Presentation - Using open data to develop statistical literacy in schools - Using Census Data Session 1 - with speech
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The data from Scotland’s Census 2011 provides a rich and detailed source of information for understanding Scotland and its population. The resource provides an excellent opportunity for educators and learners to explore Scotland’s past and to appreciate, as active citizens in a democratic society, how census records can be used to inform planning decisions that will shape Scotland’s future.
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Presentation - Using open data to develop statistical literacy in schools - Using Census Data Session 1 - with speech
- 1. Using Open data to develop statistical literacy in schools Scotland’s Census Education Scotland 2016 Cecilia Macintyre, National Records of Scotland Tom Macintyre, University of Edinburgh
- 2. What we will cover: Overview of Scotland’s Census Accessing findings – systematic approaches • Parliamentary profiles and topic summaries • Statistics cycle and accessing data • Area profiles & standard outputs using‘Census Data Explorer’
- 3. Overview of 2011 Census and some results
- 4. Background to Scotland’s Census? Census data is key to understanding Scotland’s population First Census in 1801 and every 10 years thereafter Major investment - cost of £64 million - over 5000 enumerators The Census evolves over time - collecting the majority of the data on line - considering new question on sexual orientation
- 5. What Census data is available? Data on the following topics at all census geographies: Education Ethnicity, Identity, Language and Religion Health Housing and Accommodation Labour Market Population and Households Transport
- 8. Practical using Scotland’s Census website www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk 8
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- 12. Results at a Glance– key population and household results Scotland’s population was 5,295,400 the highest ever recorded and a 4.6 per cent rise since 2001 There were more over 65s (17%) than under 15s (16%) The number of households in Scotland with at least one usual resident in 2011 was 2,372,780 - the highest ever. One person households are the most common household type – accounting for 35 per cent of all households
- 13. Long-term trends - Household size One person households now the most common household type – accounts for 35 per cent of all households.
- 18. Statistics cycle – what is the question? Problem Analysis – specify the problem; problem posing Data Presentation – descriptive techniques and their interpretations, including tabulation, data display and statistical measures of location and spread Data Collection – including small sets of primary data and large databases of secondary data Data Analysis – discussion of data, leading to some inference that is relevant to problem Statistics Cycle Statistics cycle (Adapted from Porkess, 2013)
- 19. Statistics cycle – what is the question? Given one person households now account for 35 per cent of all households: • What are the characteristics of those households and their occupants? • Do those characteristics remain constant across the country? What is the situation in my home area? • What are the implications of those characteristics at a local level, in terms of housing needs/stock, care and social provision for elderly or any other aspect related to health, social justice or sustainability?
- 21. 2011 Area profiles What are the characteristics of one-person households? Area profiles • Select area type (Council Area 2011) • Select an area (g for Glasgow City)
- 23. Get Data
- 24. Exercise 1: Using Area profiles What are the characteristics of one-person households? • How do they vary between areas? o Select your home area and draw comparisons with the Scottish profile Select year Select area type and chosen area Get Data Select Population and then Household composition from sub-topics.
- 26. Extension Exercise: Using Area profiles Three-way Comparison Compare another area by selecting a second area type and a second area Get Data Select Population and then Household composition from sub-topics.
- 28. Household Composition through Standard Outputs Select year Type the table name QS113SC into the search box Selection of area type, and areas is the same as with Area Profiles; option to use lasso button
- 30. raw totals by default click on and choose Row percentages
- 31. What are the characteristics of the household composition by sex by age?
