Social media engagement on COVID-19 vaccination during the pandemic: Cross-sectional survey in Chennai metropolitan

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RESEARCH ARTICLE | MAY 04 2023
Social media engagement on COVID-19 vaccination during
the pandemic: Cross-sectional survey in Chennai
metropolitan
Pugalendhi Rajamanickam ; Janet Mary Santhappan
AIP Conference Proceedings 2655, 020006 (2023)
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0114354
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Social Media Engagement On COVID-19 Vaccination
During The Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Survey In Chennai
Metropolitan
Pugalendhi Rajamanickam*1,a
, Janet Mary Santhappan2,b
1
Department of Visual Communication, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Semmancheri,
Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600119, India.
2
Department of Communication, Madras Christian College, Tambaram East, Tambaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
600059, India.
Corresponding author: a
pugal.viscom@sathyabama.ac.in
b
janetmary@mcc.edu.in
Abstract. Social media plays an idealistic part in the present society. It assumes a significant role in expanding public awareness
and gathers perspectives. Thus, social media has taken a huge place among people all over the world. And the ideas shared on
social media reach people instantly. The Covid-19 virus, which is affecting more and more people around the world, It has infected
millions in various countries and caused many thousands of deaths. In India, a country with a large population, the incidence of
this virus is really higher. A Pune-based serum company has won a contract to develop the Covishield, a vaccine developed by the
University of Oxford in the United Kingdom to control the virus. And Bharat Biotech, based in Hyderabad has developed a vaccine
called 'Covaxin' in the national level invention. The two vaccines have been approved by the federal government for use on an
emergency basis. Accordingly, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India has confirmed that these two vaccines are
completely safe. Covid-19 vaccination is currently being implemented across India. This study explains whether the news about
the Covid-19 vaccine that is appearing on social media at the moment is raising awareness or causing fear among the people. For
this study the researcher selected the most Covid-19 affected areas in Chennai, Namely called Royapuram, Thiru Vi Ka Nagar,
Anna Nagar, and Kodambakkam. A total of 320 Respondents participated in the study and responded. This study was conducted
from 10 March 2021 to 10 April 2021.
Keywords: Covid-19 Vaccines, Covid -19, Social Media, Covaxin and Covishield vaccines
1. INTRODUCTION
As of 19 April 2021, WHO reports 142,238,073 confirmed cases and 3,032,124 confirmed deaths in 207 countries,
areas, or regions, [1] have explained that social media have become the most important platform for online
communication, democracy, fact, and origin of infotainment. In a pandemic condition like the Covid-19 outbreak,
social media is the most searched platform for gathering news. However, there are lakhs of people spreading
information, awareness, and rumors about Covid-19 Vaccines and vaccination [2]. In this study, Social media must
be controlled to support the public health response [3]. A well-planned analysis of global online conversations could
provide an assessment of the spread and possible changes in public attitudes and behavior. Development of new
vaccines, internationally coordinated responses to public perceptions and attitudes [4]. Numerous research articles
have been published on the Covid-19 and its associated diseases, but a few studies have been published on the Covid-
19 vaccines and their benefits and harms[5]. In this study, the researcher explained, which social media is popular
among urban areas of Chennai[6]. Also, the researchers have found, whether social media is creating awareness or
causing fear to the public concerning the Covid-19 Vaccines, In-depth interviews were conducted using five close-
International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Material Sciences
AIP Conf. Proc. 2655, 020006-1–020006-9; https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0114354
Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-4475-1/$30.00
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ended questions with 320 active social media users, who are frequently following the pandemic updates on different
social media platforms.
a. Severe Respiratory Disease (SARS - Background)
SARS threatens China in 2003. The disease is transmitted by a type of virus that infects the respiratory tract. The
virus, first detected in China, has infected 37 countries. A total of 8,098 people were affected by SARS, of whom 774
died. About 17 years later, the same virus struck China again. The virus infects the lungs and causes pneumonia.
Today the Covid-19 virus is threatening the world. But before that, AIDS was a disease that shocked everyone around
the world [6]. In 1976, AIDS spread from the African nation of Congo. The worst cases were reported in the 1990s
and 2000s. Previous Statistical shows that about three crores 60 lakh people have died of AIDS so far. Due to the
ongoing awareness and high-quality medicine about the deadly disease AIDS, the number of people suffering from
the disease is declining significantly [7].
b. Covid-19 virus vs Vaccines
The virus is suspected to have spread from an animal slaughterhouse in China's Wuhan province in December 2019.
