This paper aims to study the fight against COVID-19 in Bangladesh and digital intervention initiatives. To achieve the purpose of our research, we conducted a methodical review of online content. We have reviewed the first digital intervention that COVID-19 has been used to fight against worldwide. Then we reviewed the initiatives that have been taken in Bangladesh. Our paper has shown that while Bangladesh can take advantage of the digital intervention approach, it will require rigorous collaboration between government organizations and universities to get the most out of it. Public health can become increasingly digital in the future, and we are reviewing international alignment requirements. This exploration also focused on the strategies for controlling, evaluating, and using digital technology to strengthen epidemic management and future preparations for COVID-19.
Government strategies in the covid 19 vaccination programssuserc3d5aa
The document discusses government strategies for COVID-19 vaccination programs in Palu, Indonesia. It describes the policy model applied for COVID-19 vaccination in Palu as a centralized institutional model where the central government regulates and procures vaccines while the local government implements vaccination campaigns. The local government of Palu issued 7 policies to accelerate vaccination, including establishing vaccine rangers, ambassadors, festivals, and collaborating with community leaders to provide vaccination centers and increase the number of vaccinators.
The Things You Should Known About Covid-19 Exam / project English 2 or II Eng...RelinoLeon
COVID-19 first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. It has caused over 16,600 deaths worldwide and infected over 380,000 people. The document discusses Indonesia's response to the outbreak, including an initial 14-day lockdown to limit transmission. It also explains the importance of compliance with government policies like social distancing to avoid panic and reduce spread. Spreading misinformation about COVID-19 can result in legal penalties under Indonesian law.
ROLES OF TECHNOLOGY AGAINST NOVEL CORONA VIRUS Arpita Banerjee
This seminar discusses the roles of various technologies that can be used against the novel coronavirus. It covers how artificial intelligence can help detect COVID-19 from CT scans and monitor temperatures. Blockchain allows donors to track donations for COVID-19 treatment. Open-source platforms share data and test methodologies. Telehealth expands remote medical consultations. 3D printing aids production of needed medical supplies. Drones deliver supplies and enforce quarantines. Robots disinfect hospitals and reduce transmission. Virtual biometrics and video conferencing enable remote work and screening. Location tracking apps and CCTV spot infected individuals.
Statistical & Multi-objective Social Control of Infection Process of COVID-19Hiroshi Deguchi
We propose the policies for minimizing the death by COVIC-19 infection and keeping social functions as a multi-objective constraint satisfaction problem by using Agent-Based Simulation. I hope this slide becomes something to help all people in the world who are working against the pandemic.
The Modern-Day Heroes of the Tri- Bureaus of the Province of Ilocos Norte in ...AI Publications
The COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected the life of the law enforcement sector. This study explored the experiences of modern-day heroes from the Tri-Bureaus of Ilocos Norte during the health pandemic. It involved 19 participants composed of police officers, jail officers and fire officers who rendered duty during the total lockdown, Modified Enhanced Community Quarantine and General Community Quarantine. Qualitative-phenomenology, five major themes are identified as the feeling of distress, struggles amidst the challenges of the pandemic, motivational drives, life realizations and wellness as a priority. This study implies a need to revisit organizational policies to ensure the health and safety of personnel in the Tri-Bureaus.
The document summarizes the current situation of COVID-19 in Malaysia. It describes the origins and symptoms of the virus, as well as providing statistics on case numbers. It also outlines the various risk management measures taken by the Malaysian government, including movement restrictions, screening efforts, and economic aid packages. Public attitudes indicate most feel Malaysia will successfully control the virus, though some remain unsure. Prevention measures and treatment primarily focus on social distancing, hand washing, and seeking medical help for severe symptoms.
Analysis of Stress, Anxiety and Depression of Children during COVID-19Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The document analyzes stress, anxiety, and depression in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was conducted of over 500 families in India from April to July 2020. The families completed questionnaires on depression, anxiety, stress, and affluence. Results showed stress, anxiety, and depression increased the most in lower-income families unable to sustain lockdowns. Stress and anxiety were highest in April and depression was highest in June. Healthcare workers and students also reported high levels of stress and anxiety. The disruption of school and daily routines impacted children's mental health.
Perceived COVID-19 risk, COVID-19 vaccine perception, and COVID-19 vaccinatio...Nghiên Cứu Định Lượng
1) This study surveyed 329 Vietnamese individuals from June-July 2021 about their perceptions of COVID-19 risk, attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines, and intention to get vaccinated.
2) The majority of respondents were under 35, employed as private office staff, university educated, and most concerned about vaccine safety.
3) Statistical analysis found scales measuring trust, risk perception, vaccine perception, social norms, social media, and vaccination intention were reliable. Higher trust, risk perception, vaccine perception and social influence positively correlated with vaccination intention.
Government strategies in the covid 19 vaccination programssuserc3d5aa
The document discusses government strategies for COVID-19 vaccination programs in Palu, Indonesia. It describes the policy model applied for COVID-19 vaccination in Palu as a centralized institutional model where the central government regulates and procures vaccines while the local government implements vaccination campaigns. The local government of Palu issued 7 policies to accelerate vaccination, including establishing vaccine rangers, ambassadors, festivals, and collaborating with community leaders to provide vaccination centers and increase the number of vaccinators.
The Things You Should Known About Covid-19 Exam / project English 2 or II Eng...RelinoLeon
COVID-19 first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. It has caused over 16,600 deaths worldwide and infected over 380,000 people. The document discusses Indonesia's response to the outbreak, including an initial 14-day lockdown to limit transmission. It also explains the importance of compliance with government policies like social distancing to avoid panic and reduce spread. Spreading misinformation about COVID-19 can result in legal penalties under Indonesian law.
ROLES OF TECHNOLOGY AGAINST NOVEL CORONA VIRUS Arpita Banerjee
This seminar discusses the roles of various technologies that can be used against the novel coronavirus. It covers how artificial intelligence can help detect COVID-19 from CT scans and monitor temperatures. Blockchain allows donors to track donations for COVID-19 treatment. Open-source platforms share data and test methodologies. Telehealth expands remote medical consultations. 3D printing aids production of needed medical supplies. Drones deliver supplies and enforce quarantines. Robots disinfect hospitals and reduce transmission. Virtual biometrics and video conferencing enable remote work and screening. Location tracking apps and CCTV spot infected individuals.
Statistical & Multi-objective Social Control of Infection Process of COVID-19Hiroshi Deguchi
We propose the policies for minimizing the death by COVIC-19 infection and keeping social functions as a multi-objective constraint satisfaction problem by using Agent-Based Simulation. I hope this slide becomes something to help all people in the world who are working against the pandemic.
The Modern-Day Heroes of the Tri- Bureaus of the Province of Ilocos Norte in ...AI Publications
The COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected the life of the law enforcement sector. This study explored the experiences of modern-day heroes from the Tri-Bureaus of Ilocos Norte during the health pandemic. It involved 19 participants composed of police officers, jail officers and fire officers who rendered duty during the total lockdown, Modified Enhanced Community Quarantine and General Community Quarantine. Qualitative-phenomenology, five major themes are identified as the feeling of distress, struggles amidst the challenges of the pandemic, motivational drives, life realizations and wellness as a priority. This study implies a need to revisit organizational policies to ensure the health and safety of personnel in the Tri-Bureaus.
The document summarizes the current situation of COVID-19 in Malaysia. It describes the origins and symptoms of the virus, as well as providing statistics on case numbers. It also outlines the various risk management measures taken by the Malaysian government, including movement restrictions, screening efforts, and economic aid packages. Public attitudes indicate most feel Malaysia will successfully control the virus, though some remain unsure. Prevention measures and treatment primarily focus on social distancing, hand washing, and seeking medical help for severe symptoms.
Analysis of Stress, Anxiety and Depression of Children during COVID-19Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The document analyzes stress, anxiety, and depression in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was conducted of over 500 families in India from April to July 2020. The families completed questionnaires on depression, anxiety, stress, and affluence. Results showed stress, anxiety, and depression increased the most in lower-income families unable to sustain lockdowns. Stress and anxiety were highest in April and depression was highest in June. Healthcare workers and students also reported high levels of stress and anxiety. The disruption of school and daily routines impacted children's mental health.
Perceived COVID-19 risk, COVID-19 vaccine perception, and COVID-19 vaccinatio...Nghiên Cứu Định Lượng
1) This study surveyed 329 Vietnamese individuals from June-July 2021 about their perceptions of COVID-19 risk, attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines, and intention to get vaccinated.
2) The majority of respondents were under 35, employed as private office staff, university educated, and most concerned about vaccine safety.
3) Statistical analysis found scales measuring trust, risk perception, vaccine perception, social norms, social media, and vaccination intention were reliable. Higher trust, risk perception, vaccine perception and social influence positively correlated with vaccination intention.
Achieving polio eradication a review of helth communication evidence and le...Dr Lendy Spires
This document reviews communication efforts around polio eradication in India and Pakistan between 2000-2007. It finds that evidence-based communication strategies, including sustained media campaigns, intensive community mobilization, interpersonal communication, and political advocacy combined contributed to reducing polio incidence. These strategies were effective by mobilizing social networks, creating political will, increasing knowledge, ensuring demand for vaccination, overcoming resistance, and reaching marginalized populations. Lessons from India and Pakistan's experiences can help improve public health communication interventions.
"HIPAA in the Era of Data Sharing" JAMA articleKasey Durbin
- A study examined trends in marijuana vaping among US adolescents from 2017-2019. It found significant increases in past 30-day marijuana vaping prevalence between 2018 and 2019 for 8th, 10th, and 12th graders.
- The increases between 2018-2019 were larger than between 2017-2018, particularly for 12th graders. Near daily marijuana vaping also increased over this period.
- The rapid rise in adolescent marijuana vaping indicates a need for new prevention and intervention efforts specifically targeting this age group. However, the study had limitations such as potential reporting errors and not including high school dropouts.
The document reports on the current situation of COVID-19 in Malaysia. It discusses the origins and transmission of COVID-19, the incubation period, symptoms, and the impact in Malaysia. It outlines actions taken by the Malaysian government and Ministry of Health to respond to the pandemic, including screening, quarantines, movement restrictions, and public awareness campaigns. It also discusses the roles of media, NGOs, universities and individuals in fighting the spread of the virus in Malaysia.
