The document discusses key aspects of developing a research problem including identifying a problem area, formulating a problem statement, and writing research objectives. It provides criteria for selecting a good research problem such as being feasible, interesting, novel, ethical and relevant. Guidelines are presented for writing measurable objectives using action verbs to focus the study and organize data collection. Differentiating between research problems, questions, statements and topics is also covered.
Educational Research 102: Selecting the Best Study Design for your Research Q...fnuthalapaty
This document discusses selecting the appropriate study design for an educational research question. It begins by describing different types of research including empirical vs non-empirical and basic vs applied research. It then covers quantitative research designs like experimental, quasi-experimental, causal-comparative and correlational studies. Key aspects of these designs like control groups, randomization, pre-post testing are explained. Threats to internal and external validity and steps in the research process are also summarized. The document aims to help researchers understand how to match their research question to the best fitting study design.
This document discusses quantitative research and different types of variables used in quantitative research. It describes experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental research designs. Experimental research allows controlling variables to determine causation, while quasi-experimental and non-experimental designs observe phenomena naturally. The document also defines independent, dependent, intervening, control, and confounding variables and provides examples of each.
Research variable - Chinn and Kramer stated that variables are concepts at different levels of the abstraction that are concisely defined to promote their measurement or manipulation with in study.
A research objective is a clear, concise, declarative statement, which provides direction to investigate the variables under the study.
This document provides an introduction to nursing research. It defines research and nursing research, and discusses the importance of nursing research in building the nursing knowledge base, improving patient care, and establishing nursing as a profession. Nursing research involves systematic inquiry into issues related to nursing practice, education, administration, and nurses. It also outlines different research methodologies including qualitative and quantitative designs. Key terms used in nursing research are defined.
The document summarizes the author's expertise in teaching and scholarly presentations. It outlines their passion for teaching across multiple courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Their goal is to promote knowledge acquisition, critical thinking, and application of learning to clinical practice. They employ active learning strategies like discussions, presentations, and flipped classrooms. Student evaluations praise their engagement, knowledge, and passion for teaching. The author has also mentored 17 students and received teaching awards. They have developed new courses and curriculum.
This document provides an overview of nursing research. It begins by outlining the objectives of the lecture, which are to define nursing research, discuss the nurse's role in research participation, and review the research process and types of research methods. It then discusses why research is important for nursing, highlighting that it allows the profession to grow and practice evidence-based care. The document reviews quantitative and qualitative research methods and different types within each. It also outlines the consumer-producer continuum in nursing research and defines key research terms and concepts.
This document provides an overview of nursing research. It begins by outlining the objectives of the lecture, which are to define nursing research, discuss the role of nurses in research participation, and review the different types of research methods. It then discusses the importance of nursing research, highlighting that evidence-based practice relies on research evidence. It also outlines the different roles nurses can play in research, from critiquing studies as BSNs to leading independent research as doctorally-prepared nurses. Finally, it reviews the major types of research methods, including quantitative, qualitative, and outcomes research, providing examples of each.
Educational Research 102: Selecting the Best Study Design for your Research Q...fnuthalapaty
This document discusses selecting the appropriate study design for an educational research question. It begins by describing different types of research including empirical vs non-empirical and basic vs applied research. It then covers quantitative research designs like experimental, quasi-experimental, causal-comparative and correlational studies. Key aspects of these designs like control groups, randomization, pre-post testing are explained. Threats to internal and external validity and steps in the research process are also summarized. The document aims to help researchers understand how to match their research question to the best fitting study design.
This document discusses quantitative research and different types of variables used in quantitative research. It describes experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental research designs. Experimental research allows controlling variables to determine causation, while quasi-experimental and non-experimental designs observe phenomena naturally. The document also defines independent, dependent, intervening, control, and confounding variables and provides examples of each.
Research variable - Chinn and Kramer stated that variables are concepts at different levels of the abstraction that are concisely defined to promote their measurement or manipulation with in study.
A research objective is a clear, concise, declarative statement, which provides direction to investigate the variables under the study.
