The document provides guidance for those working with refugee, immigrant, and migrant communities on communicating information about the COVID-19 vaccine. It discusses the development and testing of the three approved vaccines, their safety and efficacy. It also addresses concerns about access and distribution, noting the vaccines will be distributed in phases based on priority groups. Supporting vaccination in refugee, immigrant and migrant communities requires recognizing past trauma, providing translated materials, and addressing barriers to access like transportation or immigration concerns.
A teaching aid on addressing hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccination. WHO has identified vaccine hesitancy as a major threat to global health. Learn more about how to work with patients, the public and communities to improve confidence in Covid-19 vaccines.
Millions of people in the United States have received COVID-19 vaccines under the most intense safety monitoring in US history. VITAS Healthcare offer an educational presentation for our partner organizations to use for their own in-house or staff training.
Preparedness for Covid 19 3rd wave ,.pptxDineshRHegde
The document discusses preparedness for India's potential third wave of Covid-19, focusing on vaccination awareness and recommended precautions. It summarizes the history and characteristics of the first two waves, predicts younger children and adolescents may be more affected in the third wave. The document emphasizes the importance of vaccination, physical activity, nutrition, hygiene and continued safety measures like masks and distancing to reduce risks of severe illness.
The document provides information about COVID-19 vaccines and addresses common concerns among communities of color. It discusses how the vaccine was developed safely and effectively despite being developed quickly. It highlights that clinical trials included diverse participants and the vaccine was found to be over 95% effective and safe for all groups. The document encourages vaccination due to its benefits in protecting individuals and communities from COVID-19 and its serious long-term effects. It seeks to ease concerns by clarifying myths and providing trusted sources for additional information.
This document summarizes findings from 4 rounds of surveys conducted in Ukraine between May and June 2020 to monitor public knowledge, risk perceptions, behaviors and trust regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Key findings include low COVID-19 risk perception among most respondents, generally low trust in authorities, and high worries about loved ones' health. While knowledge of protective measures is high, some misperceptions exist, particularly among those with low education. Informal information sources like family and friends are most used and trusted. The summaries provide discussion questions and recommendations for tailored communications and outreach strategies.
1. The document discusses North Carolina's COVID-19 response and vaccination plan. It provides data on current active clusters in K-12 schools and details the state's phased rollout of vaccines to priority groups like healthcare workers and long-term care residents and staff.
2. Information is given on the safety and efficacy of the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. The plan is to distribute vaccines widely and equitably across the state through 2021 as supply increases.
3. North Carolinians are encouraged to continue practicing prevention measures like masks and distancing even after vaccination begins, as it will take time for most people to be vaccinated.
The document provides an overview of COVID-19 vaccine development, distribution, and acceptance. It discusses the push for COVID-19 vaccines given their potential benefits. Normally vaccine development takes 10-15 years going through exploratory, pre-clinical, and clinical trial phases to demonstrate safety and efficacy. However, COVID-19 vaccine development has been fast-tracked through Operation Warp Speed. The primary goal of initial COVID vaccines is to prevent symptoms rather than infection. Different types of vaccines in development include inactivated, protein-based, viral-vector, and gene-based vaccines.
The UK has effectively monitored the safety, efficacy, and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines using its robust healthcare data systems. Clinical trial results showed the Pfizer vaccine was over 95% effective. Primary healthcare medical records and linked hospital, mortality, vaccination, and testing records allow researchers to track vaccine outcomes at scale. While vaccines are effective, concerns over side effects and lack of long-term data can increase hesitancy. Improving access for minority groups and continuing safety monitoring will help boost confidence in COVID-19 vaccines.
A teaching aid on addressing hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccination. WHO has identified vaccine hesitancy as a major threat to global health. Learn more about how to work with patients, the public and communities to improve confidence in Covid-19 vaccines.
Millions of people in the United States have received COVID-19 vaccines under the most intense safety monitoring in US history. VITAS Healthcare offer an educational presentation for our partner organizations to use for their own in-house or staff training.
Preparedness for Covid 19 3rd wave ,.pptxDineshRHegde
The document discusses preparedness for India's potential third wave of Covid-19, focusing on vaccination awareness and recommended precautions. It summarizes the history and characteristics of the first two waves, predicts younger children and adolescents may be more affected in the third wave. The document emphasizes the importance of vaccination, physical activity, nutrition, hygiene and continued safety measures like masks and distancing to reduce risks of severe illness.
The document provides information about COVID-19 vaccines and addresses common concerns among communities of color. It discusses how the vaccine was developed safely and effectively despite being developed quickly. It highlights that clinical trials included diverse participants and the vaccine was found to be over 95% effective and safe for all groups. The document encourages vaccination due to its benefits in protecting individuals and communities from COVID-19 and its serious long-term effects. It seeks to ease concerns by clarifying myths and providing trusted sources for additional information.
This document summarizes findings from 4 rounds of surveys conducted in Ukraine between May and June 2020 to monitor public knowledge, risk perceptions, behaviors and trust regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Key findings include low COVID-19 risk perception among most respondents, generally low trust in authorities, and high worries about loved ones' health. While knowledge of protective measures is high, some misperceptions exist, particularly among those with low education. Informal information sources like family and friends are most used and trusted. The summaries provide discussion questions and recommendations for tailored communications and outreach strategies.
1. The document discusses North Carolina's COVID-19 response and vaccination plan. It provides data on current active clusters in K-12 schools and details the state's phased rollout of vaccines to priority groups like healthcare workers and long-term care residents and staff.
2. Information is given on the safety and efficacy of the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. The plan is to distribute vaccines widely and equitably across the state through 2021 as supply increases.
3. North Carolinians are encouraged to continue practicing prevention measures like masks and distancing even after vaccination begins, as it will take time for most people to be vaccinated.
The document provides an overview of COVID-19 vaccine development, distribution, and acceptance. It discusses the push for COVID-19 vaccines given their potential benefits. Normally vaccine development takes 10-15 years going through exploratory, pre-clinical, and clinical trial phases to demonstrate safety and efficacy. However, COVID-19 vaccine development has been fast-tracked through Operation Warp Speed. The primary goal of initial COVID vaccines is to prevent symptoms rather than infection. Different types of vaccines in development include inactivated, protein-based, viral-vector, and gene-based vaccines.