Although the virus may have changed in bats, research has shown that it can be transmitted by snakes. But, most
researchers disagree. They say there is no clear evidence that the Covid-19 virus can infect snakes and that only birds
can easily infect the virus. Although the Covid-19 virus has been around for centuries, no casualties were reported
until 2002. So far the current statistics show that the infection rate is higher and the incidence is lower. All the major
diseases mentioned in history. Many thousands have died [8]. It should be noted that in a densely populated country
like China, only more than a hundred deaths have occurred in three weeks. This is only 3 percent. When will the
Covid-19 vaccine be discovered, and when will it hit the market in 2020? The answer to that question is available as
early as 2021. Covid-19 vaccination for the public in various states of India will begin soon. To confirm this, rehearsals
for Covid-19-virus vaccination have been held today in five places in Tamil Nadu including Chennai, Nellai, and
Nilgiris. Covid-19 vaccination is to be given to front-line personnel, including doctors, police and the media, and the
public, following the guidelines followed during the rehearsal. Due to the work of doctors, nurses, cleaners, police,
and journalists, the first phase of Covid-19 vaccination will be given to 5 lakh people in Tamil Nadu who are at high
risk of Covid-19 infection [9]. A total of 42,000 places have been identified as shopping malls and primary health
centers. 21 thousand nurses have been specially trained to be vaccinated. With them, Covid-19 Vaccine rehearsals
were conducted at a total of 17 places in the state of Tamil Nadu, including the Rajiv Gandhi Government General
Hospital in Chennai and the Government Health Canter in Santhom. Those who will be vaccinated against Covid-19
will first receive an SMS confirming it. It will contain details including the place, day, and time of vaccination.
According to that description, users have to go to a particular canter on a particular day. Users, there will be given
disinfectants for hand-washing [10]. After that, they will be seated in a social space. Users who are seated with a social
gap will be verified with their ID card or Aadhaar ID to verify that they are the same person who sent the SMS to be
vaccinated as per the register. The blood pressure and sugar levels of the vaccinated persons are checked. If all goes
well they will be sent to a special room where the Covid-19 vaccine will be given. Persons who have been vaccinated
against Covid-19 in a separate room should not leave the home immediately. They must stay in the vaccination centers
for 30 minutes [11]. After that, they can return home with the consent of the doctors if they do not feel any discomfort.
The vaccine is given in 2 doses at one-month intervals [12]. According to the World Health Organization Instructions,
it is planned to vaccinate a maximum of 100 people a day at a rate of 25 people per 2 hours. COVID-19 affects
different people in different ways. Most infected people will develop mild to moderate illness and recover without
hospitalization [13].
c. Astrazeneca Covid-19 Vaccine
The World Health Organization (WHO) has said it has no problem using AstraZeneca’s Covit-19 vaccine as European
countries avoid it. European countries, including Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Italy, and Romania, have been reported
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to have contracted some blood clots due to the AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine, which has been used to prevent the
spread of the Covid-19 virus. As a result, many Europeans are reluctant to be vaccinated with AstraZeneca. Due to
this, these countries are reducing the supply of the Govt-19 vaccine. But The World Health Organization's Prevention
and Drug Advisory Committee has studied this. It has nothing to do with the AstraZeneca vaccine and blood clotting.
A study of Covid-19 deaths revealed no deaths due to the vaccine. WHO spokeswoman Margaret Harris has strongly
declared that there is no harm in using AstraZeneca like other vaccines. Before starting this study, the researcher has
discussed with the government physician about the Covid-19 Vaccines, because the researcher wants to know about
the vaccine before conducting the interview with the public. The researcher asked few important questions about
Covid-19 vaccines to find out the awareness ratio of the urban people who know about the vaccine. The Government
Physician patiently answered the all questions.
