The document provides an overview of embryology topics covered in weeks 1-4 of development. It includes questions and answers about key embryological structures and processes that occur each week such as fertilization, implantation, formation of the bilaminar disk, gastrulation, neurulation, and somite formation.
The document summarizes the key stages of human embryology and fetal development from fertilization through the three trimesters of pregnancy. It describes the processes of cleavage, differentiation, implantation and formation of the germ layers and embryonic discs. It then outlines the major developmental milestones and events that occur in each trimester, including the development of organ systems in the first trimester, increased growth and movement in the second, and the physical demands on the mother in the third trimester prior to birth.
Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles
This course deals with the study of the patterns of human development especially focusing on the cognitive, biological, social, moral and emotional development of the child and adolescent learners.
USMLE GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY 010 Second week of development embryo .pdfAHMED ASHOUR
During the second week of embryonic development, important events occur as the blastocyst undergoes further differentiation and begins the process of implantation into the uterine lining.
The second week is characterized by the differentiation of cell types within the blastocyst and the initiation of implantation into the uterine lining. These processes set the stage for the subsequent stages of embryonic development, including gastrulation and the formation of the three germ layers. The establishment of early extraembryonic structures is crucial for supporting the developing embryo during its early stages of growth.
Embryology deals with human development from fertilization through the first 8 weeks, known as the embryonic period. Key processes include fertilization, cleavage, differentiation of the germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm), implantation, formation of the embryonic disc and germ layers, and development of the major organ systems. During the first trimester, the embryo develops most of its major structures. In the second trimester, growth and development of organs continues. The third trimester places increased demands on the mother as the fetus grows and develops further in preparation for birth.
This document contains a licensing exam for obstetrics with 40 multiple choice questions covering topics in pediatrics and normal obstetrics. Some key areas assessed include infant development milestones, causes of delayed speech in children, stages of labor, management of the third stage of labor, ultrasound indications in the first trimester, and purposes of Leopold maneuvers during pregnancy. The exam contains questions to test knowledge across the lifespan from infant to child development and maternal health during pregnancy and delivery.
Embryology practice questions with answersNahry Omer
The document contains 27 questions and answers about human embryonic and fetal development. Key points covered include:
- The acrosome of sperm contains enzymes to digest the zona pellucida surrounding the ovum.
- The ovulated mammalian oocyte is arrested at metaphase of meiosis II.
- By 7 days, the blastocyst is attached to the endometrial epithelium of the uterus.
- The haploid nuclei that fuse at fertilization are called pronuclei.
- During the first week, the blastocyst forms structures including the inner cell mass, trophoblast, hypoblast, and blastocoele.
- Implantation of the blastoc
USMLE GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY 001 Embryology Terminology Embryology Terminology...AHMED ASHOUR
Embryology is the branch of biology that studies the development of embryos, encompassing the processes from fertilization to the formation of a complete organism. These terms represent fundamental concepts in embryology and are crucial for understanding the developmental processes that occur during the early stages of an organism's life.
This document contains 20 multiple choice questions about human reproduction. The questions cover topics like the path of sperm through the female reproductive system, where fertilization occurs, hormones involved in the menstrual cycle and secondary sex characteristics, and similarities/differences between mammalian and reptilian reproduction. Answer keys are provided for self-checking understanding of these concepts.
The document summarizes the key stages of human embryology and fetal development from fertilization through the three trimesters of pregnancy. It describes the processes of cleavage, differentiation, implantation and formation of the germ layers and embryonic discs. It then outlines the major developmental milestones and events that occur in each trimester, including the development of organ systems in the first trimester, increased growth and movement in the second, and the physical demands on the mother in the third trimester prior to birth.
Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles
This course deals with the study of the patterns of human development especially focusing on the cognitive, biological, social, moral and emotional development of the child and adolescent learners.
USMLE GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY 010 Second week of development embryo .pdfAHMED ASHOUR
During the second week of embryonic development, important events occur as the blastocyst undergoes further differentiation and begins the process of implantation into the uterine lining.