The UK has effectively monitored the safety, efficacy, and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines using its robust healthcare data systems. Clinical trial results showed the Pfizer vaccine was over 95% effective. Primary healthcare medical records and linked hospital, mortality, vaccination, and testing records allow researchers to track vaccine outcomes at scale. While vaccines are effective, concerns over side effects and lack of long-term data can increase hesitancy. Improving access for minority groups and continuing safety monitoring will help boost confidence in COVID-19 vaccines.
This document discusses the global burden of communicable diseases. Key points include:
- Communicable diseases cause a significant portion of deaths and disability worldwide, disproportionately affecting poor populations.
- Major communicable diseases discussed include tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, malaria, polio, Ebola, neglected tropical diseases, and emerging/reemerging diseases like COVID-19.
- Effective control relies on prevention through vaccination, improved sanitation and hygiene, and treatment of infected individuals. Addressing social and economic determinants is also important.
This document provides an outline and summary of an essay on COVID-19. It discusses the origins of the coronavirus in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It outlines the common symptoms of COVID-19 such as fever, cough, and respiratory issues. It also discusses Pakistan's response to the pandemic, including nationwide lockdowns and business/travel restrictions. The document concludes by discussing the development and rollout of COVID-19 vaccines globally and challenges to their success, including concerns over efficacy against new variants and uncertain public acceptance.
Weitzman ECHO COVID-19: Caring for Key PopulationsCHC Connecticut
This document provides a summary of a continuing medical education webinar on caring for key populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses guidance from the CDC and SAMHSA on treating patients with substance use disorders and those receiving medication-assisted treatment. It also reviews recommendations for caring for people living with HIV and those experiencing housing insecurity. The webinar focused on transitioning care delivery to telehealth when possible and ensuring access to medications and support. A case study was also presented and modifications to the treatment plan discussed in light of the pandemic.
World AIDS Day is held each year on December 1st to honor those who have died from AIDS, support those living with HIV/AIDS, and raise awareness about HIV prevention and control efforts. The theme between 2011-2015 was "Getting to zero: zero new HIV infections. Zero discrimination. Zero AIDS-related deaths." On this day, communities around the world commemorate the progress made and continue working towards eliminating HIV/AIDS.
The dramatic outburst of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the global stage has amazed many people and left us feeling vulnerable and helpless.The widespread outbreak of COVID-19 virus has brought not only the risk of death but also major psychological pressure
Understandably, there has been much emphasis on the effect of the pandemic on the health of the population, as well as the consequences of the potential loss of life from overwhelmed public health systems.
Development of Covid-19 Vaccine.pptx.pptxAquib Reza
The document provides information about the development of the Covid-19 vaccine. It discusses what a vaccine is, the ingredients in vaccines, how vaccines are developed through clinical trials and regulatory approval, the types of Covid-19 vaccines in development, strategies for increasing vaccine confidence, potential benefits and side effects of the Covid-19 vaccines, and summarizes the key points. The development of safe and effective vaccines is a multi-step process aimed at training the immune system to recognize and fight the virus without causing illness.
The document provides information on HIV/AIDS, including:
1. It defines HIV and AIDS, describing how HIV weakens the immune system and AIDS is the final stage when the immune system is severely damaged.
2. It outlines how HIV is transmitted through unprotected sex, blood transmission, needle sharing, and from mother to child, but not through casual contact.
3. It describes how HIV can be prevented through condom use, needle exchange programs, antiretroviral treatment, and avoiding breastfeeding for HIV+ mothers.
The document discusses the COVID-19 pandemic from various perspectives. It provides details on viruses, coronaviruses, the origins and spread of COVID-19, symptoms, testing, prevention, vaccine development, the roles of WHO and various governments. It also outlines the major economic, social, political, educational and psychological impacts of the pandemic. Solutions proposed to address the crisis include increased testing, contact tracing, lockdowns, use of protective equipment, shelter for vulnerable groups, managing panic, and developing a vaccine.
The document discusses India's progress towards achieving good health and well-being (Goal 3 of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It outlines India's health challenges like low spending on health and education. Goal 3 aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being at all ages. India has various health programs and missions aligned with this goal but struggles with lack of resources, infrastructure, and consistent policy. Proper monitoring, transparency, and addressing social determinants will be important for India to successfully achieve the health-related global goals.
This presentation provides an overview of COVID-19. It discusses the introduction of the virus, its structure and modes of transmission. It outlines the clinical presentation and diagnostic methods used. Prevention strategies discussed include personal protection measures and community involvement. Treatment currently focuses on isolation and supportive care as there is no cure. Globally, cases and deaths continue to rise with the US and several European countries most impacted. India's strategy included an early lockdown and producing hydroxychloroquine. The presentation notes some positive environmental impacts but also discusses conflicts around the origins and spread of the virus. It concludes that the situation remains serious and prevention relies on individual responsibility.
This document provides answers to common questions about the COVID-19 vaccines. It discusses that the first two vaccines approved are mRNA vaccines made by Pfizer and Moderna that do not contain the live virus. Both vaccines were found to be over 94% effective in clinical trials involving tens of thousands of participants. Common side effects after vaccination include fatigue, headache and pain at the injection site and are signs the immune system is working. While the vaccines are safe and effective, masks and other precautions will still be needed for some time.
The document discusses strategies for engaging communities in COVID-19 vaccination efforts. It provides data on current US COVID cases and deaths. It also summarizes two new oral antiviral treatments: Paxlovid, which reduces risk of hospitalization by 89% if taken within 3 days of symptoms, and Molnupiravir, which is about 50% effective within 5 days. The document then outlines best practices for conducting community outreach, including assessing needs, partnering with local organizations, addressing misinformation, and creating convenient vaccination opportunities through schools and businesses.
The document discusses improved access to HIV/AIDS services through the Nakuru Provincial Hospital comprehensive care and treatment centre. The centre opened in 2004 and provides holistic family-focused care to over 9,000 adults and children infected with HIV. Services include voluntary testing and counseling, early infant diagnosis, diagnostic testing, counseling, and an on-site pharmacy providing antiretroviral and opportunistic infection drugs. The document also discusses the stigma faced by those with HIV/AIDS and efforts to reduce stigma through education, counseling, and support groups.
This document provides information about the Ontario HIV and Substance Use Training Program (OHSUTP). It summarizes the vision, mission, and mandate of OHSUTP, which is to provide training to substance use and mental health service providers to increase knowledge of HIV/AIDS and promote skills development. It also provides an overview of Fife House, the supportive housing organization that OHSUTP operates out of. Key information includes descriptions of Fife House's supportive housing programs and services for people living with HIV/AIDS.