Malaysia is currently facing a rise in COVID-19 cases, with 23 new cases reported on July 25th. Two new clusters have been identified at a religious center in Johor and a construction company in Sarawak. Sarawak in particular is experiencing a second wave of cases. The Malaysian government has implemented the PKPP phase with less restrictive SOPs and reopened certain businesses. Comprehensive SOPs have been established to prevent spread while allowing some normalization. Testing has been increased but some argue it needs to be more widespread. The Health Ministry has received recognition for its successful management of the pandemic through leadership and coordinated response efforts.
UTILIZATION OF IMMUNIZATION SERVICES AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE I...AM Publications
Immunization is the key strategy to curb communicable diseases which are the number one killer of children under five. Immunization prevents mortalities of approximating three million children under five annually. This study aimed to assess utilization of immunization services among children under five of age in Kirinyaga County, Kenya.
The document analyzes the impact of health policies and vaccine rollout on COVID-19 waves in Italy from March 2020 to October 2021. It finds that:
1) A full national lockdown in March 2020 helped curb the first wave, but Italy had a high case fatality rate due to an unprepared healthcare system.
2) A three-tiered restriction system introduced in November 2020 was associated with decreasing case rates during the second wave, though the fatality rate remained high due to limited vaccines.
3) Despite a third wave in early 2021, hospitalizations and deaths decreased compared to earlier waves, likely due to the increasing vaccine rollout starting in late 2020.
Using mobile phones for nutrition surveillance a review of evidenceDr Lendy Spires
This document reviews evidence on using mobile phones for nutrition surveillance. It identifies 9 studies that assessed the impact of mobile phone-based surveillance systems, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. The studies evaluated systems for monitoring nutrition, livestock diseases, malaria, influenza and cholera. Most systems used basic phones and SMS to collect and transmit surveillance data from health facilities or communities to central databases. The evidence provides an overview of the technical aspects and data flows involved in mobile phone-based surveillance systems. However, the quality of available evidence is limited as the studies were mostly short pilot projects without rigorous evaluation.
Modeling and Forecasting the COVID-19 Temporal Spread in Greece: An Explorato...Konstantinos Demertzis
This document presents a novel method for modeling and forecasting the temporal spread of COVID-19 in Greece based on complex network analysis. The method develops a spline regression model where the knot vector is determined by community detection in the network representing the time series. The model provides a reliable framework for forecasting that can help inform decision making and management of health resources for fighting COVID-19 in Greece. The analysis finds that Greece's infection curve experienced 5 stages of declining dynamics and showed signs of saturation after 33 days, suggesting Greece's response has been effective at keeping cases and deaths relatively low.
Zika Virus: analysis, discussions and impacts in BrazilAJHSSR Journal
The ZikaDesease is increasing in Brazil since 2014. The causative vector is Aedesaegypti, which
through its bite can transmit the virus, causing microcephaly, it can causes consequences thought life. Beyond
the number of microcephaly cases growth, the Zika virus generates major problems involving the whole society
and economy of the country, such as the cost of medical treatment of the microcephalic child and his family that
will stop working to support and follow the treatment, and also to the cost of basic sanitation, as a prime factor
for mosquito control and the elaboration of public policies. Thus, the present work analyzed economic and
environmental aspects for the understanding the virus’ factors that provided the vector growth. A bibliographic
research carried out to understand the effects of the Zika virus and its economic, social and environmental
impacts. In this study, the costs related to microcephaly, the loss of income of microcephalic child’s relatives
and the country’s investment in basic sanitation were estimated
This study examined the relationship between knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention and HIV counselling and testing uptake among young people in Nigeria. The study is a quantitative research guided by one research question and one hypothesis. The target population comprised young people in Nigeria ages 15 to 24 years because the focus of this study was to identify the factors affecting HCT uptake among young people in this age cohort. The representative sample was obtained from the updated master sample frame of rural and urban zones developed by the National Population Commission in Nigeria. This master sample frame was a national survey that comprises all 36 states in Nigeria [2]. Probability sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 10091 respondents (ages 15 to 24 years) for the study. The multistage cluster sampling was used to select suitable young people with known probability. Data were collected throughout Nigeria between September and December 2012 from 32,543 households (rural = 22,192; urban = 10,351) using structured and semi-structured questionnaires. The individual questionnaires asked about household characteristics, background characteristics of the respondents. Data were analyzed by inputing them into SPSS v21.0 for analysis [4] and then coded them for each participant. The data were summed using descriptive statistics. Frequencies and percentages; measures of central tendencies were used to answer the research question while nonparametric test such as chi-square was used to analyze non-normally distributed data at 0.5 level of significance. Results of data analysis indicated that the cognitive factors of knowledge of HIV prevention and knowledge of HIV transmission were statistically significant predictors of the likelihood of having HCT uptake. It was among others recommended that stakeholders, authorities, and providers of health services in Nigeria should strive to increase the rate of HCT uptake among young people ages 15 to 24 years.
Risk management covid by zurinoor (ESC 5113)TengkuIsmail2
The document discusses the COVID-19 situation in Malaysia, globally, and some other countries. It outlines the phases and movement control orders Malaysia implemented. Current statistics in Malaysia show over 8,500 total cases. New clusters were detected during the recovery movement control order phase. The document also discusses the increasing numbers seen in the United States, India, Brazil, Indonesia, and Singapore. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of following safety procedures until a vaccine is developed.
COVID-19: Knowledge Base, Attitudes and Practices among Practising Journalist...Premier Publishers
The document discusses a study that examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of journalists in Abuja, Nigeria regarding COVID-19. The study utilized the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) model to assess how journalists' knowledge impacted their attitudes and behaviors related to COVID-19 protocols. The study found that journalists had generally good knowledge of COVID-19, which positively influenced their attitudes. However, their knowledge did not strongly correlate with adopting recommended practices. The study suggests journalists must follow public health protocols to effectively spread COVID-19 information to the public and encourage adherence to containment measures.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed smoking prevalence and disease burden globally between 1990-2015. The methodology used spatial and temporal modeling of 2818 data sources to estimate smoking rates by age, gender, year and location. Thirty-eight health outcomes were analyzed to calculate smoking-attributable deaths and disability. Data collection methods included estimating smoking exposure, defining health outcomes, and uncertainty analysis. Analysis examined trends in prevalence, mortality and incidence by demographics over time and between countries.
Thai COVID-19 patient clustering for monitoring and prevention: data mining t...IAESIJAI
This research aims to optimize emerging infectious disease monitoring techniques in Thailand, which will be extremely valuable to the government, doctors, police, and others involved in understanding the seriousness of the spread of novel coronavirus to improve government policies, decisions, medical facilities, treatment. The data mining techniques included cluster analysis using K-means clustering. The infection data were obtained from the open data of the digital government development agency, Thailand. The dataset consisted of 1,893,941 cumulative cases from January 2020 to October 2021 of the outbreak. The results from clustering consisted of 8 groups. Clustering results determined the three largest, three medium-sized, and the two most minor numbers of infected people, respectively. These clusters represent their activities, namely touching an infected person and checking themselves. The components of emerging diseases in Thailand are closely related to waves, gender, age, nationality, career, behavioral risk, and region. The province of onset was mainly in Bangkok and its vicinity or central Thailand, as well as industrial areas. Adult workers aged 19 to 27 years and 43 to 54 years or over were seeds of new infection sources.
The study aimed to investigate into the impact of a National COVID-19 Health contact tracing and monitoring system for Namibia. The study used qualitative methods as a research strategy. Qualitative data was collected
through zoom meeting and a Google form link was distributed to the participants. The findings of the study revealed
that a total of 18 participants responded to the semi-structured questions of which 38.9% represents male while
female 61.1%. The age group between 18–25 response rate were 22.2%, age group between 26–35 response rate were
55.6%, age group between 36–45 response rate were 16.7% and the age group between 46 and above response rate
was 10% represented in green colour to represent participants who fall in the age group between 46 and above
Digital technology and COVID-19
The past decade has allowed the development of a multitude of digital tools. Now they can be used to remediate the COVID-19 outbreak.
Daniel Shu Wei Ting, Lawrence Carin, Victor Dzau and Tien Y. Wong, publicado en Nature Medicine.
PANDEMIC INFORMATION DISSEMINATION WEB APPLICATION: A MANUAL DESIGN FOR EVERYONEijcsitcejournal
The aim of this research is to generate a web application from an inedited methodology with a series of
instructions indicating the coding in a flow diagram. The primary purpose of this methodology is to aid
non-profits in disseminating information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, so that users can share vital
and up-to-date information. This is a functional design, and a series of screenshots demonstrating its
behaviour is presented below. This unique design arose from the necessity to create a web application for
an information dissemination platform; it also addresses an audience that does not have programming
knowledge. This document uses the scientific method in its writing. The authors understand that there is a
similar design in the bibliography; therefore, the differences between the designs are described herein; it
is very important to point out that this proposal can be taken as an alternative to the design of any web
application.
Modified SEIR and machine learning prediction of the trend of the epidemic o...IJECEIAES
Susceptible exposed infectious recovered (SEIR) is a fitting model for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread prediction. Hence, to examine the effect of different levels of social distancing on the spreading of the disease, a variable was introduced in the SEIR equations system used in this work. We also used an artificial intelligence approach using a machine learning (ML) method known as deep neural network. This modified SEIR model was applied on the available initial spread data until June 25th, 2021 for the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Without lockdown in Jordan, the analysis demonstrates potential infection to roughly 3.1 million people during the peak of spread approximately 3 months, starting from the date of lockdown (March 21st). Conversely, the present partial lockdowns strategy by the Kingdom was expected to reduce the predicted number of infections to 0.5 million in 9 months period. The analysis also demonstrates the ability of stricter lockdowns to effectively flatten the graph curve of COVID-19 in Jordan. Our modified SEIR and deep neural network (DNN) model were efficient in the prediction of COVID-19 epidemic sizes and peaks. The measures taken to control the epidemic by the government decreased the size of the COVID-19 epidemic.
This document summarizes a research paper that surveys the use of deep learning and medical image processing techniques for detecting and responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses how deep learning has been applied to medical image analysis for various healthcare applications. It then reviews state-of-the-art research applying deep learning to COVID-19 medical imaging for detection and diagnosis. It also presents examples of this approach being used in China, Korea, and Canada. Finally, it discusses challenges and opportunities for further improving deep learning for COVID-19 medical imaging.
