Users and gratifications theory
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This document discusses Blumler and Katz's uses and gratifications theory from 1974. The theory proposes that individuals consume mass media to fulfill four core needs: diversion, personal relationships, personal identity, and surveillance. Diversion refers to escapism and stress relief. Personal relationships involve forming social bonds. Personal identity is defining oneself through reflected preferences. Surveillance means gaining knowledge about current affairs.
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Uses and gratification theory
The document discusses four uses and gratifications of media consumption: diversion, where people escape from everyday life by immersing themselves in media like magazines; personal relationships, where people use media to connect with others who enjoy similar music and activities; personal identity, where people learn about themselves by relating to how others are portrayed in media; and surveillance, where people use media to learn about events and topics of interest like bands' personal lives and tours.
Blumer and katz
Blumer and Katz's theory proposes that media use serves four functions: diversion from everyday life, fulfilling personal relationships, establishing personal identity, and surveillance of one's environment. The document discusses how a hypothetical music magazine aligns with these four categories by allowing readers to relax and learn about celebrity lives for diversion, connect with others online over shared interests for relationships, attract subscribers interested in indie music for identity, and provide updates on celebrities and music news for surveillance.
Bulmer and katz
Bulmer and Katz theory proposes four categories for understanding media consumption: diversion, personal relationships, personal identity, and surveillance. Diversion refers to using media to escape everyday life. Personal relationships involve using media for companionship and connecting with others who share interests. Personal identity explores how media reflects aspects of oneself. Surveillance means using media to learn about events happening around you.
Bulmler and katz
Bulmer and Katz's theory proposes four categories for understanding media usage: diversion, personal relationships, personal identity, and surveillance. Diversion refers to using media to escape everyday life. Personal relationships involve using media for companionship and forming connections with others. Personal identity explores how media can help people learn about themselves. Surveillance means using media to learn about one's surrounding environment.
Celebrity obsession
Celebrity Worship Syndrome is an obsessive-addictive disorder where a person becomes overly involved with the personal details of a celebrity's life. There are three types: entertainment-social fans who enjoy talking about their celebrity; intense-personal fans who feel a compulsive bond with their celebrity; and borderline-pathological fans whose obsession includes uncontrollable behaviors and fantasies about their celebrity. Solutions include pursuing realistic passions, accepting celebrities are not perfect, learning self-acceptance, and being the star of your own life.
Eva22
The magazine represents teenagers as laid back and casual to appeal to fans of indie/rock music. It uses only female models and focuses on their personalities rather than physical appearance to break stereotypes of the "male gaze". It features rock music fans of all genders equally to show diversity in the genre typically associated with males. All subjects are white due to stereotypes of indie fans and the researcher's local demographic.
Interview
The interviewee enjoys the rock pop genre because it is diverse and provides a lot of energy. They associate bands like Muse, Arctic Monkeys, and the 1975 with this genre, which are also their favorite bands. They would like the magazine to include exclusive interviews with these bands to get to know them better, as well as information on tour dates, gigs, and free posters.
Question 5
The document discusses how the filmmaker attracted and addressed their target audience for a sci-fi film. They targeted an audience that enjoys sci-fi films and cinema by creating a professional sci-fi film within the genre. They also included a main character similar in age, social group, and interests to the target audience to help them relate to and understand her experiences.
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Uses and gratification theory
The document discusses four uses and gratifications of media consumption: diversion, where people escape from everyday life by immersing themselves in media like magazines; personal relationships, where people use media to connect with others who enjoy similar music and activities; personal identity, where people learn about themselves by relating to how others are portrayed in media; and surveillance, where people use media to learn about events and topics of interest like bands' personal lives and tours.
Blumer and katz
Blumer and Katz's theory proposes that media use serves four functions: diversion from everyday life, fulfilling personal relationships, establishing personal identity, and surveillance of one's environment. The document discusses how a hypothetical music magazine aligns with these four categories by allowing readers to relax and learn about celebrity lives for diversion, connect with others online over shared interests for relationships, attract subscribers interested in indie music for identity, and provide updates on celebrities and music news for surveillance.
Bulmer and katz
Bulmer and Katz theory proposes four categories for understanding media consumption: diversion, personal relationships, personal identity, and surveillance. Diversion refers to using media to escape everyday life. Personal relationships involve using media for companionship and connecting with others who share interests. Personal identity explores how media reflects aspects of oneself. Surveillance means using media to learn about events happening around you.