This interactive webinar is part of the world tour series designed by the World Health Organization's Patients for Patient Safety (PFPS) Global Network and hosted by Patients for Patient Safety Canada, the patient-led program of the Canadian Patient Safety Institute, a WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety and Patient Engagement.
World AIDS Day
World AIDS Day is held on 1 December each year. It raises awareness across the world and in the community about the issues surrounding HIV and AIDS. It is a day for people to show their support for people living with HIV and to commemorate people who have died.
This document discusses several health concerns faced in refugee camps including communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, and psychosocial/mental health issues. It outlines specific diseases such as acute respiratory infections, malaria, diarrheal diseases, measles, chronic diseases, and causes of mental health issues. Potential solutions discussed include improving education, sanitation, nutrition, immunization programs, equitable distribution of resources, and addressing psychosocial needs through community-based programs.
In this global pandemic, IBD patients and their healthcare providers from around the world share similar fears and concerns. SECURE-IBD is an international database to monitor and report on COVID-19 in IBD patients. By working across borders, we are learning how factors like age, other conditions, and IBD treatments impact COVID-19 outcomes. This slide deck also shares information about other research efforts that are ongoing to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on IBD patients.
The Foundation would like to thank AbbVie Inc., Genentech, Inc., Gilead Sciences, Inc., Janssen Biotech, Inc., Shire, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., sponsors of our COVID-19 materials. Additional support is provided through the Foundation’s annual giving program and individual donors.
This document summarizes Massachusetts' COVID-19 vaccine timeline and distribution plan. It outlines that 300,000 vaccine doses will be available in phase one in December through February for priority groups like healthcare workers, long term care residents and staff, first responders, and those with two or more comorbidities. Phase two from March through April will include 1.9 million additional doses for groups like educators, grocery workers, those 65 and older, and those with one comorbidity. By phase three, the vaccine will be available to the general public. It emphasizes that the vaccine will only be distributed once the FDA confirms it is safe, and that the state will promote equitable access, with 20% of doses going to hard-hit communities
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
This document discusses the global burden of communicable diseases. Key points include:
- Communicable diseases cause a significant portion of deaths and disability worldwide, disproportionately affecting poor populations.
- Major communicable diseases discussed include tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, malaria, polio, Ebola, neglected tropical diseases, and emerging/reemerging diseases like COVID-19.
- Effective control relies on prevention through vaccination, improved sanitation and hygiene, and treatment of infected individuals. Addressing social and economic determinants is also important.
This document provides an outline and summary of an essay on COVID-19. It discusses the origins of the coronavirus in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It outlines the common symptoms of COVID-19 such as fever, cough, and respiratory issues. It also discusses Pakistan's response to the pandemic, including nationwide lockdowns and business/travel restrictions. The document concludes by discussing the development and rollout of COVID-19 vaccines globally and challenges to their success, including concerns over efficacy against new variants and uncertain public acceptance.
Weitzman ECHO COVID-19: Caring for Key PopulationsCHC Connecticut
This document provides a summary of a continuing medical education webinar on caring for key populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses guidance from the CDC and SAMHSA on treating patients with substance use disorders and those receiving medication-assisted treatment. It also reviews recommendations for caring for people living with HIV and those experiencing housing insecurity. The webinar focused on transitioning care delivery to telehealth when possible and ensuring access to medications and support. A case study was also presented and modifications to the treatment plan discussed in light of the pandemic.
World AIDS Day is held each year on December 1st to honor those who have died from AIDS, support those living with HIV/AIDS, and raise awareness about HIV prevention and control efforts. The theme between 2011-2015 was "Getting to zero: zero new HIV infections. Zero discrimination. Zero AIDS-related deaths." On this day, communities around the world commemorate the progress made and continue working towards eliminating HIV/AIDS.
The dramatic outburst of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the global stage has amazed many people and left us feeling vulnerable and helpless.The widespread outbreak of COVID-19 virus has brought not only the risk of death but also major psychological pressure
Understandably, there has been much emphasis on the effect of the pandemic on the health of the population, as well as the consequences of the potential loss of life from overwhelmed public health systems.
Development of Covid-19 Vaccine.pptx.pptxAquib Reza
The document provides information about the development of the Covid-19 vaccine. It discusses what a vaccine is, the ingredients in vaccines, how vaccines are developed through clinical trials and regulatory approval, the types of Covid-19 vaccines in development, strategies for increasing vaccine confidence, potential benefits and side effects of the Covid-19 vaccines, and summarizes the key points. The development of safe and effective vaccines is a multi-step process aimed at training the immune system to recognize and fight the virus without causing illness.
The document provides information on HIV/AIDS, including:
1. It defines HIV and AIDS, describing how HIV weakens the immune system and AIDS is the final stage when the immune system is severely damaged.
2. It outlines how HIV is transmitted through unprotected sex, blood transmission, needle sharing, and from mother to child, but not through casual contact.
3. It describes how HIV can be prevented through condom use, needle exchange programs, antiretroviral treatment, and avoiding breastfeeding for HIV+ mothers.
The document discusses the COVID-19 pandemic from various perspectives. It provides details on viruses, coronaviruses, the origins and spread of COVID-19, symptoms, testing, prevention, vaccine development, the roles of WHO and various governments. It also outlines the major economic, social, political, educational and psychological impacts of the pandemic. Solutions proposed to address the crisis include increased testing, contact tracing, lockdowns, use of protective equipment, shelter for vulnerable groups, managing panic, and developing a vaccine.
The document discusses India's progress towards achieving good health and well-being (Goal 3 of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It outlines India's health challenges like low spending on health and education. Goal 3 aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being at all ages. India has various health programs and missions aligned with this goal but struggles with lack of resources, infrastructure, and consistent policy. Proper monitoring, transparency, and addressing social determinants will be important for India to successfully achieve the health-related global goals.
This presentation provides an overview of COVID-19. It discusses the introduction of the virus, its structure and modes of transmission. It outlines the clinical presentation and diagnostic methods used. Prevention strategies discussed include personal protection measures and community involvement. Treatment currently focuses on isolation and supportive care as there is no cure. Globally, cases and deaths continue to rise with the US and several European countries most impacted. India's strategy included an early lockdown and producing hydroxychloroquine. The presentation notes some positive environmental impacts but also discusses conflicts around the origins and spread of the virus. It concludes that the situation remains serious and prevention relies on individual responsibility.
