Causes of Westward Migration
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This document summarizes the key factors that led to westward expansion in the United States during the early 1800s. It discusses geographic, economic, and overland trail factors that motivated migration. It also outlines how population growth, cheap western farmland, and new transportation routes like rivers, canals, and the recently invented steamboat facilitated westward movement of settlers seeking new opportunities. Major overland trails like the Oregon and Santa Fe trails are noted, along with dangers of travel. The document also briefly discusses the California Gold Rush of 1849 as another driver of expansion.
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In this powerpoint it will give a general overview about Westward Expansion and the belief that America was destined to expan from coast to coast.
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Between 1801 and 1861, the United States underwent vast territorial expansion and settlement through exploration, acquisition of new lands, and westward migration of Americans. Key events included the Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark Expedition, annexation of Texas, Oregon, and California, and the Gold Rush. Transportation innovations like steamboats and railroads facilitated westward movement. Native Americans resisted loss of their lands and were eventually forced onto reservations.
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Causes of Westward Migration
- 1. USI.8b
- 2. a) Geographic factors- reasons for moving based upon the land b) Economic factors- reasons for moving based upon economic opportunities c) Overland trails- migration routes
- 3. a) Population growth- the eastern states became more and more crowded during the early 1800s b) Farmlands were being overworked & large plantations in the south were leaving no room for small farmers c) If Americans would move into the new western territories, there were huge areas of land available at cheap prices! 2.5 acres of land only cost $1.24!
- 4. a) Water transportation was cheap & fast thanks to the many newfound rivers & the newly built man-made canals in the west. b) The Ohio & Mississippi Rivers became important transportation & communication routes for people & goods. c) The steamboat was recently invented by Robert Fulton. Because of its speed, it was the main form of water transportation. d) The Erie Canal, in New York state, was 363 miles long. It was used to connect the eastern and western territories.
- 5. a) Oregon Trail- Missouri to Oregon. 2,000 miles, it took 6months! b) Santa Fe Trail- Missouri to New Mexico. 1,200 miles, it took 8 weeks! c) Dangers on the trails: storms, diseases, Indians, food shortages, and bandits!
- 6. New territories = cheap and plentiful farm land! Farmers left the rocky soil of the northeast for this new fertile land. It was very cheap, and some was even free!
- 7. a) Discovery of gold in California b) 1849- California Gold Rush- people from all over the US rushed to California in hopes of striking it rich. c) 49ers- Nickname for people who were going to California to find gold.
- 8. Manifest Destiny- "It is America's right to stretch from sea to shining sea. Not only do we have a responsibility to our citizens to gain valuable natural resources we also have a responsibility to civilize this beautiful land."