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The awareness level about the negative and positive roles of web-based social media in the pandemic state of
COVID-19, and he has discovered his investigation, it is shown that most of the gathering have acquired information
and awareness on COVID-19, through social media. The role of social media has been a great help in all times of
disaster. As mentioned in this study, social media is a medium that reaches more people today. As mentioned in this
study the news spread on social media sometimes brings negative news to the people as well as many times positive
news to the people. Public awareness of COVID-19 can be reinforced by TV, We Chat, newspapers, Internet social
stages, just as loved ones. The utilization of social media platforms can emphatically impact awareness of public
health behavioural changes and public protection against COVID-19. According to the researcher in this study, social
media has made a tremendous difference to people with health-related news in times of the Covid-19 outbreak. The
impact of media reportage and public feeling may have a strong influence on the public and private sectors in making
decisions. According to the researcher in this study, the media has always been a mirror that reflects the feelings of
the people. The Public health regime may use online media platforms as useful tools to increase public health
awareness. According to the researcher in this study, social media plays a huge role in bringing health awareness
messages to the masses. The social media reports to take a more progressive role, those who follow the social media,
who want to start taking responsibility for our posting and sharing. As this study points out, the person sharing the
news should be responsible for all the news spread on social media, because more and more people today have in their
hands not only cell phones but also social media. According to this research article, while the health-related ideas
spread by social media raise enough awareness among the public, social media has brought enough awareness
messages to the public during the Covid-19 outbreak in a large country like China. Social media has explained how
people can protect themselves from the Covid-19 virus. The Usage of social media to conduct health campaigns is a
powerful state as one can reach out to many people over a short time period. There is a growing pattern in the attention
to health awareness with the effective use of digital media as a tool for spreading information. According to the
researcher in his study, social media health awareness messages go to the people at the same time and create adequate
awareness. Chan, digital media has the potential if responsibly and suitably used, to give fast and effective key
information during the COVID-19 pandemic. A clear relationship between right-leaning media consumption and
pandemic-related public health beliefs.
3. METHOD
In this study, a survey was conducted among urban people residing in the Chennai districts of Tamil Nadu between
the Months of March to April 2021. A set of 5 questions were circulated among the public based on knowledge,
awareness, perception of Covid-19 Vaccines, and role of social media. A structured questionnaire was prepared by
the researcher according to the doctor’s advice. And it was validated with subject experts. Nearly 320 people
responded to this survey. Who was divided into different age groups? Similarly, this study found out the number of
Covishield or Covaxin were provided by the government and what is the opinion of the people on social media. The
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study also explained how people feel after being vaccinated. The study examines the status of people who follow
social media news about the Covid-19 vaccine. The people who are not following and people who don’t follow social
media were excluded. The data has been collected with a detailed in-depth interview and analyzed. The statistical tests
used are descriptive analysis and mean variables. The results are plotted in tables.
4. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
 Finding out the opinion of social media followers about the Covid-19 vaccine.
 Finding out which social media is most followed by people.
 Discovering the authenticity of social media about the Covid-19 vaccine.
 Finding out which age group is most likely to follow social media.
 Finding out what people think after getting the Covid-19 vaccine?
5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This survey was conducted to assess the awareness level about the Covid-19 Vaccines of social media in the
epidemic conditions. This study was conducted on the people of the age groups 18 to 30, 30, 31 to 50, 51 to 60, and
Above 60. Table 1 represents the various social media that are used by people. Table 1 represents 20% of the
respondents are selected the most trusted social media is What’s App, At the same time, along with the four areas in
Chennai, people have chosen WhatsApp as the most followed social media. 17% of people have chosen YouTube as
trustworthy and most followed one and 16% of the people have Chosen Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Finally,
7% of people have chosen Google+ and 8% of the people have chosen Snapchat. As we can see from Table 1,
WhatsApp and YouTube seem to be the most followed media and least trusted ones among people from four regions
of Chennai.
Demographic characteristics of the respondents to the survey
TABLE 1. The Trustworthy and mostly Preferred Social media by People from Chennai Urban.
Regions Royapuram Thiru Vi Ka Nagar Anna Nagar Kodambakkam All Regions
Social Media Numbers % Numbers % Numbers % Numbers % Average %
YouTube 13 17% 14 17% 13 16% 15 19% 17%
Facebook 11 15% 15 18% 11 14% 13 16% 16%
Twitter 10 13% 11 13% 18 23% 12 15% 16%
Instagram 13 17% 13 15% 11 14% 14 18% 16%
WhatsApp 15 20% 18 21% 15 19% 16 20% 20%
Google + 07 9% 05 5% 07 8% 04 5% 7%
Snapchat 06 8% 09 11% 05 6% 06 7% 8%
Total 75 100% 85 100% 80 100% 80 100% 100%
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TABLE 2. Represents which age group is most likely to follow social media
The researcher before conducting this study with the public divided the age of the respondents into four categories
and posed questions related to the study. The researcher thus divided the number of social media users by age group.
This makes it clear that people of any age are more likely to follow social media messages. The study results show
that 41% of the respondents come under the age group18 and 30, and 43% of the respondents come under the age
group 31 and 50 those who are all followers of social media in all four areas of Chennai. Table 2 also represents that
7% of the respondents come under the age group 51 and 60 and 8% of the respondents come under the age group
above 60.