This document provides answers to common questions about the COVID-19 vaccines. It discusses that the first two vaccines approved are mRNA vaccines made by Pfizer and Moderna that do not contain the live virus. Both vaccines were found to be over 94% effective in clinical trials involving tens of thousands of participants. Common side effects after vaccination include fatigue, headache and pain at the injection site and are signs the immune system is working. While the vaccines are safe and effective, masks and other precautions will still be needed for some time.
The document discusses strategies for engaging communities in COVID-19 vaccination efforts. It provides data on current US COVID cases and deaths. It also summarizes two new oral antiviral treatments: Paxlovid, which reduces risk of hospitalization by 89% if taken within 3 days of symptoms, and Molnupiravir, which is about 50% effective within 5 days. The document then outlines best practices for conducting community outreach, including assessing needs, partnering with local organizations, addressing misinformation, and creating convenient vaccination opportunities through schools and businesses.
The document discusses improved access to HIV/AIDS services through the Nakuru Provincial Hospital comprehensive care and treatment centre. The centre opened in 2004 and provides holistic family-focused care to over 9,000 adults and children infected with HIV. Services include voluntary testing and counseling, early infant diagnosis, diagnostic testing, counseling, and an on-site pharmacy providing antiretroviral and opportunistic infection drugs. The document also discusses the stigma faced by those with HIV/AIDS and efforts to reduce stigma through education, counseling, and support groups.
This document provides information about the Ontario HIV and Substance Use Training Program (OHSUTP). It summarizes the vision, mission, and mandate of OHSUTP, which is to provide training to substance use and mental health service providers to increase knowledge of HIV/AIDS and promote skills development. It also provides an overview of Fife House, the supportive housing organization that OHSUTP operates out of. Key information includes descriptions of Fife House's supportive housing programs and services for people living with HIV/AIDS.
This interactive webinar is part of the world tour series designed by the World Health Organization's Patients for Patient Safety (PFPS) Global Network and hosted by Patients for Patient Safety Canada, the patient-led program of the Canadian Patient Safety Institute, a WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety and Patient Engagement.
World AIDS Day
World AIDS Day is held on 1 December each year. It raises awareness across the world and in the community about the issues surrounding HIV and AIDS. It is a day for people to show their support for people living with HIV and to commemorate people who have died.
This document discusses several health concerns faced in refugee camps including communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, and psychosocial/mental health issues. It outlines specific diseases such as acute respiratory infections, malaria, diarrheal diseases, measles, chronic diseases, and causes of mental health issues. Potential solutions discussed include improving education, sanitation, nutrition, immunization programs, equitable distribution of resources, and addressing psychosocial needs through community-based programs.
In this global pandemic, IBD patients and their healthcare providers from around the world share similar fears and concerns. SECURE-IBD is an international database to monitor and report on COVID-19 in IBD patients. By working across borders, we are learning how factors like age, other conditions, and IBD treatments impact COVID-19 outcomes. This slide deck also shares information about other research efforts that are ongoing to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on IBD patients.
The Foundation would like to thank AbbVie Inc., Genentech, Inc., Gilead Sciences, Inc., Janssen Biotech, Inc., Shire, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., sponsors of our COVID-19 materials. Additional support is provided through the Foundation’s annual giving program and individual donors.
This document summarizes Massachusetts' COVID-19 vaccine timeline and distribution plan. It outlines that 300,000 vaccine doses will be available in phase one in December through February for priority groups like healthcare workers, long term care residents and staff, first responders, and those with two or more comorbidities. Phase two from March through April will include 1.9 million additional doses for groups like educators, grocery workers, those 65 and older, and those with one comorbidity. By phase three, the vaccine will be available to the general public. It emphasizes that the vaccine will only be distributed once the FDA confirms it is safe, and that the state will promote equitable access, with 20% of doses going to hard-hit communities
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montreal
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...Jim Jacob Roy
In this presentation , SBP ( spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ) , which is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is described in detail.
The reference for this presentation is Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Textbook ( 11th edition ).
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
The Children are very vulnerable to get affected with respiratory disease.
In our country, the respiratory Disease conditions are consider as major cause for mortality and Morbidity in Child.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
2. NRC-RIM
The National Resource Center for Refugees, Immigrants, and Migrants (NRC-RIM)
is funded by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the
International Organization for Migration to support state and local health
departments working with refugee, immigrant, and migrant (RIM) communities
that have been disproportionately affected by COVID -19.
This presentation has been adapted from slides created by the Minnesota
Department of Health.
2
3. Recognition of Abuse and Discrimination
• RIM communities; black, indigenous, people of color; those with disabilities;
and the LGBTQ+ communities have endured discrimination and medical
abuse.
• Among some, this has contributed to an understandable distrust in medicine
and public health.
• For certain RIM communities, distrust may exist alongside different cultural
approaches to medicine and/or limited access to accurate information about
the vaccine.
• This may result in a hesitancy to be vaccinated.
3
4. Addressing Distrust Based on Trauma
In addressing distrust based on trauma, providers
must:
• Recognize the trauma
• Show understanding and compassion
• Engage in transparent and open
communication
• Seek community input
• Look at the issue from different perspectives
• Acknowledge that trust takes time to build
4
5. Purpose of Presentation
• This presentation is intended to aid those working with RIM populations in:
• Understanding the COVID-19 vaccine and
• Effectively communicating knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine to
RIM communities
• This presentation is not intended for direct use with RIM populations, but
can be modified for such use.
• The language used is simplified to support modification.