This paper presents a time series analysis of a novel coronavirus, COVID-19, discovered in China in December 2019 using intuitionistic fuzzy logic system with neural network learning capability. Fuzzy logic systems are known to be universal approximation tools that can estimate a nonlinear function as closely as possible to the actual values. The main idea in this study is to use intuitionistic fuzzy logic system that enables hesitation and has membership and non-membership functions that are optimized to predict COVID-19 outbreak cases. Intuitionistic fuzzy logic systems are known to provide good results with improved prediction accuracy and are excellent tools for uncertainty modelling. The hesitation-enabled fuzzy logic system is evaluated using COVID-19 pandemic cases for Nigeria, being part of the COVID-19 data for African countries obtained from Kaggle data repository. The hesitation-enabled fuzzy logic model is compared with the classical fuzzy logic system and artificial neural network and shown to offer improved performance in terms of root mean squared error, mean absolute error and mean absolute percentage error. Intuitionistic fuzzy logic system however incurs a setback in terms of the high computing time compared to the classical fuzzy logic system.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Management emergencies response and lesson learned from th...IJAEMSJORNAL
This article reviews best practices and lessons learned for emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic from various countries around the world based on a literature review. The key lessons identified include: establishing extensive public health infrastructure; building temporary hospitals; implementing effective isolation and quarantine methods; increasing social distancing; using digital surveillance systems; gaining community involvement; enacting lockdowns as a last resort; and considering crisis management from an Islamic perspective. The article concludes that emergency response and decision making play a very influential role in controlling the spread of COVID-19.
Achieving polio eradication a review of helth communication evidence and le...Dr Lendy Spires
This document reviews communication efforts around polio eradication in India and Pakistan between 2000-2007. It finds that evidence-based communication strategies, including sustained media campaigns, intensive community mobilization, interpersonal communication, and political advocacy combined contributed to reducing polio incidence. These strategies were effective by mobilizing social networks, creating political will, increasing knowledge, ensuring demand for vaccination, overcoming resistance, and reaching marginalized populations. Lessons from India and Pakistan's experiences can help improve public health communication interventions.
"HIPAA in the Era of Data Sharing" JAMA articleKasey Durbin
- A study examined trends in marijuana vaping among US adolescents from 2017-2019. It found significant increases in past 30-day marijuana vaping prevalence between 2018 and 2019 for 8th, 10th, and 12th graders.
- The increases between 2018-2019 were larger than between 2017-2018, particularly for 12th graders. Near daily marijuana vaping also increased over this period.
- The rapid rise in adolescent marijuana vaping indicates a need for new prevention and intervention efforts specifically targeting this age group. However, the study had limitations such as potential reporting errors and not including high school dropouts.
The document reports on the current situation of COVID-19 in Malaysia. It discusses the origins and transmission of COVID-19, the incubation period, symptoms, and the impact in Malaysia. It outlines actions taken by the Malaysian government and Ministry of Health to respond to the pandemic, including screening, quarantines, movement restrictions, and public awareness campaigns. It also discusses the roles of media, NGOs, universities and individuals in fighting the spread of the virus in Malaysia.
Malaysia is currently facing a rise in COVID-19 cases, with 23 new cases reported on July 25th. Two new clusters have been identified at a religious center in Johor and a construction company in Sarawak. Sarawak in particular is experiencing a second wave of cases. The Malaysian government has implemented the PKPP phase with less restrictive SOPs and reopened certain businesses. Comprehensive SOPs have been established to prevent spread while allowing some normalization. Testing has been increased but some argue it needs to be more widespread. The Health Ministry has received recognition for its successful management of the pandemic through leadership and coordinated response efforts.
UTILIZATION OF IMMUNIZATION SERVICES AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE I...AM Publications
Immunization is the key strategy to curb communicable diseases which are the number one killer of children under five. Immunization prevents mortalities of approximating three million children under five annually. This study aimed to assess utilization of immunization services among children under five of age in Kirinyaga County, Kenya.
The document analyzes the impact of health policies and vaccine rollout on COVID-19 waves in Italy from March 2020 to October 2021. It finds that:
1) A full national lockdown in March 2020 helped curb the first wave, but Italy had a high case fatality rate due to an unprepared healthcare system.
2) A three-tiered restriction system introduced in November 2020 was associated with decreasing case rates during the second wave, though the fatality rate remained high due to limited vaccines.
3) Despite a third wave in early 2021, hospitalizations and deaths decreased compared to earlier waves, likely due to the increasing vaccine rollout starting in late 2020.
Using mobile phones for nutrition surveillance a review of evidenceDr Lendy Spires
This document reviews evidence on using mobile phones for nutrition surveillance. It identifies 9 studies that assessed the impact of mobile phone-based surveillance systems, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. The studies evaluated systems for monitoring nutrition, livestock diseases, malaria, influenza and cholera. Most systems used basic phones and SMS to collect and transmit surveillance data from health facilities or communities to central databases. The evidence provides an overview of the technical aspects and data flows involved in mobile phone-based surveillance systems. However, the quality of available evidence is limited as the studies were mostly short pilot projects without rigorous evaluation.
Modeling and Forecasting the COVID-19 Temporal Spread in Greece: An Explorato...Konstantinos Demertzis
This document presents a novel method for modeling and forecasting the temporal spread of COVID-19 in Greece based on complex network analysis. The method develops a spline regression model where the knot vector is determined by community detection in the network representing the time series. The model provides a reliable framework for forecasting that can help inform decision making and management of health resources for fighting COVID-19 in Greece. The analysis finds that Greece's infection curve experienced 5 stages of declining dynamics and showed signs of saturation after 33 days, suggesting Greece's response has been effective at keeping cases and deaths relatively low.
Zika Virus: analysis, discussions and impacts in BrazilAJHSSR Journal
The ZikaDesease is increasing in Brazil since 2014. The causative vector is Aedesaegypti, which
through its bite can transmit the virus, causing microcephaly, it can causes consequences thought life. Beyond
the number of microcephaly cases growth, the Zika virus generates major problems involving the whole society
and economy of the country, such as the cost of medical treatment of the microcephalic child and his family that
will stop working to support and follow the treatment, and also to the cost of basic sanitation, as a prime factor
for mosquito control and the elaboration of public policies. Thus, the present work analyzed economic and
environmental aspects for the understanding the virus’ factors that provided the vector growth. A bibliographic
research carried out to understand the effects of the Zika virus and its economic, social and environmental
impacts. In this study, the costs related to microcephaly, the loss of income of microcephalic child’s relatives
and the country’s investment in basic sanitation were estimated
This study examined the relationship between knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention and HIV counselling and testing uptake among young people in Nigeria. The study is a quantitative research guided by one research question and one hypothesis. The target population comprised young people in Nigeria ages 15 to 24 years because the focus of this study was to identify the factors affecting HCT uptake among young people in this age cohort. The representative sample was obtained from the updated master sample frame of rural and urban zones developed by the National Population Commission in Nigeria. This master sample frame was a national survey that comprises all 36 states in Nigeria [2]. Probability sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 10091 respondents (ages 15 to 24 years) for the study. The multistage cluster sampling was used to select suitable young people with known probability. Data were collected throughout Nigeria between September and December 2012 from 32,543 households (rural = 22,192; urban = 10,351) using structured and semi-structured questionnaires. The individual questionnaires asked about household characteristics, background characteristics of the respondents. Data were analyzed by inputing them into SPSS v21.0 for analysis [4] and then coded them for each participant. The data were summed using descriptive statistics. Frequencies and percentages; measures of central tendencies were used to answer the research question while nonparametric test such as chi-square was used to analyze non-normally distributed data at 0.5 level of significance. Results of data analysis indicated that the cognitive factors of knowledge of HIV prevention and knowledge of HIV transmission were statistically significant predictors of the likelihood of having HCT uptake. It was among others recommended that stakeholders, authorities, and providers of health services in Nigeria should strive to increase the rate of HCT uptake among young people ages 15 to 24 years.
Risk management covid by zurinoor (ESC 5113)TengkuIsmail2
The document discusses the COVID-19 situation in Malaysia, globally, and some other countries. It outlines the phases and movement control orders Malaysia implemented. Current statistics in Malaysia show over 8,500 total cases. New clusters were detected during the recovery movement control order phase. The document also discusses the increasing numbers seen in the United States, India, Brazil, Indonesia, and Singapore. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of following safety procedures until a vaccine is developed.
COVID-19: Knowledge Base, Attitudes and Practices among Practising Journalist...Premier Publishers
The document discusses a study that examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of journalists in Abuja, Nigeria regarding COVID-19. The study utilized the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) model to assess how journalists' knowledge impacted their attitudes and behaviors related to COVID-19 protocols. The study found that journalists had generally good knowledge of COVID-19, which positively influenced their attitudes. However, their knowledge did not strongly correlate with adopting recommended practices. The study suggests journalists must follow public health protocols to effectively spread COVID-19 information to the public and encourage adherence to containment measures.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed smoking prevalence and disease burden globally between 1990-2015. The methodology used spatial and temporal modeling of 2818 data sources to estimate smoking rates by age, gender, year and location. Thirty-eight health outcomes were analyzed to calculate smoking-attributable deaths and disability. Data collection methods included estimating smoking exposure, defining health outcomes, and uncertainty analysis. Analysis examined trends in prevalence, mortality and incidence by demographics over time and between countries.
Thai COVID-19 patient clustering for monitoring and prevention: data mining t...IAESIJAI
This research aims to optimize emerging infectious disease monitoring techniques in Thailand, which will be extremely valuable to the government, doctors, police, and others involved in understanding the seriousness of the spread of novel coronavirus to improve government policies, decisions, medical facilities, treatment. The data mining techniques included cluster analysis using K-means clustering. The infection data were obtained from the open data of the digital government development agency, Thailand. The dataset consisted of 1,893,941 cumulative cases from January 2020 to October 2021 of the outbreak. The results from clustering consisted of 8 groups. Clustering results determined the three largest, three medium-sized, and the two most minor numbers of infected people, respectively. These clusters represent their activities, namely touching an infected person and checking themselves. The components of emerging diseases in Thailand are closely related to waves, gender, age, nationality, career, behavioral risk, and region. The province of onset was mainly in Bangkok and its vicinity or central Thailand, as well as industrial areas. Adult workers aged 19 to 27 years and 43 to 54 years or over were seeds of new infection sources.