This document provides an introduction to nursing research. It defines research and nursing research, and discusses the importance of nursing research in building the nursing knowledge base, improving patient care, and establishing nursing as a profession. Nursing research involves systematic inquiry into issues related to nursing practice, education, administration, and nurses. It also outlines different research methodologies including qualitative and quantitative designs. Key terms used in nursing research are defined.
The document summarizes the author's expertise in teaching and scholarly presentations. It outlines their passion for teaching across multiple courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Their goal is to promote knowledge acquisition, critical thinking, and application of learning to clinical practice. They employ active learning strategies like discussions, presentations, and flipped classrooms. Student evaluations praise their engagement, knowledge, and passion for teaching. The author has also mentored 17 students and received teaching awards. They have developed new courses and curriculum.
This document provides an overview of nursing research. It begins by outlining the objectives of the lecture, which are to define nursing research, discuss the nurse's role in research participation, and review the research process and types of research methods. It then discusses why research is important for nursing, highlighting that it allows the profession to grow and practice evidence-based care. The document reviews quantitative and qualitative research methods and different types within each. It also outlines the consumer-producer continuum in nursing research and defines key research terms and concepts.
This document provides an overview of nursing research. It begins by outlining the objectives of the lecture, which are to define nursing research, discuss the role of nurses in research participation, and review the different types of research methods. It then discusses the importance of nursing research, highlighting that evidence-based practice relies on research evidence. It also outlines the different roles nurses can play in research, from critiquing studies as BSNs to leading independent research as doctorally-prepared nurses. Finally, it reviews the major types of research methods, including quantitative, qualitative, and outcomes research, providing examples of each.
This document discusses different types of variables that may be studied in quantitative and qualitative research, including independent, dependent, research, demographic, and extraneous variables. It provides examples of how these variables are used in descriptive, exploratory, correlational, comparative, experimental, quasi-experimental, phenomenological, ethnographic, grounded theory, case study, and historical research studies. The document emphasizes that variables must be clearly defined in research to allow for measurement and analysis.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in experimental research methods in psychology. It discusses how to construct a research hypothesis and identify independent and dependent variables. It also covers identifying extraneous and confounding variables, different experimental designs, sampling procedures, data collection techniques, statistical analysis including measures of central tendency and interpreting p-values. Finally, it discusses important ethical principles in conducting research such as protecting participant rights, informed consent, and the role of ethics committees in research oversight.
The document outlines different elements of research design including the approach, population and sampling, data collection methods, and data analysis. It discusses various types of research designs such as quantitative experimental designs like true experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental designs. It also discusses qualitative research designs and provides examples of different research methods.
The document discusses validity and reliability in research. It defines validity as the degree to which a study accurately reflects the concept being measured. There are several types of validity discussed, including content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. Reliability refers to the consistency of measurements. Rater reliability and instrument reliability are examined. Methods for establishing reliability include test-retest analysis, equivalence of test forms, and measures of internal consistency such as Cronbach's alpha. Generalizability and sampling methods are also summarized.
UNIT-1-RESEARCH AND RESEARCH PROCESS IN NURSING-PRATIMA VUYYURU.pdfPratima Vuyyuru
The document discusses various topics related to nursing research including:
- Methods of acquiring knowledge in nursing such as tradition, experience, and the scientific method.
- The scientific method is the most objective means of obtaining knowledge and involves orderly steps like defining a problem and testing theories.
- Nursing research aims to systematically generate answers to problems and expand the body of nursing knowledge through controlled investigation. It helps improve practice, education and resource use.
- There are challenges to nursing research like difficulties controlling external variables and measuring qualitative concepts quantitatively. Historical developments that advanced nursing research in India are also outlined.
The document discusses experimental design in quantitative research. It explains that experimental design involves manipulating an independent variable and comparing its effects on a dependent variable between groups, while controlling for extraneous variables. Key aspects of experimental design discussed include having an intervention, making comparisons between groups, using control groups, determining when to collect data, selecting research sites, and communicating with subjects.
Final 2014 JACKSONVILLE UNIVERSITY faculty and student symposium schedule f...pmilano
This document summarizes presentations from the 2014 JU Faculty & Student Symposium held on March 26. It describes 10 student presentations on various topics including:
1) Polymer gels and their potential applications in biomedical fields like treating diabetes.