Bulmler and katz
Bulmer and Katz's theory proposes four categories for understanding media usage: diversion, personal relationships, personal identity, and surveillance. Diversion refers to using media to escape everyday life. Personal relationships involve using media for companionship and forming connections with others. Personal identity explores how media can help people learn about themselves. Surveillance means using media to learn about one's surrounding environment.
Celebrity obsession
Celebrity Worship Syndrome is an obsessive-addictive disorder where a person becomes overly involved with the personal details of a celebrity's life. There are three types: entertainment-social fans who enjoy talking about their celebrity; intense-personal fans who feel a compulsive bond with their celebrity; and borderline-pathological fans whose obsession includes uncontrollable behaviors and fantasies about their celebrity. Solutions include pursuing realistic passions, accepting celebrities are not perfect, learning self-acceptance, and being the star of your own life.
Eva22
The magazine represents teenagers as laid back and casual to appeal to fans of indie/rock music. It uses only female models and focuses on their personalities rather than physical appearance to break stereotypes of the "male gaze". It features rock music fans of all genders equally to show diversity in the genre typically associated with males. All subjects are white due to stereotypes of indie fans and the researcher's local demographic.
Interview
The interviewee enjoys the rock pop genre because it is diverse and provides a lot of energy. They associate bands like Muse, Arctic Monkeys, and the 1975 with this genre, which are also their favorite bands. They would like the magazine to include exclusive interviews with these bands to get to know them better, as well as information on tour dates, gigs, and free posters.
Question 5
The document discusses how the filmmaker attracted and addressed their target audience for a sci-fi film. They targeted an audience that enjoys sci-fi films and cinema by creating a professional sci-fi film within the genre. They also included a main character similar in age, social group, and interests to the target audience to help them relate to and understand her experiences.
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Community twin virginia_hyderbad_astroid_redirect (6)
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(Pre-Proposal)
Uses and gratifications research
Uses and Gratifications Theory proposes that media users take an active role in choosing and using media to fulfill certain needs. It identifies four main categories of gratification: diversion (escaping reality), personal relationships (feeling part of a social community), personal identity (learning about oneself), and surveillance (seeking information). People may use media for diversion, to feel connected to others through shared interests, to discover their personal identity, or to gather information.
Fan favorites
In 2014, I spent a lot of time around soccer fans. I regularly hung out at the sports bars frequented by Los Angeles’s official Real Madrid supporters club. My friends constantly shared with me, via email and social media, soccer-related websites, articles, and videos highlighting soccer fans and their love of the sport — and I clicked on them. I posted on soccer blogs, and rang up a bunch of credit card purchases in Brazil in July, during the World Cup. If my phone, the sites I visited, and the merchants I patronized had been collecting all the data associated with the places I went, the people I spoke to, and even the purchases I made, an analyst could easily have concluded that I was an ardent soccer fan (or, as people outside the U.S. would say, a football fan). But I’m not; at least, I wasn’t. At the time, I was studying sports fans as part of a research project with Havas Sports and Entertainment, to understand their passions and how they engage with brands — especially the brands that sponsor players, teams, and events in hopes of giving sports fans the experiences that they want. In doing so, I wound up becoming a case study in my own project.
My data trail marked me as a soccer fan, and continues to do so to this day. As I go about my business online, I am continually served automatically generated soccer-related recommendations and ads.
My experience is, of course, not unique. The widespread use of mobile devices has shifted the way we think about, understand, and participate in the world. Sometimes by permission (but often without our awareness), we continually funnel our locations, habits, desires, and selves into a pool of knowledge that every company wants to drink from in order to better understand and serve us. Each of us increasingly leaves behind trails of data that become crucial in shaping our digital identity.
Uses and gratification theory
The uses and gratification theory suggests that consumers actively seek out media to fulfill certain needs. There are four main needs that drive media consumption: diversion or escape from everyday life, personal relationships to feel connected to others, personal identity to learn about oneself, and surveillance or staying informed about events. This document analyzes how a music magazine contents page could fulfill consumers' needs, particularly their need for personal identity, as the magazine presents a youthful and creative voice that readers may relate to.
Uses and gratifications
This document discusses the theory of uses and gratifications, which examines why audiences choose particular media. It explores four main gratifications: personal identity, social interaction, information, and entertainment. For a class project, the document's author plans to incorporate characters that audiences can relate to for personal identity. They also want to include conventions that audiences find entertaining to relax and escape. While the production may include some information, it will likely focus more on entertainment factors. The author hopes social interaction aspects can generate positive word-of-mouth publicity for the production.