TABLE 3. Represents the ratio of vaccinated and not vaccinated from four regions of Chennai
Table 3 clearly shows the results, the number of people vaccinated against Covid-19 in Chennai is 60% in Rayapuram,
73% in Thiru Vika Nagar, 76% in Anna Nagar, and 80% in Kodambakkam. Covishield vaccinated 67% in Rayapuram,
60% in Thiru Vika Nagar, 51% in Anna Nagar and 45% in Kodambakkam. Similarly, 33% of covaxin vaccinated
persons were from Rayapuram, 40% from Thiru Vika Nagar, 49% from Anna Nagar, and 55% from Kodambakkam.
Regions Royapuram Thiru Vi Ka Nagar Anna Nagar Kodambakkam All
Regions
Age Groups Numbers % Numbers % Numbers % Numbe
rs
% Average %
18–30 29 39% 35 41% 36 45% 31 39% 41%
31–50 35 47% 37 44% 30 37% 35 44% 43%
51–60 07 9% 06 7% 07 9% 09 11% 9%
≥ 60 04 5% 07 8% 07 9% 05 6% 7%
Total 75 100% 85 100% 80 100% 80 100% 100%
Areas Royapuram Thiru vi ka Nagar Anna Nagar Kodambakkam
Covid-19
Vaccines
N % N % N % N %
Covishield
Vaccine
30 67% 37 60% 31 51% 29 45%
Covaxin
Vaccine
15 33% 25 40% 30 49% 35 55%
No of
Vaccinates
45 100% 62 100% 61 100% 64 100%
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Chennai Zones No of Respondents Vaccinated Not Vaccinated Vaccinated %
Royapuram 75 45 30 60%
Thiru Vi Ka Nagar 85 62 23 73%
Anna Nagar 80 61 19 76%
Kodambakkam 80 64 16 80%
TABLE 4. How do you feel after getting the Covid-19 Vaccine?
The researcher was framed three sub-questions related to the Covid-19 vaccine to get detailed results. The
researcher has questioned the health and mental status of the people who have been vaccinated against Covid-19 in
four areas in Chennai. Hence 53% of the respondents in the Rayapuram region people has answered that they feel safe
and 24% of the respondents are answered that increases self-confidence and eventually 23% of the respondents are
answered a little scared but they said their health condition is normal. Similarly in Thiru Vi ka Nagar region, 43% of
respondents who have been vaccinated have been answered that they feel safe and 41% of respondents are answered
that it boosts self-confidence and finally 16% of respondents are answered a little scared but the health state is normal.
Like that 43% of respondents are answered those who were vaccinated against Covid-19 virus in Anna Nagar they
said that they felt safe, 33% of respondents are answered that their self-esteem was improving and finally 24% of
respondents are answered that they were a little scared but their health is normal.
Finally, in the Kodambakkam area, 53% of respondents are answered that they feel safe and 31%of of respondents
are answered that it increases self-confidence and finally 16% of respondents are answered that they are a little scared
but the health is normal. The results of Table 4 clearly show those who have been vaccinated against Covid-19 in four
regions of Chennai that is 48% of respondents are answered they feel safe. A further 32% confirm that their self-
esteem is increasing. Very few people are answered that they have little fear. That’s just 20% but they say the body
and mental condition is normal.
Chennai Zones Royapuram ThiruVi Ka Nagar Anna Nagar Kodambakkam All Regions
About Covid-19
Vaccines
N % N % N % N % Average %
I Feel Safe 24 53% 27 43% 26 43% 34 53% 48%
Confidence
Increases
11 24% 25 41% 20 33% 20 31% 32%
Is a Little Scary 10 23% 10 16% 15 24% 10 16% 20%
No of Vaccinates 45 100% 62 100% 61 100% 64 100% 100%
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TABLE 5. How do you feel when you see the news about the Covid-19 vaccine on social media?
This Survey was conducted on both vaccinated and non-vaccinated people. The researcher has questioned about
social media news on Covid-19 Vaccine, Table 5 represents 49% of respondents are answered that the news increases
the reliability. At the same time, 33%of respondents are answered that they increasing awareness when they see news
about the Covid-19 vaccine on social media. Finally, 18% of respondents are answered causing fear. Therefore the
majority of respondents are answered Covid-19 vaccine increases reliability and awareness. Very few people are
answered they get a little scared when they see news about the Covid-19 vaccine on social media.