2) The effects of morning physical activity on elementary students' classroom behavior.
3) Personal identity and the debate between reductionism and non-reductionism.
4) Methods to reduce student test anxiety in elementary classrooms.
5) Traffic flow modeling and analyzing the effects of different traffic rules.
6) The impacts of yoga on elementary students' focus.
7) Monitoring of toxic algae blooms in the St. Johns
A Research problem is a problem that a researcher wants to solve moreover, it is an issues or a concern that an investigator / researcher presents and justifies in a research study.
This document discusses developing a research question. It states that formulating the right research question is important as it guides all subsequent planning and analysis. The process begins by selecting a topic of interest and exploring it through literature review to identify a research problem and refine it into a research question. Well-developed research questions consider importance, feasibility, populations, a rationale supported by literature, and specific variables. The research question is then translated into testable hypotheses or objectives.
This document discusses developing a research question. It states that formulating the right research question is important as it guides the study. A good question is developed through selecting a topic of interest and exploring it in the literature to identify a problem and refine it into a question. Key aspects that shape the question are evaluating its importance and feasibility, specifying the population and variables, and developing a rationale supported by literature. The research question guides the objectives and hypotheses.
2014 JU Faculty and Student Symposium schedulepmilano
The 2014 JU Faculty & Student Symposium featured several presentations on a variety of topics:
1) Polymer gels and their potential applications in biomedical fields like treating diabetes and smart irrigation.
2) A study on the effects of morning physical activity on elementary students' on-task classroom behavior.
3) A philosophical discussion of personal identity and the debate between reductionism and non-reductionism.
4) Several other topics were covered, including reducing student test anxiety, traffic flow modeling, the effects of yoga on student focus, toxic algae in rivers, osteoporosis in patients with bronchiectasis, mosquito vectors of heartworm, the impact of mentoring on attitudes
This document provides an introduction to nursing research. It defines nursing research as a systematic, objective process that studies topics important to nursing practice, education, administration, and nurses. The document outlines the importance of nursing research in building the nursing knowledge base, improving patient care, and establishing nursing as a credible profession. It also discusses the relationships between nursing research, theory, and practice, with research, theory, and practice informing each other in a reciprocal cycle. Finally, it provides definitions of key research terms and outlines common methodologies used in developing nursing research.
This study examined how student perceptions of occupation-based practice (OBP) changed over time in an online occupational therapy doctorate (OTD) program. The researchers analyzed discussion posts and assignments from 6 students across multiple courses in the 2.5 year program. They found minimal changes in how students described OBP, though students were able to provide more specific examples of OBP leadership at the end. While students discussed components of OBP, they had limited ability to link barriers to OBP with leadership. The researchers concluded the program may need to encourage more application of OBP concepts to practice changes through additional reflective assignments. Program changes could also emphasize supporting OBP through core course content in addition to leadership courses.
The document discusses different types of variables that may be present in research studies. It defines independent and dependent variables as those that are interrelated, with the independent variable being manipulated by the researcher to affect the dependent variable. Research variables are qualities or characteristics that are observed without manipulation. Demographic variables describe characteristics of study subjects, while extraneous variables are uncontrolled factors that may influence dependent variables. The document provides examples of how these different types of variables may appear in descriptive, exploratory, correlational, comparative, experimental, and quasi-experimental study designs.
Overview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docxLacieKlineeb
Overview of Evidence-based
Practice and the Research Process
What is EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE?
A systematic review of critical appraisal and synthesis of the most relevant research.
Clinical Expertise
Patient Preferences and Values
Initiatives to Advance EBP
To Err is Human: Institute of Medicine (IOM): Building a Safer Health System
Initiatives driving the movement
IOM’s goal: By 2020, 90% health care will be evidence-based
US Preventive Services Task Force (sponsored by AHRQ): analyzing evidence and publishing guidelines (Guide to Preventive Clinical Services)
Magnet Recognition Program (ANA): mandate nursing research and use of EBP
Goal of EBP
OPTIMUM PATIENT OUTCOMES
Once you begin to look for
evidence-based projects,
you’ll start to see them everywhere!