The second week is characterized by the differentiation of cell types within the blastocyst and the initiation of implantation into the uterine lining. These processes set the stage for the subsequent stages of embryonic development, including gastrulation and the formation of the three germ layers. The establishment of early extraembryonic structures is crucial for supporting the developing embryo during its early stages of growth.
Embryology deals with human development from fertilization through the first 8 weeks, known as the embryonic period. Key processes include fertilization, cleavage, differentiation of the germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm), implantation, formation of the embryonic disc and germ layers, and development of the major organ systems. During the first trimester, the embryo develops most of its major structures. In the second trimester, growth and development of organs continues. The third trimester places increased demands on the mother as the fetus grows and develops further in preparation for birth.
This document contains a licensing exam for obstetrics with 40 multiple choice questions covering topics in pediatrics and normal obstetrics. Some key areas assessed include infant development milestones, causes of delayed speech in children, stages of labor, management of the third stage of labor, ultrasound indications in the first trimester, and purposes of Leopold maneuvers during pregnancy. The exam contains questions to test knowledge across the lifespan from infant to child development and maternal health during pregnancy and delivery.
Embryology practice questions with answersNahry Omer
The document contains 27 questions and answers about human embryonic and fetal development. Key points covered include:
- The acrosome of sperm contains enzymes to digest the zona pellucida surrounding the ovum.
- The ovulated mammalian oocyte is arrested at metaphase of meiosis II.
- By 7 days, the blastocyst is attached to the endometrial epithelium of the uterus.
- The haploid nuclei that fuse at fertilization are called pronuclei.
- During the first week, the blastocyst forms structures including the inner cell mass, trophoblast, hypoblast, and blastocoele.
- Implantation of the blastoc
USMLE GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY 001 Embryology Terminology Embryology Terminology...AHMED ASHOUR
Embryology is the branch of biology that studies the development of embryos, encompassing the processes from fertilization to the formation of a complete organism. These terms represent fundamental concepts in embryology and are crucial for understanding the developmental processes that occur during the early stages of an organism's life.
This document contains 20 multiple choice questions about human reproduction. The questions cover topics like the path of sperm through the female reproductive system, where fertilization occurs, hormones involved in the menstrual cycle and secondary sex characteristics, and similarities/differences between mammalian and reptilian reproduction. Answer keys are provided for self-checking understanding of these concepts.
Midwifery and obstetrical nursing quizNursing Path
The document contains a 40 question quiz on midwifery and obstetrical nursing. The questions cover topics like amniocentesis, in vitro fertilization, oral contraceptives, sexually transmitted diseases, fetal development, the menstrual cycle, sperm structure and function, placental development, and the hormones involved in reproduction. The answer key is provided at the end.
Midwifery and obstetrical nursing quizNursing Path
The document contains a 40 question quiz about midwifery and obstetrical nursing. The questions cover topics like amniocentesis, in vitro fertilization, contraception methods, sexually transmitted diseases, fetal development, the menstrual cycle, and hormones involved in reproduction. The key is provided with the correct answer for each multiple choice question.
This document provides an overview of embryology content related to the digestive system, urinary system, and reproductive/sexual differentiation systems. It includes 25 multiple choice questions with explanations about structures and processes during embryonic development. Key topics covered include the development of organs like the pancreas, spleen, stomach and its rotations, as well as conditions like gastroschisis, omphalocele, Hirschsprung's disease and more. The document aims to provide clinically relevant embryology content to medical students.
This document contains a science test with 15 multiple choice questions about human anatomy and puberty. The questions cover topics like the changes that occur during puberty for boys and girls, the structure and function of male and female reproductive organs, the menstrual cycle, fertilization, and good hygiene practices.
The document contains 20 multiple choice questions about cells and cell biology. It tests knowledge of key figures in the development of cell theory like Robert Hooke, concepts like prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells, cell structures such as the nucleus and cell membrane, different types of microscopes used to study cells, and intracellular components like chromatin and the nucleolus.
This document provides an overview of basic human embryology. It discusses that embryology deals with prenatal development from the period of fertilization to 8 weeks when the embryo becomes a fetus. During this time critical processes like cleavage, differentiation of the germ layers, implantation, formation of the placenta and organs occur. It then outlines the key developmental events and changes that occur in each of the three trimesters.