The study aimed to investigate into the impact of a National COVID-19 Health contact tracing and monitoring system for Namibia. The study used qualitative methods as a research strategy. Qualitative data was collected
through zoom meeting and a Google form link was distributed to the participants. The findings of the study revealed
that a total of 18 participants responded to the semi-structured questions of which 38.9% represents male while
female 61.1%. The age group between 18–25 response rate were 22.2%, age group between 26–35 response rate were
55.6%, age group between 36–45 response rate were 16.7% and the age group between 46 and above response rate
was 10% represented in green colour to represent participants who fall in the age group between 46 and above
Digital technology and COVID-19
The past decade has allowed the development of a multitude of digital tools. Now they can be used to remediate the COVID-19 outbreak.
Daniel Shu Wei Ting, Lawrence Carin, Victor Dzau and Tien Y. Wong, publicado en Nature Medicine.
PANDEMIC INFORMATION DISSEMINATION WEB APPLICATION: A MANUAL DESIGN FOR EVERYONEijcsitcejournal
The aim of this research is to generate a web application from an inedited methodology with a series of
instructions indicating the coding in a flow diagram. The primary purpose of this methodology is to aid
non-profits in disseminating information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, so that users can share vital
and up-to-date information. This is a functional design, and a series of screenshots demonstrating its
behaviour is presented below. This unique design arose from the necessity to create a web application for
an information dissemination platform; it also addresses an audience that does not have programming
knowledge. This document uses the scientific method in its writing. The authors understand that there is a
similar design in the bibliography; therefore, the differences between the designs are described herein; it
is very important to point out that this proposal can be taken as an alternative to the design of any web
application.
Modified SEIR and machine learning prediction of the trend of the epidemic o...IJECEIAES
Susceptible exposed infectious recovered (SEIR) is a fitting model for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread prediction. Hence, to examine the effect of different levels of social distancing on the spreading of the disease, a variable was introduced in the SEIR equations system used in this work. We also used an artificial intelligence approach using a machine learning (ML) method known as deep neural network. This modified SEIR model was applied on the available initial spread data until June 25th, 2021 for the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Without lockdown in Jordan, the analysis demonstrates potential infection to roughly 3.1 million people during the peak of spread approximately 3 months, starting from the date of lockdown (March 21st). Conversely, the present partial lockdowns strategy by the Kingdom was expected to reduce the predicted number of infections to 0.5 million in 9 months period. The analysis also demonstrates the ability of stricter lockdowns to effectively flatten the graph curve of COVID-19 in Jordan. Our modified SEIR and deep neural network (DNN) model were efficient in the prediction of COVID-19 epidemic sizes and peaks. The measures taken to control the epidemic by the government decreased the size of the COVID-19 epidemic.
This document summarizes a research paper that surveys the use of deep learning and medical image processing techniques for detecting and responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses how deep learning has been applied to medical image analysis for various healthcare applications. It then reviews state-of-the-art research applying deep learning to COVID-19 medical imaging for detection and diagnosis. It also presents examples of this approach being used in China, Korea, and Canada. Finally, it discusses challenges and opportunities for further improving deep learning for COVID-19 medical imaging.
This paper presents a time series analysis of a novel coronavirus, COVID-19, discovered in China in December 2019 using intuitionistic fuzzy logic system with neural network learning capability. Fuzzy logic systems are known to be universal approximation tools that can estimate a nonlinear function as closely as possible to the actual values. The main idea in this study is to use intuitionistic fuzzy logic system that enables hesitation and has membership and non-membership functions that are optimized to predict COVID-19 outbreak cases. Intuitionistic fuzzy logic systems are known to provide good results with improved prediction accuracy and are excellent tools for uncertainty modelling. The hesitation-enabled fuzzy logic system is evaluated using COVID-19 pandemic cases for Nigeria, being part of the COVID-19 data for African countries obtained from Kaggle data repository. The hesitation-enabled fuzzy logic model is compared with the classical fuzzy logic system and artificial neural network and shown to offer improved performance in terms of root mean squared error, mean absolute error and mean absolute percentage error. Intuitionistic fuzzy logic system however incurs a setback in terms of the high computing time compared to the classical fuzzy logic system.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Management emergencies response and lesson learned from th...IJAEMSJORNAL
This article reviews best practices and lessons learned for emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic from various countries around the world based on a literature review. The key lessons identified include: establishing extensive public health infrastructure; building temporary hospitals; implementing effective isolation and quarantine methods; increasing social distancing; using digital surveillance systems; gaining community involvement; enacting lockdowns as a last resort; and considering crisis management from an Islamic perspective. The article concludes that emergency response and decision making play a very influential role in controlling the spread of COVID-19.
Fact and opinion about covid 19 outbreak DebbieInesyia
This document discusses the Covid-19 outbreak in Indonesia. It provides background on the origins and spread of the virus globally and in Indonesia. Key points discussed include the economic and social impacts of the outbreak in Indonesia, including lockdown policies implemented by the government and their effects. The document also examines the pressure the outbreak has put on healthcare systems and risks to medical workers. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of following government regulations and maintaining calm during the pandemic.
Social media engagement on COVID-19 vaccination during the pandemic: Cross-se...Pugalendhi R
. Social media plays an idealistic part in the present society. It assumes a significant role in expanding public awareness
and gathers perspectives. Thus, social media has taken a huge place among people all over the world. And the ideas shared on
social media reach people instantly. The Covid-19 virus, which is affecting more and more people around the world, It has infected
millions in various countries and caused many thousands of deaths. In India, a country with a large population, the incidence of
this virus is really higher. A Pune-based serum company has won a contract to develop the Covishield, a vaccine developed by the
University of Oxford in the United Kingdom to control the virus. And Bharat Biotech, based in Hyderabad has developed a vaccine
called 'Covaxin' in the national level invention. The two vaccines have been approved by the federal government for use on an
emergency basis. Accordingly, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India has confirmed that these two vaccines are
completely safe. Covid-19 vaccination is currently being implemented across India. This study explains whether the news about
the Covid-19 vaccine that is appearing on social media at the moment is raising awareness or causing fear among the people. For
this study the researcher selected the most Covid-19 affected areas in Chennai, Namely called Royapuram, Thiru Vi Ka Nagar,
Anna Nagar, and Kodambakkam. A total of 320 Respondents participated in the study and responded. This study was conducted
from 10 March 2021 to 10 April 2021.
Scopus Indexed Journal- AIP Conference Proceedings May 2023.pdfPugalendhi R
Social media engagement on COVID-19 vaccination during the pandemic: Cross-sectional survey in Chennai metropolitan
The document summarizes a survey conducted in Chennai, India from March to April 2021 on social media usage and perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines. The survey found that WhatsApp and YouTube were the most widely used and trusted social media platforms. While social media helped increase awareness, it also spread misinformation at times. Most age groups followed social media for vaccine information, with WhatsApp being the predominant source. The study aimed to understand social media's role in shaping views on vaccination.
COVID 19 Outbreak Prediction and Forecasting in Bangladesh using Machine Lear...ijtsrd
In this time, Novel Corona Virus is an important issue in the world, it also named COVID 19. This virus has been come from Wuhan, China in last December 2019. This virus has created critical circumstances in the whole world especially Bangladesh. The outbreak of COVID 19 is increasing gradually in Bangladesh. To predict and forecasting COVID 19 in Bangladesh we have used machine learning ML Linear Regression model. LR model is useful to predict the outbreak of COVID 19 in Bangladesh. It can be helped efficiently to predict some common numerical data like observation day, tested case, affected case, death case, recover cases, and forecast the number of upcoming cases for the next 30 days in Bangladesh. Our paper to study to analyze the epidemic growth of the COVID 19 in Bangladesh. We have applied the mathematical regression model to analyze the prediction and forecast for the effective threat of the COVID 19 in Bangladesh. The main objective of this paper how to predict the virus affected cases, recover cases, death cases, tested cases, and forecasting the future situation of Bangladesh. S M Abdullah Al Shuaeb | Md. Kamruzaman | Mohammad Al-Amin "COVID-19 Outbreak Prediction and Forecasting in Bangladesh using Machine Learning Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38068.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/38068/covid19-outbreak-prediction-and-forecasting-in-bangladesh-using-machine-learning-algorithm/s-m-abdullah-al-shuaeb
TRACKID – A LOCATION TRACKING APPLICATION FOR CHILDREN ON SCHOOL TRANSPORT CSEIJJournal
Education does not only entail children sitting in class to read books and study, but it also involves activities outside the classroom such as co-curricular activities, transport system, religious activities, and cleaning but unfortunately, they are not given as much thought as anticipated. In the school transport sector specifically, there has been a growing concern among parents on the safety of their children when they are on their way back home to school. Some parents are not able to take their children to and from school due to work demands and frequent traffic snarl-ups, therefore they choose to enroll their child into the school transportation system to cushion them of that burn.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE HEALTH SECTOR DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN S...IJCSES Journal
The document discusses Saudi Arabia's digital transformation of the health sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. It describes how Saudi Arabia rapidly deployed 19 digital applications and platforms to support public health duties and provide telehealth services. These included apps for teleconsultations, booking healthcare appointments, requesting emergency services, and contact tracing. The digital tools helped ensure essential services could still be provided after imposing restrictions to curb the spread of COVID-19.
Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Novel Coronavirus COVID 19 An Electronic Cr...ijtsrd
Outbreak of novel coronavirus diseases COVID 19 is a global health emergency, it has spread over more than 150 countries. In present situation preventive measures is main key to prevent the transmissions. An electronic cross sectional survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and create awareness among selected rural community. Structure questionnaire was created in the Google Forms, link was generated and distributed among peoples through their email and WhatsApp to participate in the survey. A total 103 subject was enrolled through convenient sampling technique. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Results of the study shows that majority 95.1 of participant had adequate information regarding the prevention of COVID 19, among that 55.3 were got the information from multimedia included television, radio, newspaper and 21.4 from the internet. Most 56.3 of the participants had adequate knowledge, 25.2 participants had moderately adequate and in 18.5 participants had inadequate knowledge regarding prevention of COVID 19. Study concluded that in most of the participants had adequate knowledge but it is not satisfactory because adequate knowledge is very essential among each and every member of the community and have to implement it into practice. Rahul Ranjan | Gopi Krishna Ranjan "Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): An Electronic Cross-Sectional Survey among Selected Rural Community" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30488.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/30488/knowledge-regarding-prevention-of-novel-coronavirus-covid19-an-electronic-crosssectional-survey-among-selected-rural-community/rahul-ranjan
Analysis of the efficiency of public policies in municipalities, with a popul...IJAEMSJORNAL
Pandemics, such as that of COVID-19, affect a large number of people, imposing new rules and social habits on them, aiming to modify the behavior that influences economic and social problems. In this context, the objective of this study was to be investigative, using the DEA tool (data envelopment analysis), seeking the efficiency of proposed and economic measures, seeking to assist them and also public policies in improving planning, trying to avoid problems such as those caused by the current pandemic. This is a cross-sectional and quantitative study, of an exploratory nature, carried out with data from the 10th. Region of the state of São Paulo, based on municipalities with 10,000, or more, inhabitants in the time interval from 05/03/2020 to 05/05/2021. This work is justified by the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic exposes structural weaknesses, economic differences and bottlenecks in the Brazilian health system, especially the lack or uneven distribution, in the territory, of health professionals and health professional, infrastructure, as well as limited production capacity, poor income distribution, the human development index and, still, the glaring differences in the GDP of the municipalities. It has been noted that 53% of the municipalities are deficient and that only 47% of them are above the average ideal efficiency rate of 0.823150. It is concluded, in this work, that the economic and social factors need to be better addressed and that social distance, the use of masks and personal hygiene must be encouraged by the representatives of the public power, in order to avoid a greater number of deaths.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Prevention o...ijtsrd
Objective To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice toward coronavirus disease COVID 19 Background The World Health Organization declared COVID 19 as a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020 and declared as a global health emergency. Since then, many efforts are being carried out to control the rapid spread of the ongoing COVID 19 epidemic in India. The control measures COVID 19 is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices KAP towards COVID 19. Knowledge attitude and practice of people should be directed towards strict preventive practices in order to prevents the spread of the virus. Materials and Methods The aim of the current electronic cross sectional study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice among selected rural community. Structured questionnaire was created in the google forms, the link was generated and distributed among the people though email and other media to participate in the survey. A total 153 subject was enrolled through convenient sampling technique. Collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Results Majority of participant 91.50 were having the adequate information regarding the covid 19 and most of participants, 52.28 were got the information from multimedia included television, radio and newspaper regarding COVID 19. About 52.28 participants were the aware about the online training program by the government .Among 153 participants, 115 had adequate knowledge, 23 had moderately adequate and 15 had inadequate knowledge. Most 75.16 of the participants had adequate knowledge, in 15.03 moderately adequate and in 9.80 inadequate knowledge found regarding prevention of COVID 19. The mean knowledge score was 15.54 with standard deviation of 2.93. Most of the 102 66.66 had most favourable attitude, 31 20.26 had favourable and 20 13.07 had unfavourable attitude . The mean attitude score was 34.76 with standard deviation of 2.86.Majority of the participants, 129 had good practice, 20 had average practice and 4 had bad practice . Most 84.31 of the participants had good practice, in 13.07 average practice and in 2.61 bad practice found regarding prevention of COVID 19. The mean practice score was 25.2 with standard deviation of 2.56. Lalan Kumar "A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Prevention of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): An Electronic Cross-Sectional Survey among Selected Rural Community" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30657.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/30657/a-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-attitude-and-practice-regarding-prevention-of-novel-coronavirus-covid19-an-electronic-crosssectional-survey-among-selected-rural-community/lalan-kumar
The susceptible-infected-recovered-dead model for long-term identification o...IJECEIAES
The coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic has spread massively to almost all countries including Indonesia, in just a few months. An important step to overcoming the spread of the COVID-19 is understanding its epidemiology through mathematical modeling intervention. Knowledge of epidemic dynamics patterns is an important part of making timely decisions and preparing hospitals for the outbreak peak. In this study, we developed the susceptible-infected-recovered-dead (SIRD) model, which incorporates the key epidemiological parameters to model and estimate the long-term spread of the COVID-19. The proposed model formulation is data-based analysis using public COVID-19 data from March 2, 2020 to May 15, 2021. Based on numerical analysis, the spread of the pandemic will begin to fade out after November 5, 2021. As a consequence of this virus attack, the cumulative number of infected, recovered, and dead people were estimated at ≈ 3,200,000, ≈ 3,437,000 and ≈ 63,000 people, respectively. Besides, the key epidemiological parameter indicates that the average reproduction number value of COVID-19 in Indonesia is 7.32. The long-term prediction of COVID-19 in Indonesia and its epidemiology can be well described using the SIRD model. The model can be applied in specific regions or cities in understanding the epidemic pattern of COVID-19.
GIVING UP PRIVACY FOR SECURITY: A SURVEY ON PRIVACY TRADE-OFF DURING PANDEMIC...ijcisjournal
While the COVID-19 pandemic continues to be as complex as ever, the collection and exchange of data in the light of fighting coronavirus poses a major challenge for privacy systems around the globe. The disease’s size and magnitude are not uncommon but it appears to be at the point of hysteria surrounding it. Consequently, in a very short time, extreme measures for dealing with the situation appear to have become
the norm. Any such actions affect the privacy of individuals in particular. In some cases, there is intensive monitoring of the whole population while the medical data of those diagnosed with the virus is commonly circulated through institutions and nations. This may well be in the interest of saving the world from a deadly disease, but is it appropriate and right? Although creative solutions have been implemented in many countries to address the issue, proponents of privacy are concerned that technologies will eventually erode privacy, while regulators and privacy supporters are worried about what kind of impact this could bring. While that tension has always been present, privacy has been thrown into sharp relief by the sheer urgency
of containing an exponentially spreading virus. The essence of this dilemma indicates that establishing the right equilibrium will be the best solution. The jurisprudence concerning cases regarding the willingness of public officials to interfere with the constitutional right to privacy in the interests of national security or public health has repeatedly proven that a reasonable balance can be reached.
Similar to Use of Digital Technologies in Public Health Responses to Tackle Covid-19: the Bangladesh Perspective (20)
A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO PREDICTING DEPRESSION: VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL INSIGHTS...hiij
While global standards have been established for diagnosing depression, the reliance on expert judgement
and observation remains a challenge. This study delves into a potential approach of efficient data
collection to increase the practicability of machine learning models in accurately predicting depression
based on a comprehensive analysis of verbal and non-verbal cues exhibited by individuals.
Health Disparities: Differences in Veteran and Non-Veteran Populations using ...hiij
Introduction: This study investigated self-reported health status, health screenings, vision problems, and
vaccination rates among veteran and non-veteran groups to uncover health disparities that are critical for
informed health system planning for veteran populations.
Methods: Using public-use data from the National Health Interview Survey (2015-2018), this study adopts
an ecologic cross-sectional approach to conduct an in-depth analysis and visualization of the data assisted
by Generative AI, specifically ChatGPT-4. This integration of advanced AI tools with traditional
epidemiological principles enables systematic data management, analysis, and visualization, offering a
nuanced understanding of health dynamics across demographic segments and highlighting disparities
essential for veteran health system planning.
Findings: Disparities in self-reports of health outcomes, health screenings, vision problems, and
vaccination rates were identified, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and policy adjustments.
Conclusion: Insights from this study could inform health system planning, using epidemiological data
assessment to suggest enhancements for veteran healthcare delivery. These findings highlight the value of
integrating Generative AI with epidemiological analysis in shaping public health policy and health
planning.
Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)hiij
Healthcare Informatics: An International Journal is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that Publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the health care.
The journal focuses on all of aspect in theory, practices, and applications of Digital Health Records, Knowledge Engineering in Health, E-Health Information, and Information Management in healthcare, Bio-Medical Expert Systems, ICT in health promotion and related topics. Original contributions are solicited on topics covered under the broad areas such as (but not limited to) listed below:
Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)hiij
Healthcare Informatics: An International Journal is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that Publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the health care.
The journal focuses on all of aspect in theory, practices, and applications of Digital Health Records, Knowledge Engineering in Health, E-Health Information, and Information Management in healthcare, Bio-Medical Expert Systems, ICT in health promotion and related topics. Original contributions are solicited on topics covered under the broad areas such as (but not limited to) listed below:
HEALTH DISPARITIES: DIFFERENCES IN VETERAN AND NON-VETERAN POPULATIONS USING ...hiij
Introduction: This study investigated self-reported health status, health screenings, vision problems, and
vaccination rates among veteran and non-veteran groups to uncover health disparities that are critical for
informed health system planning for veteran populations.
Methods: Using public-use data from the National Health Interview Survey (2015-2018), this study adopts
an ecologic cross-sectional approach to conduct an in-depth analysis and visualization of the data assisted
by Generative AI, specifically ChatGPT-4. This integration of advanced AI tools with traditional
epidemiological principles enables systematic data management, analysis, and visualization, offering a
nuanced understanding of health dynamics across demographic segments and highlighting disparities
essential for veteran health system planning.
Findings: Disparities in self-reports of health outcomes, health screenings, vision problems, and
vaccination rates were identified, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and policy adjustments.
Conclusion: Insights from this study could inform health system planning, using epidemiological data
assessment to suggest enhancements for veteran healthcare delivery. These findings highlight the value of
integrating Generative AI with epidemiological analysis in shaping public health policy and health
planning.
Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)hiij
Healthcare Informatics: An International Journal is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that Publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the health care.
The journal focuses on all of aspect in theory, practices, and applications of Digital Health Records, Knowledge Engineering in Health, E-Health Information, and Information Management in healthcare, Bio-Medical Expert Systems, ICT in health promotion and related topics. Original contributions are solicited on topics covered under the broad areas such as (but not limited to) listed below:
Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)hiij
Healthcare Informatics: An International Journal is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that Publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the health care.
The journal focuses on all of aspect in theory, practices, and applications of Digital Health Records, Knowledge Engineering in Health, E-Health Information, and Information Management in healthcare, Bio-Medical Expert Systems, ICT in health promotion and related topics. Original contributions are solicited on topics covered under the broad areas such as (but not limited to) listed below:
Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)hiij
Healthcare Informatics: An International Journal is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that Publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the health care.
