicode)
What about String?
What about Integer, and Double?
OBJECTS
Why object oriented programming?
Objects need to be built, so we need constructors.
Instance variables and the role they play when defining objects.
What about methods of an object?
ARRAYS
int[] array = new int[5]; // one-dimensional array
it may also be declared as:
int[] array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // it is initialized and declared at the same time.
Arrays can be of any primitive data type or object. Arrays have an instance variable \"length\"
that we can access to find out how big the array is. Remember that an Array can throw an
IndexOutOfBoundsException. Make use of it to make your code safe.
VECTORS
Must import java.util.*;
Unlike arrays, vectors can only hold objects, no primitive data types are allowed. Vectors can
grow big and unbounded. You may want to specify the capacity of the vector but you dont need
to. The default capacity is 10 and it doubles in size every time the capacity is reached.
Just like arrays have the \"length\" instance variable, Vectors have a .size() method that returns
the current size of the vector.
void .addElement(Object obj)
void .setElementA.
Prostomes are mollusca, annelids and arthropods while deuterostomes .pdfsudhinjv
Prostomes are mollusca, annelids and arthropods while deuterostomes are echinoderms,
hemichordates and chordates
So correct answer is prostomes and bilaterally symmetrical (D)
Solution
Prostomes are mollusca, annelids and arthropods while deuterostomes are echinoderms,
hemichordates and chordates
So correct answer is prostomes and bilaterally symmetrical (D).
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
Valence electrons electrons at outer-most energy level.Effective.pdf
1. Valence electrons : electrons at outer-most energy level.
Effective nuclear charge: net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom.
Atomic radius: distance from the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons.
Ionic radius: measure of the size of an atom's ion.
Ionization Energy: nergy needed to remove electrons from an atom.
Electron Affinity: the energy change when an electron is added to the neutral atom to form a
negative ion.
Electronegativity: tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons.
Oxidation number (or Oxidation state): hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds
to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic.
Oxidation: Lossing electrons
Reductio: Gaining electrons
Oxidizing agent: Element being Reduced
Reducing agent: Element being Oxidized
Covalent Bond: chemical bonding by shaing of electrons (Non-metal with Non-metal).
Ionic Bond: chemical bonding of non-metal and metal
Compounds: combinations of two or more elements
Octet rule: maximum of 8 electrons (in the valence shell) can be added during a reaction.
Electrolytes: substance that can conduct electricity.
Hydration: chemical reaction when adding water.
Solubility: property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance mix with one other to form
a homogeneous solution.
Concentration: abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.
Dilute: lowering the concentration of a chemical.
Concentrated solution: solution in which much of the water has been removed.
Brønsted acid: proton donor.
Brønsted base: proton acceptor.
Monoprotic acids: donate one proton per molecule during the process of dissociation.
Diprotic acids: donate two protons per molecule during the process of dissociation.
Triprotic acids: donate three protons per molecule during the process of dissociation.
pH: measure of acidity and basic of a solution.
Strong acid: ionizes completely in an aqueous solution by losing one proton.
Weak acids: acid that dissociates incompletely.
Strong base: accept hydrogen ions or more generally or donate electron pairs.
Weak base: does not ionize fully in an aqueous solution
2. Supersaturated solution: solute > solvent
Saturated solution: solute = solvent
unsaturated solution: solute < solvent
Solution
Valence electrons : electrons at outer-most energy level.
Effective nuclear charge: net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom.
Atomic radius: distance from the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons.
Ionic radius: measure of the size of an atom's ion.
Ionization Energy: nergy needed to remove electrons from an atom.
Electron Affinity: the energy change when an electron is added to the neutral atom to form a
negative ion.
Electronegativity: tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons.
Oxidation number (or Oxidation state): hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds
to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic.
Oxidation: Lossing electrons
Reductio: Gaining electrons
Oxidizing agent: Element being Reduced
Reducing agent: Element being Oxidized
Covalent Bond: chemical bonding by shaing of electrons (Non-metal with Non-metal).
Ionic Bond: chemical bonding of non-metal and metal
Compounds: combinations of two or more elements
Octet rule: maximum of 8 electrons (in the valence shell) can be added during a reaction.
Electrolytes: substance that can conduct electricity.
Hydration: chemical reaction when adding water.
Solubility: property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance mix with one other to form
a homogeneous solution.
Concentration: abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.
Dilute: lowering the concentration of a chemical.
Concentrated solution: solution in which much of the water has been removed.
Brønsted acid: proton donor.
Brønsted base: proton acceptor.
Monoprotic acids: donate one proton per molecule during the process of dissociation.
Diprotic acids: donate two protons per molecule during the process of dissociation.
Triprotic acids: donate three protons per molecule during the process of dissociation.
3. pH: measure of acidity and basic of a solution.
Strong acid: ionizes completely in an aqueous solution by losing one proton.
Weak acids: acid that dissociates incompletely.
Strong base: accept hydrogen ions or more generally or donate electron pairs.
Weak base: does not ionize fully in an aqueous solution
Supersaturated solution: solute > solvent
Saturated solution: solute = solvent
unsaturated solution: solute < solvent