Krok 1 - 2009 Question Paper (Stomatology)Eneutron
1. A man was examined who had a protozoan disease affecting the brain and causing vision loss. Blood analysis revealed Toxoplasma gondii, which can cause this disease.
2. A couple consulted about their child who had abnormalities like microcephaly and idiocy. The mother had an illness during pregnancy but did not take any teratogens or mutagens. Examination revealed the family had a cat, and toxoplasmosis caused by the protozoan T. gondii was determined to be the cause of the child's abnormalities.
3. A patient had features like mental retardation, small height, brachydactyly, and a "Mongoloid slant
- The document discusses various topics related to embryology and fetal development including: fetal circulation patterns, fetal lung development, placental hormone production, fetal blood values at birth, and closure of fetal circulatory shunts at birth.
- Key embryonic structures and their origins are outlined such as the pancreas (endoderm) and epidermis (ectoderm). Hormonal changes in pregnancy, lactation, and fetal development are also reviewed.
- Lists cover topics like embryonic periods of organogenesis, fetal ultrasound milestones, hormonal markers in urine during pregnancy, blood cell counts at birth, and vitamin properties. Causes of various birth defects and clinical conditions are also mentioned.
1. The document discusses different types of abortion including threatened, inevitable, incomplete, complete, missed, and septic abortion.
2. Management strategies are provided for each type and include bed rest, medication to induce contractions, surgical evacuation, and treating any infection or hemorrhage.
3. Causes of miscarriage are also examined including fetal, maternal, immunological factors as well as various maternal illnesses, trauma, toxins, and cervical or uterine abnormalities.
This document contains 20 multiple choice questions about monitoring the fetus during the first stage of labor. It covers topics like normal fetal heart rate, types of fetal heart rate decelerations, monitoring frequency, meconium staining, and management based on fetal heart rate patterns.
1. The document is a biology exam covering topics of human reproduction. It contains 25 multiple choice questions in Section 1 and diagrams to label with structures and processes of the male and female reproductive systems in Section 2.
2. Section 1 questions cover topics like the female reproductive cycle, hormones involved in reproduction, fertilization, contraception methods, and paired structures of the male and female systems.
3. Section 2 contains diagrams of the male and female reproductive systems to label internal and external structures, and a diagram of spermatogenesis to label the structures formed and their developmental processes.
This document contains multiple choice questions and answers related to nursing entrance preparation. It covers topics like complications of IUDs, contraindications for various contraceptive methods, stages of labor, newborn assessment, breastfeeding, and complications of pregnancy. Each question is followed by 4 answer choices with the correct answer indicated at the end in bold. There are over 50 questions in total addressing reproductive health, obstetrics, gynecology, and neonatology topics.
1. The document contains a clinical officers final exam for gynaecology and obstetrics with 59 multiple choice questions testing knowledge on topics like management of pregnancy complications, labor and delivery, family planning, and postpartum care.
2. The questions cover reducing maternal mortality as a Millennium Development Goal, criteria for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis, effects of alcohol in pregnancy, diabetes control in pregnancy, and signs of inevitable abortion.
3. Management topics include uterine fibroids in labor, diagnosis of ruptured membranes, risk factors for obstructed labor, breast milk composition, and indications for induction and augmentation of labor.
The document discusses prenatal human development from conception through the germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods. It describes the key developments that occur such as cell differentiation and organ formation. It also discusses potential teratogens or hazards to prenatal development including various drugs, environmental factors, infections, nutritional deficiencies, stress, and advanced parental age. The goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the stages and factors that influence development before birth.
This document contains questions about early human development from conception through the embryonic and fetal periods. It asks about the structures and layers present in early embryos, the process of gastrulation, molecules involved in development, formation of germ layers and tissues like the mesoderm and somites, stages of neurulation, development of organs and tissues, functions of amniotic fluid and the placenta, risks related to blood type incompatibility between mother and fetus, calculating gestational age based on a woman's last menstrual period, and identifying derivatives of embryonic structures and developmental stages.