SOURCES OF EVIDENCE
Research Findings
Agency quality monitoring data
Data from national databases
Expert opinions
Scientific principles
Research prOCESS
Conducting Research:
Steps of the Research Process
1. Identify issue or question
2. Formulate research question
3. Review the literature
If further research is needed:
4. Determine theoretical framework
5. Design the study
6. Select the sample
7. Collect data
8. Analyze data
9. Interpret results
If indicated, change practice!
Step ONE: Identify issue
Step Two: formulate Research Question
Conducting Research: Formulating the research question
Research Questions (quantitative):
Identify the target population
State an intervention or treatment (independent variable)
List the variables to be measured/outcomes (dependent variables)
Sample Research Question
Do pediatric patients who are given a
reward when they cooperate during
nursing procedures tend to be more
cooperative during those procedures
than unrewarded peers?
12
Sample Research Question
What are the relationships among spiritual well-being, sleep quality, and health status in HIV-infected men and women?
13
Conducting Research: Formulating the research question
Research Question:
What are the effects of weekly quizzes on the grades of nursing students?
What is the target audience?
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Conducting Research: Formulating the research question
Research Question:
Do nursing students who participate in study groups earn higher grades on final exams?
What is the target audience?
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Conducting Research: Formulating the research question
Research Question:
Is there a difference in patient satisfaction scores between patients who have had nursing students care for them and patients who have not had nursing students assigned to them?
What is the target audience?
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Avoid “Yes” or “No” Question Formats
.
The document discusses the current method used for training nuclear medicine technologists in Ontario and provides suggestions for improving it. The current method involves students rotating through clinical sites where they are supervised by technologists as they perform procedures. The document proposes adding elements of reflective practice, where students and technologists debrief after abnormal cases, and adapting established clinical education models to the nuclear medicine context. This is intended to enhance students' learning and development of problem-solving skills when faced with unusual situations.
Formulation of research problem [Autosaved].pptxBandanapihuYadav
The document discusses the process of formulating a research problem in nursing. It involves selecting a broad research area of interest, reviewing relevant literature and theories to narrow the topic, and evaluating the significance, feasibility and researchability of the problem. Key steps include clearly defining the variables, study population, design and setting in the final research problem statement, which can be in declarative or interrogative format. The goal is to create a concise and measurable problem statement that lays the groundwork for the rest of the research process.
This document provides an overview of quantitative research methods. It begins by defining quantitative research as objective and empirical, utilizing numerical data and analysis. It then describes key characteristics of quantitative research like clearly defined research questions, structured instruments, and large sample sizes. Strengths are listed as being objective, replicable, and allowing for statistical analysis, while weaknesses include high costs and potential inaccuracy. Different types of quantitative research are defined, including descriptive, correlational, experimental, and survey research. The document concludes by explaining key concepts in quantitative research like variables, and distinguishing between independent, dependent, intervening, and confounding variables.
This study examined the impact of a level II fieldwork placement at a PrEMO (Promoting Environments that Measure Outcomes) site on students' development of practice habits and professional identity. PrEMO sites use a systematic, data-driven, evidence-based model of care called DDDM (Data Driven Decision Making). Students who completed fieldwork at PrEMO sites participated in a focus group. Analysis found that the DDDM model helped structure students' thinking about the OT process and encouraged the development of immediate practice habits like organization, communication, and documentation skills. Students also felt it would support the development of future habits like advocacy, outcome measurement, and clinical reasoning. Students reported feeling like colleagues and
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
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• Building trust with communities online and offline
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• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
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This document discusses different types of variables that may be studied in quantitative and qualitative research, including independent, dependent, research, demographic, and extraneous variables. It provides examples of how these variables are used in descriptive, exploratory, correlational, comparative, experimental, quasi-experimental, phenomenological, ethnographic, grounded theory, case study, and historical research studies. The document emphasizes that variables must be clearly defined in research to allow for measurement and analysis.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in experimental research methods in psychology. It discusses how to construct a research hypothesis and identify independent and dependent variables. It also covers identifying extraneous and confounding variables, different experimental designs, sampling procedures, data collection techniques, statistical analysis including measures of central tendency and interpreting p-values. Finally, it discusses important ethical principles in conducting research such as protecting participant rights, informed consent, and the role of ethics committees in research oversight.