The journal focuses on all of aspect in theory, practices, and applications of Digital Health Records, Knowledge Engineering in Health, E-Health Information, and Information Management in healthcare, Bio-Medical Expert Systems, ICT in health promotion and related topics. Original contributions are solicited on topics covered under the broad areas such as (but not limited to) listed below:
Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)hiij
Healthcare Informatics: An International Journal is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that Publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the health care.
The journal focuses on all of aspect in theory, practices, and applications of Digital Health Records, Knowledge Engineering in Health, E-Health Information, and Information Management in healthcare, Bio-Medical Expert Systems, ICT in health promotion and related topics. Original contributions are solicited on topics covered under the broad areas such as (but not limited to) listed below:
Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)hiij
Healthcare Informatics: An International Journal is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that Publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the health care.
The journal focuses on all of aspect in theory, practices, and applications of Digital Health Records, Knowledge Engineering in Health, E-Health Information, and Information Management in healthcare, Bio-Medical Expert Systems, ICT in health promotion and related topics. Original contributions are solicited on topics covered under the broad areas such as (but not limited to) listed below:
BRIEF COMMENTARY: USING A LOGIC MODEL TO INTEGRATE PUBLIC HEALTH INFORMATICS ...hiij
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a watershed moment in public health surveillance, highlighting the
crucial role of data-driven insights in informing health actions and policies. Revisiting key concepts—
public health, epidemiology in public health practice, public health surveillance, and public health
informatics—lays the foundation for understanding how these elements converge to create a robust public
health surveillance system framework. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, this integration was
exemplified by the WHO efforts in data dissemination and the subsequent global response. The role of
public health informatics emerged as instrumental in this context, enhancing data collection, management,
analysis, interpretation, and dissemination processes. A logic model for public health surveillance systems
encapsulates the integration of these concepts. It outlines the inputs and outcomes and emphasizes the
crucial actions and resources for effective system operation, including the imperative of training and
capacity development.
Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)hiij
Healthcare Informatics: An International Journal is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that Publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the health care.
The journal focuses on all of aspect in theory, practices, and applications of Digital Health Records, Knowledge Engineering in Health, E-Health Information, and Information Management in healthcare, Bio-Medical Expert Systems, ICT in health promotion and related topics. Original contributions are solicited on topics covered under the broad areas such as (but not limited to) listed below:
AUTOMATIC AND NON-INVASIVE CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE MONITORING IN PAEDIATRIC PATIENTShiij
Glycated haemoglobin does not allow you to highlight the effects that food choices, physical activity and
medications have on your glycaemic control day by day. The best way to monitor and keep track of the
immediate effects that these have on your blood sugar levels is self-monitoring, therefore the use of a
glucometer. Thanks to this tool you have the possibility to promptly receive information that helps you to
intervene in the most appropriate way, bringing or keeping your blood sugar levels as close as possible to
the reference values indicated by your doctor. Currently, blood glucose meters are used to measure and
control blood glucose. Diabetes is a fairly complex disease and it is important for those who suffer from it
to check their blood sugar (blood sugar) periodically throughout the day to prevent dangerous
complications. Many children newly diagnosed with diabetes and their families may face unique challenges
when dealing with the everyday management of diabetes, including treatments, adapting to dietary
changes, and the routine monitoring of blood glucose. Many questions may also arise when selecting a
blood glucose meter for paediatric patients. With current blood glucose meters, even with multiple daily
self-tests, high and low blood glucose levels may not be detected. Key factors that may be considered when
selecting a meter include accuracy of the meter; size of the meter; small sample size required for testing;
ease of use and easy-to-follow testing procedure; ability for alternate testing sites; quick testing time and
availability of results; ease of portability to allow testing at school and during leisure time; easyto- read
numbers on display; memory options; cost of meter and supplies. In this study we will show a new
automatic portable, non-invasive device and painless for the daily continuous monitoring (24 hours a day)
of blood glucose in paediatric patients.
INTEGRATING MACHINE LEARNING IN CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMShiij
This review article examines the role of machine learning (ML) in enhancing Clinical Decision Support
Systems (CDSSs) within the modern healthcare landscape. Focusing on the integration of various ML
algorithms, such as regression, random forest, and neural networks, the review aims to showcase their
potential in advancing patient care. A rapid review methodology was utilized, involving a survey of recent
articles from PubMed and Google Scholar on ML applications in healthcare. Key findings include the
demonstration of ML's predictive power in patient outcomes, its ability to augment clinician knowledge,
and the effectiveness of ensemble algorithmic approaches. The review highlights specific applications of
diverse ML models, including moment kernel machines in predicting surgical outcomes, k-means clustering
in simplifying disease phenotypes, and extreme gradient boosting in estimating injury risk. Emphasizing
the potential of ML to tackle current healthcare challenges, the article highlights the critical role of ML in
evolving CDSSs for improved clinical decision-making and patient care. This comprehensive review also
addresses the challenges and limitations of integrating ML into healthcare systems, advocating for a
collaborative approach to refine these systems for safety, efficacy, and equity.
BRIEF COMMENTARY: USING A LOGIC MODEL TO INTEGRATE PUBLIC HEALTH INFORMATICS ...hiij
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a watershed moment in public health surveillance, highlighting the
crucial role of data-driven insights in informing health actions and policies. Revisiting key concepts—
public health, epidemiology in public health practice, public health surveillance, and public health
informatics—lays the foundation for understanding how these elements converge to create a robust public
health surveillance system framework. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, this integration was
exemplified by the WHO efforts in data dissemination and the subsequent global response. The role of
public health informatics emerged as instrumental in this context, enhancing data collection, management,
analysis, interpretation, and dissemination processes. A logic model for public health surveillance systems
encapsulates the integration of these concepts. It outlines the inputs and outcomes and emphasizes the
crucial actions and resources for effective system operation, including the imperative of training and
capacity development.
INTEGRATING MACHINE LEARNING IN CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMShiij
This review article examines the role of machine learning (ML) in enhancing Clinical Decision Support
Systems (CDSSs) within the modern healthcare landscape. Focusing on the integration of various ML
algorithms, such as regression, random forest, and neural networks, the review aims to showcase their
potential in advancing patient care. A rapid review methodology was utilized, involving a survey of recent
articles from PubMed and Google Scholar on ML applications in healthcare. Key findings include the
demonstration of ML's predictive power in patient outcomes, its ability to augment clinician knowledge,
and the effectiveness of ensemble algorithmic approaches. The review highlights specific applications of
diverse ML models, including moment kernel machines in predicting surgical outcomes, k-means clustering
in simplifying disease phenotypes, and extreme gradient boosting in estimating injury risk. Emphasizing
the potential of ML to tackle current healthcare challenges, the article highlights the critical role of ML in
evolving CDSSs for improved clinical decision-making and patient care. This comprehensive review also
addresses the challenges and limitations of integrating ML into healthcare systems, advocating for a
collaborative approach to refine these systems for safety, efficacy, and equity.
Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)hiij
Healthcare Informatics: An International Journal is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that Publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the health care.
The journal focuses on all of aspect in theory, practices, and applications of Digital Health Records, Knowledge Engineering in Health, E-Health Information, and Information Management in healthcare, Bio-Medical Expert Systems, ICT in health promotion and related topics. Original contributions are solicited on topics covered under the broad areas such as (but not limited to) listed below:
The Proposed Guidelines for Cloud Computing Migration for South African Rural...hiij
It is now overdue for the hospitals in South African rural areas to implement cloud computing technologies in order to access patient data quickly in an emergency. Sometimes medical practitioners take time to attend patients due to the unavailability of kept records, leading to either a loss of time or the reassembling of processes to recapture lost patient files. However, there are few studies that highlight challenges faced by rural hospitals but they do not recommend strategies on how they can migrate to cloud computing. The purpose of this paper was to review recent papers about the critical factors that influence South African hospitals in adopting cloud computing. The contribution of the study is to lay out the importance of cloud computing in the health sectors and to suggest guidelines that South African rural hospitals can follow in order to successfully relocate into cloud computing.The existing literature revealed that Hospitals may enhance their record-keeping procedures and conduct business more effectively with the help of the cloud computing. In conclusion, if hospitals in South African rural areas is to fully benefit from cloud-based records management systems, challenges relating to data storage, privacy, security, and the digital divide must be overcome.
SUPPORTING LARGE-SCALE NUTRITION ANALYSIS BASED ON DIETARY SURVEY DATAhiij
While online survey systems facilitate the collection on copious records on diet, exercise and other healthrelated data, scientists and other public health experts typically must download data from those systems
into external tools for conducting statistical analyses. A more convenient approach would enable
researchers to perform analyses online, without the need to coordinate additional analysis tools. This
paper presents a system illustrating such an approach, using as a testbed the WAVE project, which is a 5-
year childhood obesity prevention initiative being conducted at Oregon State University by health scientists
utilizing a web application called WavePipe. This web application has enabled health scientists to create
studies, enrol subjects, collect physical activity data, and collect nutritional data through online surveys.
This paper presents a new sub-system that enables health scientists to analyse and visualize nutritional
profiles based on large quantities of 24-hour dietary recall records for sub-groups of study subjects over
any desired period of time. In addition, the sub-system enables scientists to enter new food information
from food composition databases to build a comprehensive food profile. Interview feedback from novice
health science researchers using the new functionality indicated that it provided a usable interface and
generated high receptiveness to using the system in practice.
AN EHEALTH ADOPTION FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEWhiij
The document summarizes a systematic literature review on factors influencing adoption of eHealth technologies in developing countries. The review analyzed 29 papers published between 2009-2021. Key findings included:
- Widely used frameworks for eHealth adoption in developing countries were TAM, UTAUT, and TOE, but these did not fully capture all relevant factors.
- Additional factors identified included socio-demographic, technological, information, socio-cultural, organizational, governance, ethical/legal, and financial dimensions.