The document contains a biology exam with 28 multiple choice questions covering various topics in biology including genetics, anatomy, physiology and disease. Question 1 asks about the risk of a boy inheriting haemophilia from his father. Question 2 asks about the type of inheritance of a disease passed from father to daughters. Question 3 asks about what part of the heart's conducting system is blocked based on an electrocardiogram finding.
The document contains 20 multiple choice questions about the immune system and immunity. It tests knowledge of topics like opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS, the role of T cells and B cells, the functions of the lymphatic system, innate and adaptive immunity, cells and tissues involved in immune responses like macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and more. The key provides the correct answer for each question.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Midwifery and obstetrical nursing quizNursing Path
The document contains a 40 question quiz on midwifery and obstetrical nursing. The questions cover topics like amniocentesis, in vitro fertilization, oral contraceptives, sexually transmitted diseases, fetal development, the menstrual cycle, sperm structure and function, placental development, and the hormones involved in reproduction. The answer key is provided at the end.
Midwifery and obstetrical nursing quizNursing Path
The document contains a 40 question quiz about midwifery and obstetrical nursing. The questions cover topics like amniocentesis, in vitro fertilization, contraception methods, sexually transmitted diseases, fetal development, the menstrual cycle, and hormones involved in reproduction. The key is provided with the correct answer for each multiple choice question.
This document provides an overview of embryology content related to the digestive system, urinary system, and reproductive/sexual differentiation systems. It includes 25 multiple choice questions with explanations about structures and processes during embryonic development. Key topics covered include the development of organs like the pancreas, spleen, stomach and its rotations, as well as conditions like gastroschisis, omphalocele, Hirschsprung's disease and more. The document aims to provide clinically relevant embryology content to medical students.
This document contains a science test with 15 multiple choice questions about human anatomy and puberty. The questions cover topics like the changes that occur during puberty for boys and girls, the structure and function of male and female reproductive organs, the menstrual cycle, fertilization, and good hygiene practices.
The document contains 20 multiple choice questions about cells and cell biology. It tests knowledge of key figures in the development of cell theory like Robert Hooke, concepts like prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells, cell structures such as the nucleus and cell membrane, different types of microscopes used to study cells, and intracellular components like chromatin and the nucleolus.
This document provides an overview of basic human embryology. It discusses that embryology deals with prenatal development from the period of fertilization to 8 weeks when the embryo becomes a fetus. During this time critical processes like cleavage, differentiation of the germ layers, implantation, formation of the placenta and organs occur. It then outlines the key developmental events and changes that occur in each of the three trimesters.
Krok 1 - 2009 Question Paper (Stomatology)Eneutron
1. A man was examined who had a protozoan disease affecting the brain and causing vision loss. Blood analysis revealed Toxoplasma gondii, which can cause this disease.
2. A couple consulted about their child who had abnormalities like microcephaly and idiocy. The mother had an illness during pregnancy but did not take any teratogens or mutagens. Examination revealed the family had a cat, and toxoplasmosis caused by the protozoan T. gondii was determined to be the cause of the child's abnormalities.
3. A patient had features like mental retardation, small height, brachydactyly, and a "Mongoloid slant
- The document discusses various topics related to embryology and fetal development including: fetal circulation patterns, fetal lung development, placental hormone production, fetal blood values at birth, and closure of fetal circulatory shunts at birth.
- Key embryonic structures and their origins are outlined such as the pancreas (endoderm) and epidermis (ectoderm). Hormonal changes in pregnancy, lactation, and fetal development are also reviewed.
- Lists cover topics like embryonic periods of organogenesis, fetal ultrasound milestones, hormonal markers in urine during pregnancy, blood cell counts at birth, and vitamin properties. Causes of various birth defects and clinical conditions are also mentioned.
1. The document discusses different types of abortion including threatened, inevitable, incomplete, complete, missed, and septic abortion.
2. Management strategies are provided for each type and include bed rest, medication to induce contractions, surgical evacuation, and treating any infection or hemorrhage.
3. Causes of miscarriage are also examined including fetal, maternal, immunological factors as well as various maternal illnesses, trauma, toxins, and cervical or uterine abnormalities.
This document contains 20 multiple choice questions about monitoring the fetus during the first stage of labor. It covers topics like normal fetal heart rate, types of fetal heart rate decelerations, monitoring frequency, meconium staining, and management based on fetal heart rate patterns.
