Population and Development concepts

1. Population and
Development
CONCEPTS IN POPULATION

2. Demography and
Demographers
Is the scientific study of a
population.
 Demographers are persons who seek to
know the patterns and trends in
population. In other words the
characteristics of the population such as
size, distribution, age , sex, ethnic
composition etc.

3. Census
 A census is an official survey
of the population of a country
that is carried out in order to
find out how many people live
there and to obtain details of
such things as people's ages,
sex and jobs.

4. Crude BirthRate/
Formula
 CBR – Is the number of live births
per 1,000 of the population in a
given year.
 Number of live births/Total Population x 1,000

5. FertilityRates
 Number of live births per 1,000, of women aged
15-49 years in a given year.
 Fecundity –is a persons maximum possible
childbearing capacity.
 Age-specific fertility rate- measures the annual
number of births to women of a specified age or
age group per 1,000 women in that age group.
 FR – Number of births/Number of women aged
15-49 years x 1,000
 ASFR- Number of births/Number of women aged
20-24 years x 1,000

6. CrudeDeathRate
 CDR- is the number of deaths per 1,000 of
the population a given year.
 Formula:
Number of deaths/Total Population x 1,000

7. NaturalIncrease
 NI – refers to the surplus of births over
deaths in a given country for a particular
year.
 Formula: Number of births – Number of
deaths.
Note : answer can be positive or negative
Negative indicates deficit of births over
deaths.

8. InfantMortality
Rate
 IMR- number of deaths of infants under
one year of age per 1,000 live births in a
given year.
 Formula:
Number of deaths of infants under age
1/Total live births x1,000
* A good indicator of country’s health
status.

9. LifeExpectancy
 LE- is an estimate of the average number
of years that persons in a given
population is expected to live.
 Life expectancy is a good indicator of
current health conditions in a country. Life
expectancies are known to differ
according to factors such as socio-
economic status, gender and ethnicity.
 For example, people of upper and middle
class outlive those of the lower class.
WHY?
 They can afford the best health care , health insurance etc.

10. Migration
(Immigrants Vs
Emigrants)
 Migration is the movement of population from one
place to another for the purpose of settling.
 TYPES: 1. Internal 2. External or International
Internal is movement within a country
External is movement between countries
 International Migration looks at
Immigration- number of people coming into a
country in a given year.
Emigration – number of people leaving a country
in a given year.

11. Migration
 Other Types are:
 Regional
 Domestic
 Urbanization
 Urbanization – is a type of domestic migration
where people move from rural to urban areas.
 Rural- being country
 Urban- being city
* This was the case in many Caribbean territories as
a result of development strategy Industrialization by
Invitation in the 1950s. Page 245 (Mustapha).

12. NetMigration
 NM- The difference between immigration
and emigration.
 Formula- Immigration – Emigration
Answer can be + or -.
Positive indicates Increase in population.
Negative indicates a Decrease in
population.

13. Population
Growth
Population Growth- is an aspect of
population change arising out of the
interrelation between births, deaths and
migration.
 PGR
(births-deaths, given year)+(immigration-
emigration, given year)/ Total Population
Also,
PGR = Rate of natural increase + net
migration rate.

14. Dependency
Ratio
 DRO- compares the number of dependents to
economically productive people.
 Dependents – those 65 years and older (elderly)
and those under 15/16 years old (young).
 Independents- those between 15/16 and 65
* This is an important indicator of a country’s
development.
 Formula:
DRO: Number of dependents : Number of working
population
Or
(population under 15) + (population age 65 and
older) / Population 15-64 x 100

15. So.....what is
population?
Population refers to the total
number of people living in a
specific area at a particular
time.

16. The END…
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