The document outlines different elements of research design including the approach, population and sampling, data collection methods, and data analysis. It discusses various types of research designs such as quantitative experimental designs like true experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental designs. It also discusses qualitative research designs and provides examples of different research methods.
The document discusses validity and reliability in research. It defines validity as the degree to which a study accurately reflects the concept being measured. There are several types of validity discussed, including content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. Reliability refers to the consistency of measurements. Rater reliability and instrument reliability are examined. Methods for establishing reliability include test-retest analysis, equivalence of test forms, and measures of internal consistency such as Cronbach's alpha. Generalizability and sampling methods are also summarized.
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The document discusses various topics related to nursing research including:
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- The scientific method is the most objective means of obtaining knowledge and involves orderly steps like defining a problem and testing theories.
- Nursing research aims to systematically generate answers to problems and expand the body of nursing knowledge through controlled investigation. It helps improve practice, education and resource use.
- There are challenges to nursing research like difficulties controlling external variables and measuring qualitative concepts quantitatively. Historical developments that advanced nursing research in India are also outlined.
The document discusses experimental design in quantitative research. It explains that experimental design involves manipulating an independent variable and comparing its effects on a dependent variable between groups, while controlling for extraneous variables. Key aspects of experimental design discussed include having an intervention, making comparisons between groups, using control groups, determining when to collect data, selecting research sites, and communicating with subjects.
Final 2014 JACKSONVILLE UNIVERSITY faculty and student symposium schedule f...pmilano
This document summarizes presentations from the 2014 JU Faculty & Student Symposium held on March 26. It describes 10 student presentations on various topics including:
1) Polymer gels and their potential applications in biomedical fields like treating diabetes.
2) The effects of morning physical activity on elementary students' classroom behavior.
3) Personal identity and the debate between reductionism and non-reductionism.
4) Methods to reduce student test anxiety in elementary classrooms.
5) Traffic flow modeling and analyzing the effects of different traffic rules.
6) The impacts of yoga on elementary students' focus.
7) Monitoring of toxic algae blooms in the St. Johns
A Research problem is a problem that a researcher wants to solve moreover, it is an issues or a concern that an investigator / researcher presents and justifies in a research study.
This document discusses developing a research question. It states that formulating the right research question is important as it guides all subsequent planning and analysis. The process begins by selecting a topic of interest and exploring it through literature review to identify a research problem and refine it into a research question. Well-developed research questions consider importance, feasibility, populations, a rationale supported by literature, and specific variables. The research question is then translated into testable hypotheses or objectives.
This document discusses developing a research question. It states that formulating the right research question is important as it guides the study. A good question is developed through selecting a topic of interest and exploring it in the literature to identify a problem and refine it into a question. Key aspects that shape the question are evaluating its importance and feasibility, specifying the population and variables, and developing a rationale supported by literature. The research question guides the objectives and hypotheses.
2014 JU Faculty and Student Symposium schedulepmilano
The 2014 JU Faculty & Student Symposium featured several presentations on a variety of topics:
1) Polymer gels and their potential applications in biomedical fields like treating diabetes and smart irrigation.
2) A study on the effects of morning physical activity on elementary students' on-task classroom behavior.
3) A philosophical discussion of personal identity and the debate between reductionism and non-reductionism.
4) Several other topics were covered, including reducing student test anxiety, traffic flow modeling, the effects of yoga on student focus, toxic algae in rivers, osteoporosis in patients with bronchiectasis, mosquito vectors of heartworm, the impact of mentoring on attitudes
This document provides an introduction to nursing research. It defines nursing research as a systematic, objective process that studies topics important to nursing practice, education, administration, and nurses. The document outlines the importance of nursing research in building the nursing knowledge base, improving patient care, and establishing nursing as a credible profession. It also discusses the relationships between nursing research, theory, and practice, with research, theory, and practice informing each other in a reciprocal cycle. Finally, it provides definitions of key research terms and outlines common methodologies used in developing nursing research.