1. The document is a biology exam covering topics of human reproduction. It contains 25 multiple choice questions in Section 1 and diagrams to label with structures and processes of the male and female reproductive systems in Section 2.
2. Section 1 questions cover topics like the female reproductive cycle, hormones involved in reproduction, fertilization, contraception methods, and paired structures of the male and female systems.
3. Section 2 contains diagrams of the male and female reproductive systems to label internal and external structures, and a diagram of spermatogenesis to label the structures formed and their developmental processes.
This document contains multiple choice questions and answers related to nursing entrance preparation. It covers topics like complications of IUDs, contraindications for various contraceptive methods, stages of labor, newborn assessment, breastfeeding, and complications of pregnancy. Each question is followed by 4 answer choices with the correct answer indicated at the end in bold. There are over 50 questions in total addressing reproductive health, obstetrics, gynecology, and neonatology topics.
1. The document contains a clinical officers final exam for gynaecology and obstetrics with 59 multiple choice questions testing knowledge on topics like management of pregnancy complications, labor and delivery, family planning, and postpartum care.
2. The questions cover reducing maternal mortality as a Millennium Development Goal, criteria for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis, effects of alcohol in pregnancy, diabetes control in pregnancy, and signs of inevitable abortion.
3. Management topics include uterine fibroids in labor, diagnosis of ruptured membranes, risk factors for obstructed labor, breast milk composition, and indications for induction and augmentation of labor.
The document discusses prenatal human development from conception through the germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods. It describes the key developments that occur such as cell differentiation and organ formation. It also discusses potential teratogens or hazards to prenatal development including various drugs, environmental factors, infections, nutritional deficiencies, stress, and advanced parental age. The goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the stages and factors that influence development before birth.
This document contains questions about early human development from conception through the embryonic and fetal periods. It asks about the structures and layers present in early embryos, the process of gastrulation, molecules involved in development, formation of germ layers and tissues like the mesoderm and somites, stages of neurulation, development of organs and tissues, functions of amniotic fluid and the placenta, risks related to blood type incompatibility between mother and fetus, calculating gestational age based on a woman's last menstrual period, and identifying derivatives of embryonic structures and developmental stages.
The document contains a biology exam with 28 multiple choice questions covering various topics in biology including genetics, anatomy, physiology and disease. Question 1 asks about the risk of a boy inheriting haemophilia from his father. Question 2 asks about the type of inheritance of a disease passed from father to daughters. Question 3 asks about what part of the heart's conducting system is blocked based on an electrocardiogram finding.
The document contains 20 multiple choice questions about the immune system and immunity. It tests knowledge of topics like opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS, the role of T cells and B cells, the functions of the lymphatic system, innate and adaptive immunity, cells and tissues involved in immune responses like macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and more. The key provides the correct answer for each question.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
2. Unit 1 Embryology
Clinically Oriented Anatomy (COA)
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
Created by Boone Coleman, Fall 2019
Boone.Coleman@ttuhsc.edu
3. Solutions
1. D
2. A
3. E
4. E
5. C
6. D
7. B
8. A
9. D
10. E
11. A
12. A
13. C
14. C
15. A
16. D
17. A
18. C
19. E
20. G
21. C
22. D
23. D
24. B
25. B
26. D
27. B
28. D
29. C
30. D
31. D
32. A
33. C
34. C
4. Overview of weeks 1-4
• Week 1: Fertilization and Implantation
• Week 2: The Week of Twos
• Week 3: Gastrulation and Notochord Formation
• Weeks 3-4: Neurulation and Germ Layer Derivatives, Somite
formation, Cardiac looping
6. 1. Where does fertilization of the egg occur?
A. Ovary
B. Internal Os of the Uterus
C. Fimbriae
D. Ampulla
E. Isthmus
7. Question #1
A. Ovary: releases the egg
B. Internal Os of the Uterus: opening from vagina into the uterus
C. Fimbriae: grab released egg from ovary
D. Ampulla: Fertilization occurs in the ampulla of the oviduct
E. Isthmus: caudal end of the oviduct, is jointed to the uterus.
8. 2. What implants into the nutrient-rich
endometrium (i.e. decidua) about 8-9 days
after ovulation?