- 33. Review Overview of Scotland’s Census Accessing findings – systematic approaches • Parliamentary profiles and topic summaries • Statistics cycle and accessing data • Area profiles & standard outputs using‘Census Data Explorer’
- 34. Further information All data available at: http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk Sign up there for our e-newsletter Tom.Macintyre@ed.ac.uk Cecilia.Macintyre@nrscotland.gov.uk @NatRecordsScot
Editor's Notes
- Welcome to this session on using open data to develop statistical literacy in schools. The focus of this presentation is on using Scotland’s Census. The presentation has been prepared by myself, Tom Macintyre a lecturer in mathematics education at the University of Edinburgh, and Cecilia Macintyre a Government statistician who works in National Records of Scotland promoting the use of Census Data. This work has been influenced by developments in Education, where Numeracy Across Learning and Enhancing Learning and Teaching Through the Use of Digital Technology are key drivers, and by the Scottish Government’s Open Data Strategy that sets out an ambition for making data open and available for others to use and reuse. We see this exploration of Scotland’s Census Data as a starting point in meeting both of those drivers. There has never been a better time to enrich learning with the use of real and relevant data. Using public and open data can help you address the challenge of building digital skills, supporting your contribution to numeracy and enriching your subject
- In this session we plan to provide an overview of Scotland’s Census through sharing some background information on the Census and presenting key findings from the 2011 Census We will provide examples of how to access findings through various routes, and give time for you to follow up some of those approaches in short exercises. The presentation is accompanied by a handout that provides support for the practical elements of the session. You will need internet access to enable you to carry out those activities and tasks using Scotland’s Census web pages.
- Cecilia will now describe the background to the Census and then give you a few headline results
- Census data is key to understanding Scotland’s population and forms the basis of investment decisions by central and local government. It also provides voluntary bodies and citizens with a resource to use to understand their community and locality The census in Scotland has a long history and was first run in 1801. It usually happens every 10 years The Census is a major investment by the Scottish Government. The 2011 Census cost £64 million pounds and employed over 5000 enumerators to deliver and collect the questionnaires The Census has changed since it was first run in 1801. Some innovations which will impact on the next census due to take place in 2021 are Collecting the majority of the data online rather than by filling in a paper questionnaire National Records of Scotland are considering adding a new question on sexual orientation
- The Census provides impartial knowledge which tells us how we work and how we live in the 21st Century Questions are asked on a range of topics as shown here. You can download a copy of the questionnaire to see the details of the questions asked under each topic. In this session we will concentrate on information on the size of the population and the household living arrangements
- The first part of the census questionnaire asks about the type of accommodation, whether you own or rent and what sort of heating you have You will see from the screen shot of the questionnaire that every effort has been made to make the questions easy to answer
- The census collects information on every person who usually lives in the household and also asks how they are related to each other. This screenshot shows the first few questions asked of each individual
- We are now turning to the practical element of the session. The results of the Census are disseminated through a dedicated website which you can access through the link here. If you are using the workbook please turn to page 4
- This is the home page of Scotland’s Census website, which is hosted by the National Records of Scotland. You can return to the home page at any time by clicking on Scotland’s Census logo in the top left hand corner The primary route we will use for navigating this website will be through the tabs in the blue banner at the top
- a useful starting point for those new to the Census is located within the Census Results tab, where Results at a Glance provide insight to what has been collected and how the data can be analysed.
- Select the Results at a glance tab – and then housing and accommodation to see a summary of key results within this topic Similar pages of key results are available under the other topic headings
- Some of the key findings are shown here Highest population ever – a major contribution to this was inward migration following the expansion of the European Union in 2004 The population is ageing – and for the first time there were more people over 65 than under 15 years of age There was a increase in households – but a change in the make up of those households . One person households became the most common household type accounting for 35 per cent of all households .