Uses&grats
Uses and Gratifications theory assumes an active audience and focuses on why and how people use media rather than a media text's content. It posits that audiences use media to fulfill various needs like diversion, personal relationships, identity, and surveillance. The same media can fulfill different needs for different people depending on their background and situation. Key gratifications include relationships, identity, diversion, and surveillance. Lifestyle magazines in particular may provide readers a sense of identity, companionship, guidance, and escapism as well as fulfilling needs around relationships, careers, and material possessions.
Blumler and katz (1974)
The Uses and Gratification Theory proposed by Blumler and Katz suggests that people use various media forms to satisfy four basic needs: 1) the need to escape from everyday life, 2) the need to gather information about people and events, 3) the need to form relationships with like-minded people, and 4) the need to develop a sense of personal identity. Magazines and other media can provide escapism from readers' daily lives by immersing them in celebrity stories. They also supply information about people and events readers are interested in. Forums allow readers to bond with others over shared interests and opinions. Identifying with particular artists or genres helps readers define their personality.
Dyer
- Richard Dyer developed the idea of star theory in his 1979 book "Stars", arguing that a film star is an image constructed through their work rather than a real person, and that publicity materials influence audience perception of stars
- Dyer's star theory holds that celebrities are constructed by organizations for financial gain by targeting a specific audience and modeling the celebrity around that audience
- The theory has three parts: audiences and organizations; how stars are constituted for audiences rather than themselves; and how audiences relate to stars through shared features or behaviors they admire
Theory research uses and gratifications media AS
The uses and gratifications theory focuses on why people choose to use particular media and how people's needs influence their media use. Theorists like Laswell and Blumler & Katz identified common needs that drive media use, such as escape from everyday life, surveillance and information gathering, forming personal relationships, and developing a personal identity. Blumler & Katz's four needs theory is applied by magazines like Kerrang! to understand how to satisfy readers' needs through entertaining stories, updates on artists, social networking features, and genre associations.
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Male Gaze
The document discusses Laura Mulvey's theory of the "male gaze" and how it relates to the portrayal of women in film. Mulvey proposed that women are often objectified and viewed as sexual objects in cinema because it is typically controlled by heterosexual men. The theory is divided into how men look at women, how women see themselves, and how women view other women. Examples from the films "Twilight" and "Jennifer's Body" are provided to illustrate the presence of both the male and female gaze.
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- The majority in both age groups declared horror as their favorite genre and said they enjoy watching horror films.
- Ghosts and the unknown were cited as the top scares over blood and gore.
- Most had seen 30+ horror films, showing it's a frequently watched genre.
- For 16-19 year olds, sound was the most important element of films and trailers while 25-35 year olds valued content more.
- Images were considered
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Similar to Users and gratifications theory
Uses and gratifications research
Uses and Gratifications Theory proposes that media users take an active role in choosing and using media to fulfill certain needs. It identifies four main categories of gratification: diversion (escaping reality), personal relationships (feeling part of a social community), personal identity (learning about oneself), and surveillance (seeking information). People may use media for diversion, to feel connected to others through shared interests, to discover their personal identity, or to gather information.
Fan favorites
In 2014, I spent a lot of time around soccer fans. I regularly hung out at the sports bars frequented by Los Angeles’s official Real Madrid supporters club. My friends constantly shared with me, via email and social media, soccer-related websites, articles, and videos highlighting soccer fans and their love of the sport — and I clicked on them. I posted on soccer blogs, and rang up a bunch of credit card purchases in Brazil in July, during the World Cup. If my phone, the sites I visited, and the merchants I patronized had been collecting all the data associated with the places I went, the people I spoke to, and even the purchases I made, an analyst could easily have concluded that I was an ardent soccer fan (or, as people outside the U.S. would say, a football fan). But I’m not; at least, I wasn’t. At the time, I was studying sports fans as part of a research project with Havas Sports and Entertainment, to understand their passions and how they engage with brands — especially the brands that sponsor players, teams, and events in hopes of giving sports fans the experiences that they want. In doing so, I wound up becoming a case study in my own project.
My data trail marked me as a soccer fan, and continues to do so to this day. As I go about my business online, I am continually served automatically generated soccer-related recommendations and ads.