• A shorter, more simplified presentation is available at nrcrim.org
5
7. Objectives
• After this presentation, you will be able to:
• Describe how a vaccine is made
• Explain details of the COVID-19 vaccine and its
development
• List benefits of the COVID-19 vaccine
7
8. Objectives, Cont.
• Explain how the vaccines will be distributed
• Address vaccination concerns
• Support refugee, immigrant, and migrant (RIM)
communities in accessing the vaccine
8
10. Vaccines
• A vaccine is a product designed
to help prevent diseases
• Vaccines can help individuals
from getting diseases such as:
• Chickenpox
• Influenza (flu)
• COVID-19
10
11. Vaccines
• Vaccines keep communities safe and
healthy by:
• Supporting herd immunity
• Preventing a disease from spreading
11
12. COVID-19
• A virus is a kind of germ that makes a person sick
• COVID-19 is a disease caused by a virus discovered in
2019
12
13. How Vaccines Are Made
• A virus can be used to make a vaccine in different ways:
• Using a whole virus by using it when it is dead or weakened
(like Chickenpox, flu and MMR)
• Using a piece of the virus (like tetanus and hepatitis B
vaccines are made)
• Without using any of the virus itself (how mRNA vaccines
are made)
13
14. COVID-19 Vaccines
• No COVID-19 vaccine is made using the whole killed or
weakened viruses
• One vaccine is made with a piece of the COVID virus, and
two are mRNA vaccines and made with no virus
• None of the vaccines can give a person COVID-19
14
15. COVID-19 Vaccines
• All three COVID-19 vaccines protect people by making
their body recognize a piece of the outside of the COVID-
19 virus called the “spike protein”.
15
The red knobs are the
“spike protein”
16. Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 Vaccines
• Use messenger RNA (mRNA)
• mRNA is a protein that:
• Gives a body instructions to recognize the COVID virus that
causes the disease and to kill it before it can make you sick
• mRNA is not DNA, and does not interact or change an
individual’s DNA in any way
16
17. Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine
• Attaches a piece of the COVID virus (the spike protein) to
a harmless, killed virus (adenovirus)
• After vaccination, like with the mRNA vaccine, if a person
catches COVID their body kills the virus before it can
make them sick.
17
22. Pfizer Vaccine
• 44,392 participants
• Race
• 26% Latinx
• 10% Black
• 5% Asian
• 0.5% American
Indian/Alaska Native
Clinical Studies
22
Graphic Credit: Diversity in COVID-19 Vaccine Studies, Multnomah
County Health Department
23. Clinical Studies
Moderna Vaccine
• 30,000 participants
• Race
• 20% Latinx
• 10% Black
• 4% Asian
• 0.7% American
Indian/Alaska Native
23
Graphic Credit: Diversity in COVID-19 Vaccine Studies, Multnomah
County Health Department
24. Clinical Studies
Johnson and Johnson Vaccine
• 44,325 participants
• Race
• 45% Latinx or Hispanic
• 13% Black
• 6% Asian
• 1% American Indian/Alaska
Native
24
25. Pfizer Vaccine
• Efficacy rate of 95%
Moderna Vaccine
• Efficacy rate of 94%
Johnson & Johnson Vaccine
• Efficacy rate of 72% in US trials
Clinical Studies
25
26. What Is Known About the Vaccines
• Helps most not to get sick at all
• Helps some get less sick
• Works in all different groups:
• Different ages
• Different racial and ethnic groups
• Different health conditions
• Works even for new COVID-19 variants
26
27. What Is Known About the Vaccines
• Pfizer vaccine requires two doses
• Moderna vaccine requires two doses
• Johnson & Johnson vaccine requires one
dose
• All take a couple weeks to give any protection
• A person is not fully protected until at least
two weeks from final dose
27
28. What Is Still Being Learned
• When herd immunity will be reached
• If the virus can be passed by those vaccinated
• How long vaccine protection will last
• When everyone will get vaccinated
28
29. What This Means
• The public should continue to
follow public health
recommendations:
• Wear a mask
• Frequently wash hands
• Stay 6 feet from others
• Stay home as much as
possible
29
31. Vaccine Allocation
• Not enough for all to be vaccinated at once
• Vaccine priorities vary from state to state
• Each state is considering:
• Vaccine availability
• Who is most likely to be exposed to COVID-19
• Who is most likely get very sick from COVID-19
31
32. Free Vaccines for Everyone
• Vaccines are free for everyone
• There may be an administration fee billed to insurance
• No one can be denied a vaccine if there are unable to pay
an administration fee
• Anyone can be vaccinated regardless of immigration
status
32
33. Free Vaccines for Everyone
• It is recommended for all adults, including those who
already had COVID-19
• Individual choice as to whether or not to vaccinate
• Age of availability depends on vaccine type
• Pfizer vaccine is for those 16 and above
• Moderna vaccine is for those 18 and above
• Johnson & Johnson vaccine is for those 18 years and
above
33
34. Fertility and Pregnant Women
• No evidence the vaccine causes fertility problems
• Pregnant women should talk to their doctor about
whether they should get vaccinated
34
35. Beware of Scams
• Health care providers will never contact an individual to
request personal information or credit card information in
order for them to receive the COVID-19 vaccine
• Offers to sell or ship vaccine are scams
35
36. Language Access
• If a person has limited English
proficiency, they should be offered (or
request) professional interpreter services
• Handouts should be in the patient’s
language
• Consent must be obtained in the
patient’s primary/preferred language.
36
37. Side Effects
• Are normal
• Mean the body is developing immunity
• Are signs that the vaccine is teaching a person’s body how
to fight COVID-19
• Do not mean that a person has COVID-19
37
38. Side Effects, Cont.
• Usually start within 24 to 36 hours
• Go away after 24 to 48 hours
• More common after final dose
• More common in younger adults
• Serious adverse effects are rare
38
39. Side Effects, Cont.
• Sore arm
• Muscle aches
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Fever, although less common
39
41. RIM Communities
Refers to refugees, immigrants, and migrants currently in the
U.S. who were born in other countries
42
42. RIM Communities
There are neighbors and friends, business owners and
entrepreneurs, parents and grandparents, artists and
musicians.They care for the sick and the elderly, bring food to
stores, educate children, and pursue their own education.
They lead policy change at the state level, conduct health
equity research, and run clinics.
43
43. A Disproportionate Effect
• There is growing evidence that COVID-19 disproportionately affects
some populations, including certain RIM communities
• Learn more about this through the NRC-RIM Module, Working
with Refugees, Immigrants, and Migrants in COVID-19
• Certain RIM communities may be hesitant to obtain the vaccine
• This is due, in part, to social and structural determinants of health
44
44. Social and Structural Determinants of Health
• Social determinants of health - conditions in society that affect
who gets sick and who doesn’t.
• Examples: language barriers, transportation, working
conditions, community strength, healthcare access
• Structural determinants of health - larger social forces that
impact on the way in which people live their lives.