- The review proposed a novel, context-specific eHealth adoption framework for developing countries with eight dimensions addressing the above factors.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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Use of Digital Technologies in Public Health Responses to Tackle Covid-19: the Bangladesh Perspective
1. Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.11, No.1, February 2022
DOI : 10.5121/hiij.2022.11101 1
USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN PUBLIC
HEALTH RESPONSES TO TACKLE COVID-19: THE
BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVE
Samrat Kumar Dey*1
, Khaleda Mehrin2
, Lubana Akter3
and Mshura Akter4
1
School of Science and Technology (SST),
Bangladesh Open University (BOU), Gazipur-1705, Bangladesh
2
Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information and Statistics (BANBEIS),
Ministry of Education, Bangladesh
3,4
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE),
Dhaka International University (DIU), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
ABSTRACT
This paper aims to study the fight against COVID-19 in Bangladesh and digital intervention initiatives. To
achieve the purpose of our research, we conducted a methodical review of online content. We have
reviewed the first digital intervention that COVID-19 has been used to fight against worldwide. Then we
reviewed the initiatives that have been taken in Bangladesh. Our paper has shown that while Bangladesh
can take advantage of the digital intervention approach, it will require rigorous collaboration between
government organizations and universities to get the most out of it. Public health can become increasingly
digital in the future, and we are reviewing international alignment requirements. This exploration also
focused on the strategies for controlling, evaluating, and using digital technology to strengthen epidemic
management and future preparations for COVID-19.
KEYWORDS
COVID-19, Digital health, Digital intervention, ICT intervention, public health, Coronavirus, Data
analytics, Bangladesh
1. INTRODUCTION
COVID-19, also known as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCOV), is a new strain of coronavirus
that was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has drastically spread
throughout the whole world. Today, 220 Countries and territories worldwide have confirmed
209,326,903 cases according to WHO (World Health Organization) of the COVID-19 and death
full in 4393412 [1]. In Bangladesh, we have around 1461998 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and
a death toll of 25282. In March 2019, we had 3 cases of COVID-19 victims and were confirmed
by the Institute of Epidemiology, disease control and Research (IEDCR) for the first time [2].
After that, the Government of Bangladesh ensured strict nationwide lockdown.
From March 18, the Government of Bangladesh has structured real-time RT-PCR testing in 2019.
But still, it is deficient. However, the authorities have taken multipurpose steps against the
viruses, including diagnosis of the suspected cases, quarantine of doubted people and isolation of
infected patients, and local or regional lockdown—closure of all Government and enforcing
social distaining ICU and Oxygen facilities. But the government have unravelled to make proper
strategies, including contact tracing introducing antigen-based rapid detection kit and tailed to
make a multi-disciplinary team to combat this disease. Again, lack of testing facilities and
2. Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.11, No.1, February 2022
2
insufficient treatment services are the main challenge for Bangladesh to tackle this situation
successfully. In Bangladesh, mainly young professionals and working people are mostly affected
with COVID-19. IEDCR reported that 68% of COVID-19 positive cases were 21 to 50 years of
age. Over such years, people on the other side constituted 21% of the total infected people [3].
The children and young are also at life risk because of new types of COVID-19. However, in
Bangladesh, mainly Dhaka, Narayanganj, Gazipur, and Chittagong have the most confirmed
cases of COVID-19. Since March 8 2019, our educational sectors have been closed. Our
government is trying to cope with this situation. But it is on the unpredictable challenge of such a
developing country disease. The world is running to discovery for the progress of the digital
environment, where the world depends on the vast network of the internet. In 2021 G.N Rebecca
et al. worked on some internet-based platforms used by different countries around Asia [4]. That
research aimed to review the role of big data and digital technologies in controlling COVID-19 in
Asia. Those researchers implemented different Digital tools, including real-time epidemiological
dashboards, interactive maps of case location, mobile apps for tracing patients’ contacts, and
geofencing to monitor quarantine willingness. The researchers were visualized that those Digital
Technologies have naturalized and emphasized the traditional public health measures for
preclusion of SARS- CoV-2 spread in Asia. Researchers constantly explore their research process
to widen their research area. In this Covid time, they find their research in another level, 2020
researcher S. Whitelaw et al. in another work on the digital base technology in COVID-19
pandemic planning and response [5]. The researcher focused on the covid vaccine or therapy and
how to digital technology helped general people in this Covid time. They highlighted how to
coordinated government efforts across the globe had been focused on containment and
mitigation, with varying degrees of success. They also highlight how successful countries had
adopted this application for pandemic planning, surveillance, testing, contact tracing, quarantine,
and health care. J. Budd et al. researched in 2020 based on Digital technologies in the public-
health response to COVID-19 [6]. In this paper, scientists worked on a noble purpose, and they
were made focused on the worldwide, including population surveillance, case identification,
contact tracing, and evaluation of interventions based on mobility data and communicating with
the public. They discover the width of digital innovations for the public-health response to
COVID-19 worldwide and their brackets and interruption to their implementation, including
legal, ethical, and privacy interruption, as well as organizational and workforce barriers. Q. Wang
et al. [7] made an interest in integrating digital technologies and public health to fight COVID-19
pandemic. Researchers had been focused based on healthcare in this covid-19 pandemic.
Research fellows have found their research results: geographic distribution, discipline
distribution, collaboration network, and vital topics of digital healthcare before and after the
COVID-19 pandemic. They were discovered that these challenges mainly come from four
aspects: 1. data delays, 2. data fragmentation, 3. privacy security, and 4. data security
vulnerabilities. Researchers provided the future application prospects of digital healthcare. Along
with the Government, personal awareness and assistance of non-government organizations,
private organizations, researchers, doctors, industrialists, and international organizations are
firmly required to moderate this highly infected disease. Primary data were collected and
analysed using a pre-created Google Survey form having a pre-set questionnaire on the social
distancing status of different districts. Secondary data on the total and daily laboratory tests
confirmed positive cases, and death cases were extracted from publicly available sources to make
predictions. Estimated the primary reproduction number (R0) based on the SIR mathematical
model and predicted the probable fate of this pandemic in Bangladesh. Quarantine situations in
different regions of Bangladesh were evaluated and presented. This research also provided
tentative forecasts until May 31 2020 and found that approximately the predicted curve followed
the actual curve. Estimated R0 values (6.924) indicated that the infection rate would be greater
than the recovery rate. Furthermore, by calibrating the parameters of the SIR model to fit the
reported data, we assume the ultimate ending of the pandemic in Bangladesh by December 2022.
3. Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.11, No.1, February 2022
3
2. METHODOLOGY
This issue is still exotic, and all the academic literature is unavailable for the different
applications and websites. We followed different online content based on mobile applications and
websites to attain our research objectives. This study observed that the content approach is widely
accepted in research. The online content was detached through systematic coding and
interpretation. The exploration strings were used to find the guidable online content from global
aspects was “digital interventions and coronavirus,” “digital intervention and COVID19”,
“information technology and coronavirus,” “information technology and COVID-19”, “digital
services and coronavirus,” “digital services and COVID-19”, “artificial intelligence and
coronavirus”, “artificial intelligence and COVID19”, “mobile application and data science and
robot and coronavirus,” “mobile application and data science and robot and COVID-19”,
“electronic health services and coronavirus,” and “electronic health services and COVID-19”.
The analogous set of keywords associated with ‘and Bangladesh’ were also used to explore the
content focusing on behalf of Bangladesh, an example, “digital intervention and coronavirus and
Bangladesh,” “digital intervention and COVID-19 and Bangladesh”, and similar that. The
research output was created more than 1000 sites contents. Then we dispelled that content which
was discussed by the same topics. Especially that news article focused on the same digital/ICT
application, but that topic was published in multiple newspapers. These online contents were not
focused on our research objectives, and the English and Bengali wrote that content. This
exploration discovered various informatics applications that played an important role in this
pandemic situation in the base of the Bangladesh platform. In this research, we explore all the
applications and websites by owning. After exploring those, we find the prospective data on how
people got benefits by using those mobile applications and websites. We explore the data based
on Bangladesh that used those applications and websites. We figure out those data in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Users’ perception towards different web and mobile based solution in Bangladesh
Then all the data were synthesized and analysed to explore the applications from a global
perspective and in the context of Bangladesh. Finally, we conducted a comparative analysis
between these two sets of exploring to assume the underlying facts of digital application in
Bangladesh and future perspectives of accepting any new digital applications in Bangladesh to
campaign the pandemic spread of COVID-19.
4. Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.11, No.1, February 2022
4
3. DIGITAL INTERVENTION TO TACKLE COVID-19
According to the report, on February 11 2021, around 47.61 million people are now depending on
the internet, and internet usage is increasing day by day. With the increase of internet-user,
mobile and social media users are also increasing. Around 165.8 million people use the mobile
application, and 45.00 million people use a different social media site. In Bangladesh, this
COVID pandemic situation this user of the internet, mobile, and different kind of application and
the website number of users increased. Nowadays, for the betterment of the public and to lead a
safe life, Bangladesh innovated different kinds of mobile applications, and websites are taking
virtual place. Some digital innovations of mobile applications and websites for this covid
pandemic following.
3.1. Boithok
This is a companion app for the Boithok platform, a web-based video conferencing platform [8].
The app is based on a zoom online meeting platform. The book is hosted in the National Data
centre of Bangladesh Computer Council (BCC). And it's maintained by the BNDA team. This
platform lets users share their necessities and feelings through perfect instant secure video
conferencing that creates an accurate virtual meeting scenario. This platform is entirely secure,
and users' data are entirely safe. This app is completely free to use but currently limited to
government organizations. It is also available in the play store. No account is needed to join any
conference. An account is needed to create a conference. The host can control the access to the
conferences with a password—a feature of unlimited messaging and a private messaging option.
No downloads are required to join the conversation. Users can directly join Boithok conferences
within their browsers as well. A dedicated desktop version app is also available. Recording and
sharing: A host can easily record their meeting, and any participant can share their screen with
audio.
Figure 2. User Interface of Boithok application.
3.2. Surokkha
To distribute the COVID-19 vaccine among the people of Bangladesh, the ICT Division of
Bangladesh has come up with a web portal and mobile application to proceed with the initial
registration process [9]. Surokkha provides the facility to register for vaccination for the people
of Bangladesh. If anyone wants to register for the COVID-19 vaccine, they must provide the
5. Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.11, No.1, February 2022
5
National Identification number to verify. The following information is being captured from this
application.
Figure 3. User Interface of Surokkha application.
National Identification Number
Date of Birth
Mobile Phone number
Comorbidity
Desired Address for Vaccination Centre
User consent for receiving the vaccine
The application verifies the user by sending OTP to the given mobile-phone number and
registering. Registrants can check their application status, download the Vaccine Card and
download the Certificate later. About last eight months by helped by Surokkha application about
31012179 people take was 1st doze and 13285707 people were taken 2nd doze of the COVID-19
vaccine in Bangladesh. Linear models are simple way to predict output using a linear function of
input features.