This study examined how student perceptions of occupation-based practice (OBP) changed over time in an online occupational therapy doctorate (OTD) program. The researchers analyzed discussion posts and assignments from 6 students across multiple courses in the 2.5 year program. They found minimal changes in how students described OBP, though students were able to provide more specific examples of OBP leadership at the end. While students discussed components of OBP, they had limited ability to link barriers to OBP with leadership. The researchers concluded the program may need to encourage more application of OBP concepts to practice changes through additional reflective assignments. Program changes could also emphasize supporting OBP through core course content in addition to leadership courses.
The document discusses different types of variables that may be present in research studies. It defines independent and dependent variables as those that are interrelated, with the independent variable being manipulated by the researcher to affect the dependent variable. Research variables are qualities or characteristics that are observed without manipulation. Demographic variables describe characteristics of study subjects, while extraneous variables are uncontrolled factors that may influence dependent variables. The document provides examples of how these different types of variables may appear in descriptive, exploratory, correlational, comparative, experimental, and quasi-experimental study designs.
Overview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docxLacieKlineeb
Overview of Evidence-based
Practice and the Research Process
What is EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE?
A systematic review of critical appraisal and synthesis of the most relevant research.
Clinical Expertise
Patient Preferences and Values
Initiatives to Advance EBP
To Err is Human: Institute of Medicine (IOM): Building a Safer Health System
Initiatives driving the movement
IOM’s goal: By 2020, 90% health care will be evidence-based
US Preventive Services Task Force (sponsored by AHRQ): analyzing evidence and publishing guidelines (Guide to Preventive Clinical Services)
Magnet Recognition Program (ANA): mandate nursing research and use of EBP
Goal of EBP
OPTIMUM PATIENT OUTCOMES
Once you begin to look for
evidence-based projects,
you’ll start to see them everywhere!
SOURCES OF EVIDENCE
Research Findings
Agency quality monitoring data
Data from national databases
Expert opinions
Scientific principles
Research prOCESS
Conducting Research:
Steps of the Research Process
1. Identify issue or question
2. Formulate research question
3. Review the literature
If further research is needed:
4. Determine theoretical framework
5. Design the study
6. Select the sample
7. Collect data
8. Analyze data
9. Interpret results
If indicated, change practice!
Step ONE: Identify issue
Step Two: formulate Research Question
Conducting Research: Formulating the research question
Research Questions (quantitative):
Identify the target population
State an intervention or treatment (independent variable)
List the variables to be measured/outcomes (dependent variables)
Sample Research Question
Do pediatric patients who are given a
reward when they cooperate during
nursing procedures tend to be more
cooperative during those procedures
than unrewarded peers?
12
Sample Research Question
What are the relationships among spiritual well-being, sleep quality, and health status in HIV-infected men and women?
13
Conducting Research: Formulating the research question
Research Question:
What are the effects of weekly quizzes on the grades of nursing students?
What is the target audience?
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Conducting Research: Formulating the research question
Research Question:
Do nursing students who participate in study groups earn higher grades on final exams?
What is the target audience?
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Conducting Research: Formulating the research question
Research Question:
Is there a difference in patient satisfaction scores between patients who have had nursing students care for them and patients who have not had nursing students assigned to them?
What is the target audience?
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Avoid “Yes” or “No” Question Formats
.
The document discusses the current method used for training nuclear medicine technologists in Ontario and provides suggestions for improving it. The current method involves students rotating through clinical sites where they are supervised by technologists as they perform procedures. The document proposes adding elements of reflective practice, where students and technologists debrief after abnormal cases, and adapting established clinical education models to the nuclear medicine context. This is intended to enhance students' learning and development of problem-solving skills when faced with unusual situations.
Formulation of research problem [Autosaved].pptxBandanapihuYadav
The document discusses the process of formulating a research problem in nursing. It involves selecting a broad research area of interest, reviewing relevant literature and theories to narrow the topic, and evaluating the significance, feasibility and researchability of the problem. Key steps include clearly defining the variables, study population, design and setting in the final research problem statement, which can be in declarative or interrogative format. The goal is to create a concise and measurable problem statement that lays the groundwork for the rest of the research process.