My experience is, of course, not unique. The widespread use of mobile devices has shifted the way we think about, understand, and participate in the world. Sometimes by permission (but often without our awareness), we continually funnel our locations, habits, desires, and selves into a pool of knowledge that every company wants to drink from in order to better understand and serve us. Each of us increasingly leaves behind trails of data that become crucial in shaping our digital identity.
Uses and gratification theory
The uses and gratification theory suggests that consumers actively seek out media to fulfill certain needs. There are four main needs that drive media consumption: diversion or escape from everyday life, personal relationships to feel connected to others, personal identity to learn about oneself, and surveillance or staying informed about events. This document analyzes how a music magazine contents page could fulfill consumers' needs, particularly their need for personal identity, as the magazine presents a youthful and creative voice that readers may relate to.
Uses and gratifications
This document discusses the theory of uses and gratifications, which examines why audiences choose particular media. It explores four main gratifications: personal identity, social interaction, information, and entertainment. For a class project, the document's author plans to incorporate characters that audiences can relate to for personal identity. They also want to include conventions that audiences find entertaining to relax and escape. While the production may include some information, it will likely focus more on entertainment factors. The author hopes social interaction aspects can generate positive word-of-mouth publicity for the production.
Uses&grats
Uses and Gratifications theory assumes an active audience and focuses on why and how people use media rather than a media text's content. It posits that audiences use media to fulfill various needs like diversion, personal relationships, identity, and surveillance. The same media can fulfill different needs for different people depending on their background and situation. Key gratifications include relationships, identity, diversion, and surveillance. Lifestyle magazines in particular may provide readers a sense of identity, companionship, guidance, and escapism as well as fulfilling needs around relationships, careers, and material possessions.
Blumler and katz (1974)
The Uses and Gratification Theory proposed by Blumler and Katz suggests that people use various media forms to satisfy four basic needs: 1) the need to escape from everyday life, 2) the need to gather information about people and events, 3) the need to form relationships with like-minded people, and 4) the need to develop a sense of personal identity. Magazines and other media can provide escapism from readers' daily lives by immersing them in celebrity stories. They also supply information about people and events readers are interested in. Forums allow readers to bond with others over shared interests and opinions. Identifying with particular artists or genres helps readers define their personality.
Dyer
- Richard Dyer developed the idea of star theory in his 1979 book "Stars", arguing that a film star is an image constructed through their work rather than a real person, and that publicity materials influence audience perception of stars
- Dyer's star theory holds that celebrities are constructed by organizations for financial gain by targeting a specific audience and modeling the celebrity around that audience
- The theory has three parts: audiences and organizations; how stars are constituted for audiences rather than themselves; and how audiences relate to stars through shared features or behaviors they admire
Theory research uses and gratifications media AS
The uses and gratifications theory focuses on why people choose to use particular media and how people's needs influence their media use. Theorists like Laswell and Blumler & Katz identified common needs that drive media use, such as escape from everyday life, surveillance and information gathering, forming personal relationships, and developing a personal identity. Blumler & Katz's four needs theory is applied by magazines like Kerrang! to understand how to satisfy readers' needs through entertaining stories, updates on artists, social networking features, and genre associations.
Uses and gratifications theory
The uses and gratifications theory suggests that media users actively select media sources that satisfy specific needs. There are four main needs addressed: diversion, which involves escaping reality through media; personal relationships, which involves using media for companionship and socializing; personal identity, which involves using media to learn about oneself and identify with social groups; and surveillance, which involves using media to learn about events and other people. The document then provides examples of how magazines may satisfy these needs through content on celebrities, gossip, and discussion forums, in order to attract and engage readers.
Audience theories
The document discusses several audience theories that can be applied to analyzing the effectiveness of a music magazine, including identification, uses and gratifications, two-step flow, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Identification theory suggests media can provide stress relief. Uses and gratifications theory proposes media satisfies needs for entertainment, information, identity, and social interaction. Two-step flow theory involves opinion leaders influencing passive audiences. Maslow's hierarchy prioritizes self-actualization and creativity fitting the intended audience of the magazine.
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Q4
The document discusses the target audience for a media product. The author conducted surveys and polls on social media to learn about their primary audience's interests, likes/dislikes, hobbies and personality traits. This included favorite artists and topics they enjoy reading about. The author then created reader profiles describing stereotypical readers as female students interested in fashion, beauty and socializing. The profiles help tailor the magazine's content and design to appeal to this audience. The author also considers uses and gratification theory and how their audience may use the magazine for entertainment, social identity or to find information on music and artists.
