The document provides a historical overview of the United States Postal Service from its origins in the late 18th century to recent reforms in the early 21st century. It notes that the postal service was established by the Articles of Confederation in 1776 with Benjamin Franklin as the first Postmaster General. Over time, the postal service expanded to include the delivery of newspapers and mail by air starting in 1918. Major reforms in 1970 converted it into an independent agency and more recent reforms in the 2010s aimed to cut costs and reduce the workforce while exploring new marketing opportunities.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: CORFU INCIDENT. It contains: the disputants, the League and the disputants, the League and the results, the background, diplomatic setbacks, frictions, naval threats, national dignity of Italy, appeal to the League of Nations, Mussolini resented the League of Nations, Greece responsible, France and Greece, quick settlements.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: MUSSOLINI AND ABYSSINIA. Contains: increasing militarism in Italy, Mussolini's Italy, economic problems, invading Abyssinia, failure of the League of Nation, the invasion, the League condemnation, the Hoare-Laval plan and its impact, the end of the League of Nations, Rome-Berlin Axis and Homework.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: CORFU INCIDENT. It contains: the disputants, the League and the disputants, the League and the results, the background, diplomatic setbacks, frictions, naval threats, national dignity of Italy, appeal to the League of Nations, Mussolini resented the League of Nations, Greece responsible, France and Greece, quick settlements.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: MUSSOLINI AND ABYSSINIA. Contains: increasing militarism in Italy, Mussolini's Italy, economic problems, invading Abyssinia, failure of the League of Nation, the invasion, the League condemnation, the Hoare-Laval plan and its impact, the end of the League of Nations, Rome-Berlin Axis and Homework.
http://assignment-partner.com/ .That's a sample paper - essay / paper on the topic "The declaration of independence" created by our writers!
Disclaimer: The paper above have been completed for actual clients. We have acclaimed personal permission from the customers to post it.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
19. The firm of McKim, Mead & White designed the New York General Post Office, which opened to the
public on Labor Day in 1914. One of the firm's architects, William Mitchell Kendall, was the son of a
classics scholar and read Greek for pleasure. He selected the "Neither snow nor rain . . ." inscription,
which he modified from a translation by Professor George Herbert Palmer of Harvard University, and
the Post Office Department approved it.
20. Postal Aviation
Air Mail Launched
Commercial Aviation
May 15, 1918, the first air mail route in the
United States was established between
New York, N. Y., and Washington, D. C.,
with a stop at Philadelphia, Pa.
Goddard first suggested the idea of an organized U.S. postal service in 1774, as a way to pass the latest news past the prying eyes of colonial British postal inspectors. Congress took no action on Goddard's plan until after the battles of Lexington and Concord in the spring of 1775. On July 16, 1775, with revolution brewing, Congress enacted the "Constitutional Post" as a way to ensure communication between the general populace and the patriots preparing to fight for America's independence.
The Postal Act of 1792 further defined the role of the Postal Service. Under the act, newspapers were allowed in the mails at low rates to promote the spread of information across the states. To ensure the sanctity and privacy of the mails, postal officials were forbidden to open any letters in their charge unless they were undeliverable.
The U.S. Post Office has served as an instrument for achieving national goals from its earliest days. America’s first politicians realized that for democracy to be successful, an informed citizenry was essential. The diffusion of political knowledge could be achieved through the free distribution of public information via the congressional franking privilege, and through newspapers, both dependent on the mail. 1792 law allowed newspaper editors anywhere in the nation to exchange copies with one another free of postage charge, adding significantly to their (and their readers’) access to information from distant areas.
…. 1838 Kentucky Court: [A]s roads and good roads are indispensable to the effectual establishment of post roads, the supreme power to ‘establish post roads' necessarily includes the power to make, repair and preserve such roads as may be suitable…1 By 1840, there were 155,000 miles of post roads connecting 13,468 post offices linking nearly every settlement in the country to every other. The post road was the early nineteenth century equivalent of the ‘pork barrel.’
In 1838 Congress passed legislation declaring every railroad in the United States to be a post road.
Samuel F.B. Morse, the inventor of the electric telegraph. Morse saw his invention as belonging in the public domain and more specifically as part of the General Post Office. The famous message “What hath God wrought?” flashed from the Capitol to Baltimore on a telegraph line under de facto control of the Post Office on May 24. 1844. In 1845, Congress appropriated $8,000 for maintenance of the telegraph line, placing it under supervision of the postmaster general, and a year later telegraph lines had been extended to New York, Boston, Buffalo, and Philadelphia. The postmaster general urgently recommended government ownership of the telegraph, and Morse offered to sell his invention to the government for $100,000 to prevent its falling into private hands.