This document provides an overview of quantitative research methods. It begins by defining quantitative research as objective and empirical, utilizing numerical data and analysis. It then describes key characteristics of quantitative research like clearly defined research questions, structured instruments, and large sample sizes. Strengths are listed as being objective, replicable, and allowing for statistical analysis, while weaknesses include high costs and potential inaccuracy. Different types of quantitative research are defined, including descriptive, correlational, experimental, and survey research. The document concludes by explaining key concepts in quantitative research like variables, and distinguishing between independent, dependent, intervening, and confounding variables.
This study examined the impact of a level II fieldwork placement at a PrEMO (Promoting Environments that Measure Outcomes) site on students' development of practice habits and professional identity. PrEMO sites use a systematic, data-driven, evidence-based model of care called DDDM (Data Driven Decision Making). Students who completed fieldwork at PrEMO sites participated in a focus group. Analysis found that the DDDM model helped structure students' thinking about the OT process and encouraged the development of immediate practice habits like organization, communication, and documentation skills. Students also felt it would support the development of future habits like advocacy, outcome measurement, and clinical reasoning. Students reported feeling like colleagues and
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Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
5. INTRODUCTION
Researcher wants
to answer or a
problem that a
researcher wants
to solve.
Selection depends on
researcher's
knowledge,
skills,
interest,
expertise,
motivation
creativity
Every researcher
faces the
predicament of
identifying,
selecting, and
formulating
PRATIMA VUYYURU, M. Sc(N) , MSW,MF in ELNEC, Ph.D Scholar
6. DEFINITION
“A problem is an interrogative sentence or
statement that asks what relation exists between two
or more variables. The answer to questions will
provide what is having sought in the research.”
Kerlinger
Problem statement and the research problem are
really quite different.
PRATIMA VUYYURU, M. Sc(N) , MSW,MF in ELNEC, Ph.D Scholar
7. What are the components of problem statement in
quantitative studies?
Relevance of study( )
Title of the study( )
Operational definitions of the variables( )
Objectives of the study( )
Delimitations of the study( )
Scope & limitations of the study( )
PRATIMA VUYYURU, M. Sc(N) , MSW,MF in ELNEC, Ph.D Scholar
9. CRITERIA FOR SELECTING A GOOD
RESEARCH RPOBLEM
F • FEASIBLE
I • INTERESTING
N • NOVEL
E • ETHICAL
R • RELEVANT
PRATIMA VUYYURU, M. Sc(N) , MSW,MF in ELNEC, Ph.D Scholar
10. : It fulfills the
following criteria:
New & Unique
In reference to
4)
5)
6)
Benefits-patients, nurses, health care
fraternity
Improves clinical nursing practices
Promotes nursing theory or testing
Practical implications for nursing profession
Time Cost
Equipments
& Supplies
Administrative
support
Peer
support
Availability
of subjects
Researcher’s
competence
Ethical
considerations
PRATIMA VUYYURU, M. Sc(N) , MSW,MF in ELNEC, Ph.D Scholar
11. Selection of a research topic
Reviewing the literature and theories
Delimiting the research topic
Evaluating the research problem
Formulating the final statement of
the research problem
PRATIMA VUYYURU, M. Sc(N) , MSW,MF in ELNEC, Ph.D Scholar
12. Example of formulating research problem
Topic: Breast feeding
Review the literature related to breast feeding
Delimits the topic of breast feeding: Breast massage technique to
increase quantity of BF
Evaluate the Breast Massage technique for ‘FINER’
Finally, a study to assess effectiveness of Oketani Breast Massage
technique to improve breast milk production among post natal
mothers in selected gyneac wards, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh.
PRATIMA VUYYURU, M. Sc(N) , MSW,MF in ELNEC, Ph.D Scholar
13. A well formulated research problem
components are
PRATIMA VUYYURU, M. Sc(N) , MSW,MF in ELNEC, Ph.D Scholar
14. PICOT Format For Summarizing
Research Question
P • POPULATION
I • INTERVENTION
C • COMPARISON
O • OUTCOME
T • TIME
PRATIMA VUYYURU, M. Sc(N) , MSW,MF in ELNEC, Ph.D Scholar
15. Difference between research problem,
research question, problem statement &
research topic
Research problem Research question Problem statement Research topic/title
Pain among cancer
patients
Does music therapy
has an influence on
pain among cancer
patients?
