This document discusses the use of visual media in instruction and outlines several theories and considerations for effective visual design. It summarizes Dale's Cone of Experience, which ranks types of instructional methods from more abstract to more concrete. It also discusses Bruner's stages of learning and the advantages of using visuals to simplify information and engage learners. The document provides guidance on goals, elements, and considerations for visual design including pattern, arrangement, realism, appeal, and composition.

1. Using Graphics and Visual Media in Instruction

2. Dale’s Cone of Experience Verbal Symbols Visual Symbols Recordings/Radio Still Pictures Motion Pictures Television Exhibits Field Trips Demonstrations Dramatized Experiences Contrived Experiences Direct, Purposeful Experiences

3. Bruner’s Stages Abstract Iconic Enactive Verbal Symbols Visual Symbols Recordings/Radio Still Pictures Motion Pictures Television Exhibits Field Trips Demonstrations Dramatized Experiences Contrived Experiences Direct, Purposeful Experiences

4. Advantages of Visuals Provide a concrete referent for ideas (More easily remembered) Motivate learners (Attract attention, hold attention, generate emotional response) Simplify information, Illustrate relationships Provide redundant channel

8. Visual Literacy Input Strategies Output Strategies

9. Decoding and Encoding Developmental Effects Cultural Effects Visual Preferences

10. Goals of Visual Design Ensure Legibility Reduce Effort Increase Active Engagement Focus Attention

11. Three Considerations of Visual Design Elements Pattern Arrangement

12. Elements Realistic, Analogic,Organizational Learning Unrealistic Highly Realistic

13. Elements that Add Appeal Surprise Texture Interaction

14. Patterns Alignment Shape Balance Style Color

15. The Rule of Thirds

17. Arrangement Proximity Directionals Figure Ground Contrasts Consistency