• Examples: racism, xenophobia, patriarchy, racial capitalism
45
45. Community Diversity
• There is great diversity within RIM communities:
• Country of origin and ethnicity
• Age
• English proficiency
• Educational background
• Socioeconomic background
• Culture
46
46. Community Diversity
• Some are eagerly awaiting vaccinations
• Others may be more hesitant
• Newer arrivals (< 1 year) tend to be more open to
vaccination
• Possible that some may have been vaccinated before
travel to the US
47
47. Communicating with RIM Communities
Regarding the Vaccine
• Consider:
• Individual readiness
• English language proficiency
• Use simplified language
• Translate written materials
• Ensure interpretation is available
48
48. Primary Message: Tagline
An example of an effective, primary message tagline for use with RIM
communities is:
Protect yourself. Protect your community. Get vaccinated.
SAFE. EFFECTIVE.
49
49. Primary Messages: Calls to Action
• Effective calls to action will depend on the message tactic:
• For use on digital and print materials promoting vaccinations:
Get vaccinated.
• For use in social media posts to counteract misconceptions and
falsehoods related to COVID-19 vaccines: Get the facts.
50
50. Other Considerations and Solutions
• Limited familiarity with US health systems
• Identify vaccination sites
• Support registration
• Concerns about immigration status
• Consider location of vaccination site
• Reiterate that vaccinations are encouraged for all
51
51. Other Considerations and Solutions
• Limited access to transportation
• Identify site nearest individual
• Provide clear directions
• Organize a vaccination drive in a
RIM community
52
54. Summary
• The vaccine is safe.
• The vaccine is effective.
• The vaccine will not make one sick with COVID-19.
55
55. Summary
• The vaccine will be given in phases.
• Getting the vaccine is free.
• There may be an administration fee billed to insurance
• No one can be denied a vaccine if they are unable to pay
an administration fee
56
56. Summary
• Certain RIM communities have been disproportionately
impacted by COVID-19
• Some may be hesitant to receive the vaccine.
• They can be supported through:
• Recognition of past trauma
• Access to accurate, translated information
• Other social supports
57
Script:
Thank you for taking the time to learn more about the COVID-19 vaccination process. It is our hope that this presentation will prepare you to share accurate and reassuring vaccine information to refugee, immigrant, and migrant communities.
Script:
The National Resource Center for Refugees, Immigrants, and Migrants (NRC-RIM) is funded by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the International Organization for Migration to support state and local health departments working with refugee, immigrant, and migrant (RIM) communities that have been disproportionately affected by COVID -19.
This presentation has been adapted from slides by the Minnesota Department of Health, and we are grateful for their efforts and these materials.
Script:
Refugee, immigrant, and migrant communities; black, indigenous, people of color; those with disabilities; and the LGBTQ+ communities have endured discrimination and medical abuse.
Among some, this has contributed to an understandable distrust in medicine and public health.
For certain RIM communities, distrust may exist alongside different cultural approaches to medicine and/or limited access to accurate information about the vaccin.
This distrust may result in a hesitancy to be vaccinated.
Script
Diverse communities are a long way from being healed. It is important to recognize the trauma that has occurred and lean into showing understanding and compassion. To support understanding, providers must engage in transparent and open communication, seeking community input in their work. It is necessary to view vaccine concerns and questions that come up from a perspective that takes into consideration centuries of injustice, and acknowledge that the building of trust takes time.
Script:
This presentation is intended to aid those working with RIM populations in:
Understanding the COVID-19 vaccine and
Effectively communicating knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine to RIM communities
This presentation is not intended for direct use with RIM populations, but can be modified for such use.
The language used is simplified to support modification.
Script:
This presentation will last approximately 30 minutes. Let’s begin by talking about what will be cover.
Script:
After completing this module, you will be able to:
Describe how a vaccine is made
Explain details of the COVID-19 vaccine and its development
List benefits to the COVID-19 vaccine
Script:
You will also be able to:
Explain how the vaccines will be distributed
Address vaccination concerns
Support refugee, immigrant, and migrant, or RIM, communities in accessing the vaccine
Script:
Now that we’ve seen the objectives and larger picture, let’s begin with an overview of vaccinations.
Script:
What is a vaccine? To put it simply, a vaccine is designed to help prevent us from getting sick from “germs”. The vaccine contains ingredients that give a person's body a sample of a germ so the body can learn to fight the disease. Common germs include bacteria and viruses. When a person’s body gets a vaccine with a sample of the virus or bacteria, their body makes antibodies that will guard them in the future. If a person then catches the actual virus or bacteria invader, their antibodies attack and kill the invader before it can make them sick.
Vaccines have helped eliminate worry about many diseases in the United States such as chickenpox. They also help protect people from diseases that still occur every year like influenza. In the short run the new COVID-19 vaccines can protect indivudal people from getting sick. In the long run, it is hoped that we can eliminate the concern for COVID-19 by making it rare, like chickenpox
In some cases, immunity does not last forever, whether you get a vaccine or get the disease.
Script:
One way to help keep people healthy is widespread vaccination. Vaccinating all, or most, of the people in a community can help stop diseases like COVID-19 from spreading from one person to another. This is called herd immunity, when most people in a population or group are immune so that the infection cannot spread from person to person. When most of the people are immune and cannot get the disease, it helps to protect other people who cannot get the vaccine, or who have other conditions that make them vulnerable even if they get the vaccine. So when most the people get the vaccine, it can protect all the people.
Script:
Many people call microorganisms that can make you sick, “germs”. A virus is the most common kind of germ that makes people sick. COVID-19 is a disease that is caused by a virus that was first discovered in 2019.
Script:
The main three ways to make a vaccine against a virus are.
First, to include a whole virus inside the vaccine. In this case, the virus is weakened or killed, so that it cannot make someone sick with the disease. Many common vaccines are made this way, like chickenpox, influenza and Measles/MMR
A second method is to use just part of the virus. Because it is just a piece of a virus, it does not need to be killed or weakened. A piece of a virus cannot make someone sick. Many vaccines are made this way, probably the best known are tetanus and hepatitis B vaccines.
A third way to make a vaccine is to give the body instructions to make something that looks like a piece of the virus, but not give them any of the real virus. For COVID, this type of vaccine is called an mRNA vaccine. This type of vaccine does not contain any virus at all, and it does not create a virus in your body, so you cannot get the infection from the vaccine
While a person can get side effects from any vaccine since it is triggering your bodies defenses, most vaccines cannot make a person sick with the actual disease.