An experimental
study to determine
the effectiveness of
music therapy on
pain among cancer
patients admitted in
a tertiary care
hospital
Effectiveness of
music therapy on
pain among cancer
patients
PRATIMA VUYYURU, M. Sc(N) , MSW,MF in ELNEC, Ph.D Scholar
17. Types of research variables
Types
Independent
Variables
Dependent
variables
Research
variables
Demographic
variables
Extraneous
variables
PRATIMA VUYYURU, M. Sc(N) , MSW,MF in ELNEC, Ph.D Scholar
18. Independent Variable Dependent Variable
It is a stimulus or activity that is manipulated or
varied by the researcher to create the effect on
the dependent variable
It is the outcome or response due to the effect
of the independent variable, which researcher
wants to predict or explain.
Example: A study to evaluate the effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Stress among
Nursing Students in a Selected Nursing College.
Independent variable: Progressive Muscle relaxation
Dependent Variable: Stress
Research Variable Demographic variables
Variables are observed or measured in natural
setting as they exist, without manipulating or
imposing the effect of intervention or treatment.
Characteristics and attributes of the study
subjects are considered as
Example: An exploratory study to assess the belief bias regarding climate change among high
school students
Research variable: Belief bias regarding climate change
Demographic variables: Age, gender, education, income etc
Univariate Bivariate Multivariate
Single variable is studied Two variables are studied More than two variables are studied
together.
Extraneous variable: Factors that are not the part of the study but may affect the measurement of
the study variables.
19. A correlation study on eating gutka and oral cancer
among slum dwellers of city, Nellore.
IV DV
PRATIMA VUYYURU, M. Sc(N) , MSW,MF in ELNEC, Ph.D Scholar
34. Is a clear, concise,
declarative statement
which provides direction
to investigate the
variables
The results sought by the
researcher at the end of
the research process
What is to be achieved
by the study. It is closely
related to the statement
of the problem.
PRATIMA VUYYURU, M. Sc(N) , MSW,MF in ELNEC, Ph.D Scholar
36. Need of research objectives
Focus
• Narrowing down the study to its essentials
Avoid
• Avoid the collection of data which are not strictly necessary
Organize
• Organize the study in clearly defined parts or phases
Directions
• Will facilitate the development of research methodology
PRATIMA VUYYURU, M. Sc(N) , MSW,MF in ELNEC, Ph.D Scholar
37. Types of Research Objectives
General Objectives Specific objectives
Broad goals to be achieved and what the researcher
expects to achieve by the study in general terms
Short term and narrow in focus. General objectives
can be broken into small logically to form specific
objectives.
Are usually in less number Should specify what the researcher will do in the
study, where and for what purpose.
Example
Research Statement: A study to assess effectiveness of Saline Mouth Wash Vs Sodium Bicarbonate
Mouth Wash on Oral Mucositis among patients admitted in hospitals, Nellore
To assess the effectiveness of Saline Mouth Wash
Vs Baking soda Mouth Wash among patients.
•To assess the level of oral mucositis among patients
undergoing radiation therapy
•To evaluate the effectiveness of Normal saline
mouth wash in experiment 1 and sodium
bicarbonate mouth wash in experiment 2.
•To compare the effectiveness between Saline
Mouth Wash Vs Sodium Bicarbonate Mouth
Wash
•To associate the level of oral mucositis among
patients with selected demographic variables.
38. Guidelines of stating objectives
Briefly Concisely
Logical
sequence
clearly
Operational
terms
Realistic
Action
verbs
PRATIMA VUYYURU, M. Sc(N) , MSW,MF in ELNEC, Ph.D Scholar
39. List of action verbs used to formulate
research objectives
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40. Review
Column I Column II
1. Dependent variable a. Variables, population, study setting
2. Variables effect on the measurement of
study but not part of study
b. Variables
3.Component of research problem c. Concise statement to investigate variables
4. Characteristics of values or categories d. Problem stated in declarative statement
5. Research objectives are e. Stated in question form
6. Declarative format f. Researcher’s own experience
7. Interrogative format g. Changes due to action of another variable
8. Source of research problems h. Extraneous variable
Match the following
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