3.3. Live COVID-19 Test
This is an extensive data analysis tool where the users will be able to take a 30-seconds quiz to
answer questions that will determine the susceptibility of Coronavirus in Bangladesh. The
objective of this tool is to have a bird' eye view of the status of the whole country, generate a
considerable amount of data that was analysed to make strategic decisions. The Government will
also use this to assess situations of communities, which will help take critical measures.
6. Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.11, No.1, February 2022
6
Figure 4. User Interface of Surokkha application.
A data dashboard was developed, an information management tool that visually tracks, analyses,
and displays key indicators regarding the status of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. Different types of
metrics and key data points were generated and will be displayed in the dashboard to have
detailed and bird's eye views. Location and mapping features were the essential building blocks
for this platform. Different types of metrics and key data points were generated and will be
displayed in the dashboard to have detailed and bird's eye views. We have planned to make this
system with a mapping first approach. We have chosen the Google maps feature to build an
efficient and helpful system.
3.4. Hello Doctor
Hello Doctor is the most innovative mobile application to get medical consultancy. It helps by
Telemedicine to make a video call to doctor to get medical consultancy [10]. Appointments Get
an appointment with experienced Doctors anywhere, 24/7. E-prescription Get your prescription in
your app and through SMS. Medicine Reminder Track your medicines and get reminders every
time.
7. Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.11, No.1, February 2022
7
Figure 5. Hello doctor web dashboard
Utilities Health tips, Emergency medical actions, Medicines for primary pre-cautions. Clean
design and attractive design will create a great user experience. User-friendly experience is the
best user-friendly Medicare application.
3.5. Corona Tracer
Corona Tracer-BD is an initiative by the ICT Division and DGHS to bring the people of
Bangladesh together in the combined fight against COVID-19 [11]. Shohoz Ltd. powers the
technology. This app utilizes a Bluetooth signal to understand if you are near another Tracer app
user. It will help you identify whether you are at risk of COVID-19 infection by checking if you
have been in recent contact with an infected individual. If your case seems risky, you will be able
to seek medical help at the earliest and go into self-isolation.
Figure 6. Corona Tracer BD App on Play store.
8. Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.11, No.1, February 2022
8
It provides information on various topics such as symptoms, what to do in case of suspected
infection, and locating nearby health and testing units. In case of a suspected infection, the citizen
can check if the symptoms are compatible with COVID-19's, and if so, they will be instructed
and sent to the nearest primary health unit. The Government's official news area for viewing the
latest statistics on the pandemic.
3.6. Education for the Nation
The Innovation Design and Entrepreneurship Academy (IDEA) project of Bangladesh Computer
Council (BCC) under the ICT Division will provide technical support to conduct the online
classes [12].
Figure 7. Education for nation website dashboard
Classes of ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth grades will be taken online. Each class will be
continued for 60 minutes with 45 minutes of teaching and the remaining 15 minutes of question
and answer (Q/A) sessions. Students will be provided with the routine of the classes and the
necessary materials in advance. The Start-up Bangladesh-IDEA project will also create an online
platform to deliver the same service through online management and with the help of start-ups in
different educational institutions across the country centring on the education sect.
3.7. BSMMU-a2i Specialized Telehealth Centre
BSMMU-a2i Specialized Telehealth Centre: During the Covid-19 crisis, citizens were being
deprived of regular healthcare services [13]. In this regard, the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib
Medical University (BSMMU), in collaboration with ICT Division, launched the BSMMU-a2i
Specialized Telehealth Centre (09611677777) to provide medical advice to citizens of the
country through video and audio calls. By this platform, all citizens of Bangladesh may get
medical suggestions and information.
9. Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.11, No.1, February 2022
9
Figure 8. BSMMU-a2i specialized telehealth centre website dashboard
3.8. The Crowdfunding Platform Ek Desh
The country's first Crowdfunding platform Ek Desh has been launched to facilitate Zakat and
donations distribution for people, quickly from anywhere, anytime through banking channels
[14]. The technology-based Ek Desh platform has been launched to ensure financial assistance
and social security to the underprivileged people and small businesses affected by the Corona
crisis. Through the Ek Desh platform, people from different walks of life across the country can
pay Zakat or small financial donations to selected Government and non-government
organizations, including the Prime Minister's Relief Fund and the Islamic Foundation.
Figure 9. Ek Desh app user interface available on the Play store
10. Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.11, No.1, February 2022
10
3.9. Food for Nation and Phone-E-Nittoponno
A public-private coordination group has been set up under the initiative of a2i's e-shop, and a
logistic network has been established coordinating 116 e-commerce and logistics companies, e-
CAB, and Dhaka Divisional Administration [15]. 1000 pharmacies and more than 1 lakh
registered points/shops, including grocery stores, have been prepared. Marketing of agricultural
products of local farmers has also been initiated across the country, and the Food for Nation
platform's activities are underway in coordination with the Ministry of Agriculture.
Figure 10. Food for nation related news report on newspaper
4. DISCUSSION
In this section, we describe a comparative analysis of the approaches adopted by Bangladesh in
comparison with the rest of the world. Like other countries, Bangladesh has taken various steps to
prevent coronavirus. The most challenging task in Bangladesh was to bring people from real life
to virtual life and get services from there. Now we believe that digital technologies join a long
line of public-health innovations that have been at the heart of disease-prevention-and-
containment strategies for centuries. The unprecedented human and economic needs presented by
COVID-19 are driving scale and speed development and adoption of new digital technologies.
We have highlighted the potential of digital technology capable of tracing and identifying cases
in rapid identification and monitoring travel patterns lockdown time and dimensions of public-
health messaging to support epidemiological intelligence with online datasets. All the digital
platforms used in this pandemic situation are given many benefits all over Bangladesh. There has
a percentage of these applications in which information are available online source is below.
Table 1. The percentage of users befitted from digital technology [16]
Name Benefit
Percentage
Boithok 66%
Surokkha 86%
Live corona test 84%
Corona Action Bot 84%
Hello Doctor 84%
Covid 19 Tracker 80%
Ek Desh 82%
Corona Tracer 72%
11. Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.11, No.1, February 2022
11
Table 1 shows the percentage of Boithok at 66%, Surokkha at 86%, Live Corona test 84%,
Corona Action bot 84%, Hello Doctor 84%, COVID-19 Tracer 80%, Ek Desh 82%, and Corona
Tracer 72% at the point of user benefits. The highest percentage at the Surokha application is
about to 86%, and the lowest at the Boithok application is about 66%. A graphical representation
of these percentage with services in Figure 11 shows the user benefits and another line for
services. This graph shows us a ratio between that’s above all the application.
Figure 11. The ratio between user benefit and services [16]
The widespread use of digital solutions remains a barrier. Bangladesh has increased the number
of users of this COVID worldwide application internet, mobile, and different types and websites.
Now for universal improvement and to lead a safer life in Bangladesh, mobile applications and
websites are taking a virtual place in various innovations. These COVID worldwide following
mobile applications and websites are digital innovations. Public health may become increasingly
digital in the future, and this case and worldwide preparation plans, recognizing the importance
of digital technology, have become urgent. Technology companies such as key stakeholders in
the digital field, rather than partners, should be long-term partners preparing only when the
emergency is underway. Viruses know no boundaries and, increasingly, neither digital
technology nor information. Coordination of international strategies for controlling, evaluating,
and using digital technology is needed to strengthen epidemic management and future
preparedness for COVID-19 and other infectious.
5. CONCLUSION
In this research, all the mobile applications and websites are evaluated through Digital
Technology in the public health response to the COVID-19 the Bangladesh perspective. All those
applications and websites are on acceptation, but all applications have to improve some
informatics issues. In this study, we have systematically reviewed the digital technology
initiatives that have been taken across the world and Bangladesh for the appeasement of the
pandemic expansion of COVID-19. Based on our relative exploration, we propose some areas
where Bangladesh can reduce the pandemic spread of COVID-19. After analysis, we think that
some of the digital technology that has been taken and confirmed helpful in the global aspect may
be possible in Bangladesh. To acquire this, we think a collaboration between Government and
private sectors will be needed. Our research study has several limitations, but at the same time,
provides some capital for future research. First, we used specific keywords to search for the
relevant material applications and websites. Second, it may be that the elements that we have
used may have some biases in their reporting data. Third, we think timely and up-to-date data are
the key to most digital technology that we have recognized our study for in this paper. Therefore,
upcoming works would require collecting exact data applying multiple processes and not just
depending on testing facilities. This research validates those applications created to better human
12. Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.11, No.1, February 2022
12
life in the COVID-19 pandemic and still gives us helpful information-friendly services with their
ability.
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13. Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.11, No.1, February 2022
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AUTHORS
Samrat Kumar Dey is a Lecturer at the School of Science and Technology (SST),
Bangladesh Open University (BOU), Bangladesh. He has received his M.Sc. and
B.Sc. in Computer Science and Engineering from Military Institute of Science and
Technology (MIST), BUP, Bangladesh, and Patuakhali Science and Technology
University (PSTU), Bangladesh in 2019 and 2015 respectively. His research interest
includes Visual Data Analytics, Health Informatics, Information visualization, HCI,
Machine Learning, and Deep Learning. Mr. Samrat has published more than thirty
(35+) research articles in reputed journals and conferences. Also, he has served as a technical committee
member and reviewer for different international journals and conferences worldwide.
Khaleda Mehrin is an Assistant Programmer, UITRCE, BANBEIS (Bangladesh
Bureau of Educational Information and Statistics), Ministry of Education,
Bangladesh. She has received M.Sc.in Computer Science from Jahangirnagar
University (JU), Bangladesh, and B.Sc. from Patuakhali Science and Technology
University (PSTU), Bangladesh in 2016 and 2012 respectively. As an expert IT
officer, she is contributing to the field of Information and Technology in Bangladesh
through her job.
Lubana Akter is an Undergrad student of Computer Science and Engineering at the
Dhaka International University, Bangladesh. She is the Regional Winner at the
NASA Space Apps Challenge 2021. Her research interest mainly focuses on Data
analysis, Machine learning, and big data. She is Skilled in software development,
python, and Object-oriented programming (OOP).
Mshura Akter is a student of Dhaka International University at the Department of
Computer Science and Engineering. She is mainly interested in the Software
Complexity, Network Security, and IoT research domain.