Another law in 1851 eliminated the distance distinction, provided for prepaid postage at the rate of 3 cents for a half ounce to anywhere in the country, prohibited private express competition, and made correspondence “a fundamentally affordable activity” for the first time in our history, bringing the expanding system of post roads within the grasp of millions. Transforming the post from a broadcast medium for spreading news to an interactive communications network made post offices a place where ordinary people congregated and helped transform the nature of public architecture.
Venice, CA mural, Washington, DC P.O., Wheeling, W. Va., McLeansboro, IL
Long after city dwellers began to enjoy free home mail delivery, rural Americans still had to travel to the post office—which was often located in a country store—to pick up their mail. Many journeyed considerable distances over tough and muddy roads to get their mail, with no assurance that any letters would be there. Farm families, who paid the same postage rates as the rest of the nation, began to complain. For decades Congress was reluctant to act, fearing that the country was so large that free rural delivery would be a financial disaster. Experimental rural delivery finally began in 1896. Eight years later, the enormously popular service became an official part of the Post Office Department.
Radio and radar are, of course, infinitely less cool than a concrete Yellow Brick Road from sea to shining sea, but I think we all know how this story ends. New advances in communication and navigation technology made the big arrows obsolete, and the Commerce Department decommissioned the beacons in the 1940s. The steel towers were torn down and went to the war effort. But the hundreds of arrows remain. Their yellow paint is gone, their concrete cracks a little more with every winter frost, and no one crosses their path much, except for coyotes and tumbleweeds. But they’re still out there.
1963 Zip code campaign; AT&T’s own difficult experience with introducing area codes to the beginning of phone numbers, the Post Office Department might have similar trouble getting ZIP Code to catch on among the public.
The USPS in its current form runs like a business, relies on postage for revenue and, for the most part, has not used taxpayer money since 1982, when postage stamps became “products” instead of forms of taxation. Taxpayer money is only used in some cases to pay for mailing voter materials to disabled and overseas Americans.
The Penny Black was the world's first adhesive postage stamp used in a public postal system. It was issued in Britain on 1 May 1840, for official use from 6 May of that year.
Rather than a form of taxation, the cost of operating the postal system is paid for by customers through the sale of "postal products" and services.
Complexity of Logistics, VALUE of 46 cents!
Each class of mail is expected to cover its share of the costs, a requirement that causes the percentage rate adjustments to vary in different classes of mail, according the costs associated with the processing and delivery characteristics of each class.
Clerks & Mail handlers over 250,000 employees
Mail Carriers over 200,000 employees
Senior management over 15,000 employees
The 2006 Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act requires the Commission to develop and maintain regulations for a modern system of rate regulation, consult with the Postal Service on delivery service standards and performance measures, consult with the Department of State on international postal policies, prevent cross-subsidization or other anticompetitive postal practices, promote transparency and accountability, and adjudicate complaints.
And Postmaster General Patrick Donahoelobbied for the change as well in a Sept. 26 Senate panel hearing. Moving USPS retirees out of Federal Employees Health Benefits plans and into a separate plan that integrates with Medicare would reduce the amount the Postal Service spends on health care from 20 cents of every revenue dollar to 8 cents, Donahoe said.
Technology, First Class Monopoly, cutting-edge marketing
Union involvement hurts invisible hand of Capitalism.
Improve technology, continue aggressive marketing, develop new markets……especially International.
Gloomy financial status of US. Looming debt crisis, Government collapse????
Researchers have found that the homicide rates at postal facilities were lower than at other workplaces. In major industries, the highest rate of 2.1 homicides per 100,000 workers was in retail. The next highest rate of 1.66 was in public administration, which includes police officers. The homicide rate for postal workers was 1.48 per 100,000.[14]However, not all murders on the job are directly comparable to "going postal". Taxi drivers, for example, are much more likely to be murdered by passengers than by their peers. Working in retail means one is exposed to store robberies. In 1993, the United States Congress conducted a joint hearing to review the violence in the U.S. Postal Service. In the hearing, it was noted that despite the postal service accounting for less than 1% of the full-time civilian labor force, 13% of workplace homicides were committed at postal facilities by current or former employees.[15]Simply put, the APWU is backing this program at this time because it makes moral sense, it makes economic sense, and studies have proven that these programs have worked well in other industrial settings. If the process gets results, i.e. a lowered injury rate, we all benefit. Less workplace injuries means less compensation costs; less compensation costs means a better bottom line; and a better bottom line means a better and stronger entity that can better employ us for, hopefully, a longer period of time.