Representation
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1. Representation is how media presents the real world to audiences through various texts like films, photos, etc. and involves the construction of meanings.
2. Mediation is the process by which a media text represents an idea to an audience, and involves selection, organization, and focusing of elements.
3. Stereotypes are widely circulated ideas about social groups that media relies on as a shorthand for audiences, though they may overgeneralize groups.
Audience Theory
The document outlines Uses and Gratifications Theory, which proposes that audiences use media to fulfill four basic needs: diversion from everyday life, forming personal relationships, exploring personal identity, and learning about surrounding events. Specifically, fans may purchase a music magazine for diversion, to learn about themselves through their favorite artist, to connect with others in the social group of fans, and to gain surveillance of events through information on the cover.
Uses and gratification
The uses and gratification theory suggests that media users actively select media to fulfill certain needs. There are four basic needs: diversion, personal relationships, personal identity, and surveillance. Diversion fulfills the need to relax and escape daily life. Personal relationships involve using media for companionship and social groups. Personal identity relates to learning about oneself through media portrayals. Surveillance satisfies the need to stay informed about events and celebrities. Magazines like Q can fulfill these needs for teenagers - diversion through celebrity gossip, personal relationships by staying up-to-date with friends, personal identity through featured opportunities, and surveillance of latest celebrity news.
Authentic Leaders
Authentic leaders manage their authenticity by getting to know themselves and others better. They understand which aspects of themselves will appeal to different followers and adapt accordingly. Great leaders use their understanding of their own origins and the backgrounds of their followers to establish common ground and attract loyal followers. Managing authenticity requires self-awareness, social awareness, and the ability to conform just enough to social and organizational norms without losing one's distinctiveness.
Authentic Leaders
Authentic leaders manage their authenticity by getting to know themselves and others better. They understand which aspects of themselves will appeal to different followers and adapt accordingly. Great leaders use their understanding of their own origins and the backgrounds of their followers to establish common ground and attract loyal followers. Managing authenticity requires self-awareness, social awareness, and the ability to conform just enough to organizational norms without losing one's distinctiveness.
Authentic Leaders
Authentic leaders manage their authenticity by getting to know themselves and others better. They understand which aspects of themselves will appeal to different followers and adapt accordingly. Great leaders use their understanding of their own origins and the backgrounds of their followers to establish common ground and attract loyal followers. Managing authenticity requires self-awareness, social awareness, and the ability to conform just enough to social and organizational norms without losing one's distinctiveness.
Authentic Leaders
The document discusses how authentic leaders establish authenticity. Authentic leaders understand their own origins and backgrounds, and how to connect with followers by acknowledging followers' origins as well. They are comfortable with who they are but able to adapt to different contexts by taking on different roles. Authentic leaders get feedback on themselves, understand their environments and followers, and manage how they express their authentic selves to different audiences. This allows them to influence followers while staying true to their core identities.
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The document discusses choices made in designing a magazine cover and layout. The designer reversed the layout to put more space on the right side of the image. They also removed a graphic feature because it did not fit with the number of cover lines and only included one person's image. This was to increase quality and professionalism. The cover lines, layout, and color scheme were chosen because they received positive feedback.
Front cover development in production
The document describes changes made to the layout and design of a magazine cover. It was initially decided to choose the cover photo based on quality and suitability for attracting a rap/hip-hop audience, rather than the storyboard. The layout was also changed because the photos would not have worked with the previously chosen layout. The masthead was placed on the right instead of using the third mock-up. Font and cover lines were chosen based on conventions of rap magazines to appeal to the target audience.
Screen captures and write up
The document discusses the design choices made for magazine cover lines and layout. It explains that the cover lines were chosen to summarize interesting content and attract audiences based on their size compared to other lines. It also notes that the font was selected because it is bold and reflective of rap magazines, appealing to that audience. Finally, it states that the masthead "LIVE" was picked as it was a popular word to describe rap from an audience survey.
Contact sheet
The document provides information on the borders and images chosen for different sections of a magazine. A white border is selected for the front cover, a black border for the contents page, and a purple border for a double page spread. The highlighted front cover images are chosen because they feature a body language and direct style appropriate for rap magazine covers. The contents images highlighted suit the chosen mock-up and are of good quality with suitable body language and eye contact. The double page spread images highlighted use appropriate camera angles and sizes and also feature direct poses and body language typical of rap magazines.