Script:
None of the COVID-19 vaccines contain the whole or weakened viruses, like influenza, chickenpox or MMR. They either use a messenger RNA (mRNA) and we call it an mRNA vaccine (Moderna and Pfizer), or they contain a piece of the covid virus (J&J vaccine). There is no possibility of getting the COVID virus with these types of vaccines.
After getting one of these vaccines, your body prepares for the actual infection by making antibodies which guard your body. If you get COVID, these antibodies work like guards –they recognize the virus and attack and kill the COVID virus before it can make you very sick.
Script:
All three vaccines protect a person by making their body recognize a piece of the outside of the virus called the “spike protein”. This part of the virus is critical to the virus being able to make you sick. If your body can attack these spike proteins when you get the covid, it will kill it before it can make you very sick.
Script:
The mRNA vaccines, Pfizer and Moderna vaccines do not contain any live viruses (or germs). When someone gets one of these vaccines, it gives their body instructions to make something that looks just like the "spike protein”. When their body sees this fake spike protein their body responds by making antibody protectors against these spike proteins. These antibody protectors then stand by and are on-guard. If you catch COVID, these antibody protectors immediately attack the real COVID spike proteins, killing the COVID before it can make you sick.
Some people hear mRNA and confuse it with DNA. mRNA is very different than DNA. There is no DNA in the vaccine, and these vaccines to not affect someone's DNA.
Script:
The J&J vaccine is not an mRNA vaccine. Instead, the J&J vaccine uses another virus, called an adenovirus (a virus that causes the common cold). The adenovirus is killed and then a fake spike protein is attached. After someone gets the vaccine, their body prepares their antibody protectors against the spike protein, like the mRNA vaccines. If the person catches the COVID, their antibody protectors recognize the spike protein and attack and kill the covid before it can make them sick.
Script:
Some people have concerns about what is in vaccines. The COVID-19 vaccines available do NOT contain eggs, pork products, gelatin, latex, preservatives or microchips.
Now let’s move onto the vaccination development process and the results of the COVID-19 vaccine clinical studies.
Script:
The two goals of any vaccine development are that the vaccine is safe and effective.
Script:
The first COVID-19 vaccines have come out within a year of the COVID-19 virus being discovered, which is incredibly fast. Many people have questions about how a vaccine could be created so quickly.
This picture shows all the steps used to make, test, and approve any vaccine in the US. All three vaccines went through all these steps--no steps were skipped.
The reason this could occur so fast were: first, the technology used to make these types of vaccines already existed, and have more than 10 years research behind them, so they just needed to adjust them to the COVID virus. Second, money from the federal government and partnerships helped the process go much faster than usual. Third, usually each step is completed before the next step starts. To speed up the process, when possible, these steps overlapped and were done at the same time.
After the vaccine was developed, like every other vaccine in the US, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) did a very thorough review of all the data to make sure it was safe and that it worked.
Every vaccine, COVID or other vaccine, must go through all these steps before it can be used outside research.
Script:
Public health officials wanted to ensure the vaccine worked in all our various populations in the U.S. As a result, vaccine manufacturers worked to include study participants that reflect the diversity of the population, including race, ethnicity, and various ages and health conditions. In the Pfizer study, about 1 in 3 participants were people of color.
Script:
In the Moderna study, a little more than 1 in 3 participants were people of color.
Script: The J&J vaccine trial population in the study was “diverse and broad”. 44% were from the US with the other main countries where it was studied in Central and South America (41%) and South Africa (15%).
Script:
Both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are over 94% effective, meaning they totally prevented COVID-19 disease in more than 9 out of 10 people. The Johnson & Johnson totally protected about 7 in every 10. However, all three vaccines prevented everyone who got them from very severe disease or from dying.
Script:
The high efficacy rates mean that the vaccine helps most people not to get sick. The few people who do get sick after the vaccine get less sick, and don’t die from the infection.
Because participants in the vaccine studies included people of different races, ethnicities, ages, and health conditions, we know that the vaccine works equally in everyone.
There may be questions about how well the COVID-19 vaccine works on new COVID-19 variants. Current research shows that the COVID-19 vaccine still protects against these new variants.
Script:
The Pfizer and Moderna vaccines require two doses about 1 month apart. The Johnson & Johnson vaccine requires only one dose. All vaccines take a couple of weeks to give any protection. After the final dose of any of these vaccines, it takes about two weeks for the body to build up full protection.
Script:
There are some things we don’t know about COVID-19 vaccines yet.
We know these vaccines are good at preventing people from getting sick, but we don’t have enough data yet to say if someone who was vaccinated may still spread the disease to others if they get infected with COVID-19.
At this time, we do not know if this will be a vaccine that people need to get again, like needing a flu vaccine every year, or the tetanus shot every 10 years.
At this point, we do not know when there will be enough vaccine for everyone who wants it. We also don’t know when we will have enough people vaccinated in order to put an end to this terrible pandemic.
Script:
Because there is still so much that is unknown, it is important that we continue to follow public health recommendations and wear masks, wash our hands frequently, maintain social distance, and stay at home as much as possible.
Script:
Now that we know we have safe vaccines that work, how is it getting out to people and what side effects, if any, are people experiencing?
Script:
There is not enough vaccine available to give it to everyone at the same time. More vaccine is becoming available every day.
Because there is not enough vaccine for everyone right away, difficult decisions have to be made about who gets the vaccine first and how to get the vaccine out to people.
There are many, many people that need the vaccine. The goal for the first, limited doses of COVID-19 vaccine is to give vaccine to those at highest risk of getting COVID-19 and those most at risk of severe disease and complications if they get COVID-19.
Each state does not control how much vaccine is received from the federal government, but each state can make sure that the vaccine they get, gets out to people that need it quickly and safely. Decision makers are responsible for making sure that the vaccine efforts are equitable--meaning that we need to make sure those in charge are making the vaccine available to all people fairly regardless of where they live, the color of their skin or how much money they have.
Script:
COVID-19 vaccine will be provided free of charge. A person might be asked for their insurance information because health care providers can charge an administration fee for giving the vaccine to someone. However, anyone can still get the COVID-19 vaccine if they do not have insurance and/or cannot pay the administration fee. No one should receive a bill for the vaccine or administration fee. If you get a bill, call your clinic and let them know you should not have to pay.
The vaccine will be available to all -- no one will be asked about their immigration or citizenship status.
Script:
Everyone is recommended to get the COVID-19 vaccine when it is available to them, even if they have had COVID-19 disease before. However, it is an individual’s choice as to whether or not they receive the vaccine.