6. DISCUSSION
All social media is founded for the benefit of the people. At the same time, social media users' followers should
think or analyse themselves before share their favorite messages or opinion via social media. Because nowadays all
age groups are following it, social media has become a much faster medium to reach people than television, radio, and
newspapers.
All social media is started for the benefit of the people. At the same time, Social media users may share their
messages after in-depth analyses. Because users cannot modify once messages shared with others. Nowadays social
media has become a much faster medium to reach people than television, radio, and newspapers. The results of this
study make it clear that all social networking sites and media are very responsible. People share messages about
welfare and health which reach all kinds of individuals and they get the benefit. Before the arrival of social media, the
awareness of news was spread through traditional media like newspaper television and radio had been massively
popular. But social media has overcome the prior Media.
From the day the Covid-19 virus was spreading in 2019 till today people are seeing various gossips on social media.
At the same time, Social Medias are creating awareness of “how to protect ourselves” from the effects of the Covid-
19 virus. The researcher has conducted the study to find out the level of vaccination awareness among the people
during the period of the second wave of Covid-19 in India. Many countries have been recovered from the second wave
of Covid-19. Now countries like India need to recover from the second wave. We hope that such studies will be useful.
The Indian government has announced that both Covid-19 vaccines covishield and covaxin are safe, even though still
lees percentage of the population coming forward to be vaccinated. The reason why people voluntarily get vaccinated
is that some people share the misinformation about the Covid-19 vaccine on social media, thus making people less
conscious of the Covid-19 vaccine.
Chennai Region Royapuram Thiru Vi Ka
Nagar
Anna Nagar Kodambakkam All
Regions
About Covid-19
Vaccines
N % N % N % N % Average %
Increases
reliability
35 47% 47 55% 41 51% 34 43% 49%
Raises awareness 30 40% 25 30% 25 31% 26 33% 33%
Causing fear 10 13% 13 15% 14 18% 20 25% 18%
No of Respondents 75 100% 85 100% 80 100% 80 100% 100%
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In Tables 4 and 5, the investigator explains the number of people following social media and the number of people
who have been vaccinated, and why they have not been vaccinated. The results of this study show that people are
more aware of vaccine related messages than the misinformation that appears on social media. Because the majority
of people say that awareness messages about the vaccine increase our reliability. Table 4 indicates that people who
have been vaccinated, after that they felt safe and some of them say it boosts their self-confidence. A very less
percentage of people are saying; they had little fear. Table 3 indicates that the number of people who have been
vaccinated is higher than those who have not been vaccinated, thus showing that people living in Chennai areas have
a better understanding of the Covid-19 vaccine. The results of Table 2 show that social media followers age 18 to 30
and 31 to 50 years old people largely cooperate with the study. At the same time, it shows that very few people over
the age of 50 contributed to the study. Finally, Table 1 shows that WhatsUp and YouTube are the most followed social
media by the people of Chennai and both of these are trustworthy and also this study shows that people consider Social
media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram as reliable mediums.
7. CONCLUSION
From the study, it is shown that the majority of respondents have answered awareness increased on Covid-19
Vaccine through social media. Social media is a collective platform shared by all groups of people. They share the
facts and awareness placed by the government during quarantine and people have understood to some extent what
happenings in the country, at the same time People are advised not to believe all the information randomly. The survey
was conducted among the people living in four urban areas in Chennai. The study was conducted on the basis of a
field study on the extent to which people are currently aware of the widely shared Covid-19 vaccine. The results of
this study show that people are paying attention to other news shared on social media as well as health-related
awareness messages, while others say they are a little apprehensive about rumours about the Covid-19 vaccine. These
are reflected in the results of this study. These results of the Covid-19 vaccine are tentative and vary from place to
place from time to time and the results of this study are not permanent.
8. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Further research is needed to examine how social media channels can be used to improve health knowledge and to
adopt healthy behaviours in cross-cultural contexts. All of the data obtained in this study may change from time to
time so the results of this study cannot be taken permanently. The percentage of women and men who were vaccinated
against the Covid-19 was not focused in this study. Misconceptions spreading on social media were not questioned in
this study. And people are not being questioned about minor allergies or side effects caused by the vaccine. The future
of social media is in the hands of the people. This is because the results of this study show that urban residents who
handle social media are surplus times more aware. And the researcher hopes this study would be useful for future
generations to study the Covid-19 vaccine.
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