Live flat plan
1) The document is a magazine advertisement layout featuring various ads and images.
2) It includes ads for products like Air Max trainers, Beats by Dre headphones, Supra shoes, Lil Wayne tour tickets, and albums from Lil Wayne and Drake.
3) Brand advertisements also appear from companies like Hennessy cognac, TRUKFIT, Grey Goose vodka, Patron tequila, and Cash Money Records.
Font sheet
The document analyzes several fonts for their suitability for use on the front cover of a magazine masthead. It evaluates each font for traits like boldness, modernity, uniqueness, and ability to stand out on magazine racks. Some fonts are deemed too similar to others, too thin, or too large and cluttered for a magazine cover. The Kalinga font is described as the most contemporary with clean modern lines that would appeal to current audiences.
Xxl flat plan
1. The document is an advertisement layout with multiple sections, images, titles, and text blocks.
2. There are various advertisements, images, and titles spread across the layout in a grid-like pattern.
3. The overall structure contains many individual advertising components laid out across the page.
Bonafide flat plan
1. The document is a layout for a magazine with various sections, articles, images and advertisements.
2. It includes multiple titles, images, body text, pull quotes and advertisements laid out in a grid-like format across several rows and columns.
3. The overall structure contains many individual content pieces categorized by type and organized throughout the page.
Personal learning and reflection
The document reflects on the analysis of front covers, contents pages, double page spreads, and audience research conducted for a magazine project. Key learnings include using bright colors and props to attract attention to the front cover image, employing a black and white image and muted colors for the contents page, and selecting a double page spread layout with a large image and 750+ words of text to properly represent the featured artist. The audience research revealed what attracts mass markets to covers and contents pages and perceptions of rap, informing design choices to create a consumer-friendly product.
Live readership profile
The target audience of this publication is young adults and students aged 16-25. Most of the readers are female, around 60%, with the average age being 21. The typical reader spends a significant amount of time each day listening to music, using the internet, and spending their disposable income on fashion, films and music.
Music magazine analysis
The document provides an analysis of magazine front covers, contents pages, and double page spreads from rap/hip-hop magazines. Some key points:
1. Front covers use large central images, bold colors, and minimal text to attract attention and emphasize the prominence of featured artists.
2. Contents pages typically feature very large central images of artists compared to small text, showing the importance placed on individuals. Color schemes are often muted to imply revealing more about a person's character.
3. Double page spreads commonly have one large image paired with text, or a single huge image and minimal text. Layouts imply varying degrees of openness and hints about the artist's personality, success, and public persona.
Preliminary task secondary research
The document analyzes two college magazine covers and contents pages to identify codes, conventions, and features used to attract their target markets. The first magazine cover appeals to college students with articles on studying and teenage pregnancy, along with buzzwords and a free voucher. However, it lacks exciting visuals. The second magazine professionally promotes the college to potential students and current ones, but also lacks exciting articles. The first contents page is mostly empty while the second features anchored images and articles in an attractive yet understated design suited to the audience.
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Users and gratifications theory
- 1. In Magazine Production and Consumption
- 2. Blumler and Katz (1974) Blumler and Katz’s users and gratifications theory denotes a relationship between the particular product consumed by an individual, or a mass media audience and the gratification of their needs they can take from that consumption. It proposes 4 needs every consumer has: diversion, personal relationships, personal identity and surveillance, and that these 4 needs are the reasons for the particular products Diversion: More commonly known as escapism, this is the need to escape from your everyday life in order to relieve certain stresses you have and relax. Personal Relationships: The need to form and maintain personal relationships with others or be part of a social group. Personal Identity: The need to define ourselves through identifying with those that reflect ourselves in the products we consume. Surveillance: The need to know what is happening around us, current affairs etc. For example this is the need gratified by consuming products that contain gossip.
- 3. Personal Identity: Here there are two articles on the two rappers in The pull quote and article the photo, both of here gratifies a consumers whom are said to need for continue working surveillance, giving hard, with composure knowledge on who these despite the setbacks in celebrities like, respect and their careers. The their friendship. personality type appreciated here will be one that a lot of aspiring rappers and artists will relate with and therefore give Surveillance and the need gratification for their for knowledge on our need for personal interests is gratified here identity. through information on how tracks are leaked from record labels.