The age of availability depends on vaccine type: The Pfizer vaccines is for those 16 and older, while the Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines are for those 18 and older.
Script:
While there is no evidence the vaccine causes fertility problems, pregnant women should talk to their doctor about whether they should get vaccinated
Script:
There are scams related to the COVID-19 vaccine. Note that health care providers will never contact an individual and ask for their personal information or credit card information in order for them to receive the vaccine. Offers to sell or ship vaccine are also scams. If a suspicious call is received, it should be ignored.
Script:
At the clinic, a person who has limited English proficiency should be offered (or request) a professional interpreter services to make sure their questions are answered. The ACA requires language services as a matter of law. They should also be given a fact sheet, called the emergency use authorization (EUA) fact sheet, from the federal government. Ideally, this should be given in the primary/preferred language. Consent must be obtained in the patient’s primary/preferred language.
Individuals have the right to refuse or accept the COVID-19 vaccine.
Script:
Some side effects are common when someone gets their COVID-19 vaccination such as a sore arm, fever, headache, body aches and fatigue. Side effects mean the body is developing immunity and are signs that the vaccine is teaching a person’s body how to fight COVID-19. A sore arm may last for a few days but most side effects go away in a day or two.
Side effects do not mean that a person has COVID-19.
The vaccine cannot give someone COVID-19.
Script:
Side effects usually start in 12-24 hours and go away within 1-2 days. They are more common after the second dose for Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. They are also more common in younger adults. They usually don’t prevent someone from doing their daily activities.
You might have heard about serious adverse events with COVID-19 vaccines. A serious “adverse event” is different than a “side effect” and is more serious, and could be life-threatening. These events are extremely rare. They may happen with severe allergic reactions to the COVID-19 vaccine. These occur within minutes after the vaccination. Health departments are aware of this and have talked to vaccinators and clinics about it. Clinics are prepared to respond quickly with the right medicine. The person getting the COVID-19 vaccine will be asked to wait 15-30 minutes after they have been vaccinated to make sure they do not have this reaction.
Script:
After getting the COVID-19 vaccination, many people have a sore arm. Some people (about 15%) will have muscle aches, tiredness, headache, or maybe a fever, although a fever is less common.
Script:
Looking ahead, other vaccines are in production. Some have been approved to be used in other parts of the world. It is expected that there will be enough vaccine for everyone who wants to be vaccinated by summer of 2021.
Let’s now turn our attention to RIM communities and how they can be supported in accessing the vaccine.
Script:
”RIM communities” refers to refugees, immigrants, and migrants — people currently in the U.S. but who were born in other countries.
Script:
There are neighbors and friends, business owners and entrepreneurs, parents and grandparents, artists and musicians.They care for the sick and the elderly, bring food to stores, educate children, and pursue their own education. They lead policy change at the state level, conduct health equity research, and run clinics.
Script:
There is growing evidence that COVID-19 disproportionately affects some populations, including certain RIM communities
Learn more about this through the NRC-RIM Module, Working with Refugees, Immigrants, and Migrants in COVID-19
Certain RIM communities may be hesitant to obtain the vaccine
This is due, in part, to social and structural determinants of health
Script:
Social determinants of health are conditions in society that affect who gets sick and who doesn’t.
Examples of social determinants include language barriers, transportation, working conditions, community strength, healthcare access
Structural determinants of health are larger social forces that impact on the way in which people live their lives.
Examples of structural determinants of health include racism, xenophobia, patriarchy, racial capitalism
Script:
RIM communities are not monolithic. Within RIM communities there is great diversity.
Script:
As we discussed at the beginning of this presentation, some communities may be hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.
General data suggests that refugees, immigrants, or migrants who are newer arrivals to the US tend to be more open to the vaccine.
It is also possible that in the future, some refugees, immigrants, or migrants may be vaccinated before travel to the US.
Script:
It’s important to be aware of and consider the diversity of responses to the COVID-19 vaccine. Providers should assess an individual’s readiness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine based on personalized conversation, and then tailor communications about the vaccine based on this.
If an individual has limited English proficiency, it’s important to ensure that written materials use simplified language, translated into the languages of community members. For verbal communication, information should be conveyed in the individual’s primary language. If the information is being communicated in English, interpretation should be provided by a trained interpreter.
Script:
An example of an effective, primary message tagline for use with RIM communities is: Protect yourself. Protect your community. Get vaccinated. Followed by the words: SAFE. EFFECTIVE.
Script:
Effective calls to action will depend on the message tactic:
For use on digital and print materials promoting vaccinations, an effective message is: Get vaccinated.
For use in social media posts to counteract misconceptions and falsehoods related to COVID-19 vaccines, an effective message is: Get the facts.
It is recommended that you not refer to “misconceptions and falsehoods related to COVID-19 vaccines as “myths”.
Script:
RIM communities may be less familiar with the US healthcare systems, so it’s vitally important to help RIM communities identify vaccination sites and support registration through clear and relevant communications.
Some within RIM communities may have concern about receiving the vaccine due to their immigrant status – so it’s important to consider the location of vaccination sites. for example, is law enforcement nearby? Might this support or hinder access? People supporting RIM communities should also reiterate that vaccines are available for, and encouraged for, all people, regardless of immigrant status.
Script:
Limited access to transportation may also serve as a barrier to vaccination. Potential solutions may be to identify a vaccination site nearest to the individual, providing clear directions to the location of the site, or to organize a vaccination drive in a RIM community.
Script:
Additional resources can be found on our project’s website nrcrim.umn.edu. Here you can find posters, handouts, and other materials translated into a variety of languages.
To finish, let’s summarize what we’ve learned.
Script:
As we come to the end of our vaccine discussion today, this slide highlights key takeaway points to remember about the vaccines.
The vaccine is safe – proper safety and testing procedures were followed.
The vaccine is effective. The high efficacy rates mean that the vaccine helps most people not to get sick. It also helps some people get less sick.
The vaccine works and will not make one sick with COVID-19.
Script:
The vaccine will be given in phases.
Getting the vaccine is free.
There may be an administration fee billed to insurance
No one can be denied a vaccine if there are unable to pay an administration fee
Script:
Certain RIM communities have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19
Some may be hesitant to receive the vaccine.
They can be supported through:
Recognition of past trauma
Access to accurate, translated information
Other social supports