- This chart shows the dramatic changes which have taken place since 1961 when one person households were the least common household type to the situation in 2011 when they were most common household type
- Another useful resource in the results at a glance section is parliamentary profiles If you are using the workbook please turn to page 6
- The Parliamentary profiles tab provides access to a selection of interesting graphs and tables for each of the Scottish and UK Parliamentary constituencies. The best route to access individual profiles is to use the first link on this page which takes you to a pdf file ‘Scotland’s Census 2011: Scottish Parliamentary Constituency and regional Profiles’
- Download the pdf as described in the workbook and find the results for Orkney The charts here are population pyramids – commonly used in geography teaching to illustrate the age structure of an area. They are compared here with Scotland – Orkney looks quite typical. You will find it interesting to look at the population pyramids for areas which have a lot of students
- This is another chart in the parliamentary profile – which compares the household size in Orkney with Scotland In this chart you can see the headline statistic that one person households account for 35 per cent of all households
- Before we move into exploring some of the other routes into accessing data from the Census, it is worth reminding ourselves of the statistics cycle that guides investigations and projects that handle data. The first step in any enquiry must be the formulation of a question to give a focus to the study. Thereafter one can collect data to answer the question or make use of existing data such as we will do here, making use of Census Data. The statistics cycle then requires the learner to consider presentation of the data so that it is in a usable format to communicate findings and to undertake data analyses.
- So what question? Taking that headline statistic on one person households as the focus for our enquiry, what questions might we want to ask to understand the implications or consequences of this trend that is reported in the earlier chart? Learners might pose any of the questions presented here. What is important is that they have a question to focus their enquiry. So lets take the first of those and consider what data is available to make sense of who is occupying all those single person households.
- The Census Data Explorer (CDE) provides access to results for the 2001 and 2011 census for different types of geographical area We are now going to cover two routes for accessing data through the CDE – For an overall snapshot use Area Profiles To Look at a Table of results using your own selection of areas, use Standard Outputs If you are using the workbook please turn to page 9
- Return to the home page and select Census Data Explorer from the blue banner the top. From here you should select Area Profiles. The next few slides will describe the process and then you will have an exercise to replicate these actions and to use your own selection of Council Areas. The example being demonstrated starts on page 10 of the workbook First step is to select the year of interest – 2011, then select an Area Type – our example uses Council Area 2011 but the workbook sets out all the other geographies. Next step is to select an area - using eth drop down menu you can scroll to your chosen council or start typing the name e.g. g for Glasgow City
- You will then see the area highlighted on the map of Scotland and this would be a time to note the tabs below the map that will provide data on each of the topic headings. The final step is to Get Data and to choose your topic.
- Selecting Housing and then household size from the sub-topics What does this tell you about one-person households? First the 35 % figure cited earlier is reported for Scotland And for Glasgow City has a much higher proportion of one person households at 43%
- Exercise 5 minutes The exercise is set out on Page 12 of the workbook You are essentially following the same process as shown in the example but this time select your HOME Council area and compare that with the Scottish profile In the worked example, we looked at Housing and Household size. This time you should explore the Population tab to get data on Household composition – this provides additional information on the age of the person in the household.
- This slide shows what you should have found , noting the breakdown of 13.1% of Scottish Households are one person households aged 65 or over. The next two slides show the results of adding another area to the Area Profiles – illustrating findings in the extension exercise.
- If this is not what you get, go back and try again. Occasionally the boundaries can be slow in being finalised so that if ‘get data’ is requested prematurely you will not have the expected results!
- Return to the home page and select Census Data Explorer from the blue banner the top. From here you should select Standard Outputs The next few slides will describe the process and then you will have an exercise to replicate these actions and to use your own selection of Council Areas. The example being demonstrated starts on page 14 of the workbook First step is to select the year of interest – 2011, then select a Table name In this case we will give you the table name QS113SC Next step is to select an area - this can be done as before using the drop down menu or you can select directly on the map by clicking on an area or using the lasso tool described in the handout.
- Having selected your areas, select View Table to inspect and work with the data.
- Your results should look like this with raw totals by default. For comparison purposes it will be desirable to use row percentages. The Cogs allow you to switch between raw totals and row percentages
- The final exercise on page 16 involves downloading a more complex table that has household composition by sex by age. If you have selected multiple areas, the results for each area will be accessed via wafers as shown in the next slide.
- The data will look like this and the workbook provides some examples of manipulating the data in Excel to generate some simple charts.
- In this session you have been given an introduction to the Census, and how to make the most of the resources available on Scotland’s Census website In a future session, we will cover how to use the data you have accessed within a lesson.
- Our contact details and where you can find information about Census are given here