A. Blastocyst
B. Morula
C. Epiblast
D. Hypoblast
E. Bilaminar disk
9. Question #2
A. Blastocyst: The term decidua refers to nutrient-rich endometrium
and is where the blastocyst implants usually about 9 days after
ovulation with the inner cell mass facing the uterine wall.
B. Morula: 16 cell embryo. Morula enters uterus and becomes the
blastocyst
C. Epiblast
D. Hypoblast
E. Bilaminar disk: embryo differentiates into the hypoblast and
epiblast forming the bilaminar disk
10. 3. What structure has to degenerate so that
implantation can occur?
A. Syncytiotrophoblast
B. Functional layer of the endometrium
C. Basal layer of the endometrium
D. Cytotrophoblast
E. Zona Pellucida
12. 4. How soon after fertilization does
implantation take place?
A. By 12 hours
B. By 30 hours
C. Day 3
D. Day 4
E. Day 6
13. Question #4
A. By 12 hours
B. By 30 hours
C. Day 3
D. Day 4
E. Day 6
14. 5. A 23-year-old woman presents at the emergency department
with moderately severe abdominal pain on her right side. She is
showing some signs of internal bleeding. She is sexually active but
does not use any form of contraception and missed her last
menstrual period. Based on this information, which of the following
disorders should be included as an option in the diagnosis?
A. Ovarian cancer
B. Appendicitis
C. Ectopic pregnancy
D. Normal pregnancy
E. HIV
15. Question #5
A. Ovarian cancer
B. Appendicitis
C. Ectopic pregnancy: Ectopic tubal pregnancy must always be an option in
the diagnosis when a woman in her reproductive years presents with
such symptoms. About ten percent of ectopic implantations occur in the
uterine tube. Ectopic tubal pregnancies result in rupture of the uterine
tube and internal hemorrhage, which presents a major threat to the
woman’s life. The uterine tube and embryo must be surgically removed.
The symptoms may sometimes be confused with appendicitis.
D. Normal pregnancy
E. HIV
17. 6. The second week of development is
referred to as the week of two’s because…?
A. The embryoblast divides into two layers
B. Two cavities form, the amniotic cavity and yolk sac
C. The trophoblast organizes into two layers, the cytotrophoblast and
syncytiotrophoblast
D. All of the above
E. A & C
18. Question #6
A. The embryoblast divides into two layers
B. Two cavities form, the amniotic cavity and yolk sac
C. The trophoblast organizes into two layers, the cytotrophoblast and
syncytiotrophoblast
D. All of the above: All of these occur in the week of two’s, hence the
name
E. A & C
19. 7. Which two embryological structures
together form the bilaminar disk?
A. Cytotrophoblast and Hypoblast
B. Hypoblast and Epiblast
C. Epiblast and Cytotrophoblast
D. Syncytiotrophoblast and Inner cell mass
E. Epiblast and Embryoblast
20. Question #7
A. Cytotrophoblast and Hypoblast
B. Hypoblast and Epiblast: The inner cell mass or embryoblast
differentiates into: 1) the hypoblast and the epiblast (together these
form a bilaminar disk).
C. Epiblast and Cytotrophoblast
D. Syncytiotrophoblast and Inner cell mass
E. Epiblast and Embryoblast
21. 8. Chemotherapy treatment often targets mitotically active cells.
Although this treatment is beneficial for cancer, it can negatively
effect implantation and embryonic growth. Which of the following
layers would be most affected by a slowed cell division rate?
A. Cytotrophoblast
B. Epiblast
C. Amnioblast
D. Syncytiotrophoblast
E. Hypoblast
22. Question #8
A. Cytotrophoblast: The trophoblast forms the fetal part of the placenta and is involved with
implantation. The cytotrophoblast is the mitotically active inner part of the trophoblast, and
provides the cells that migrate into the syncytiotrophoblast to allow it to expand. Thus,
chemotherapy may directly affect mitotic activity in the cytotrophoblast possibly hindering
implantation.
B. Epiblast: The epiblast is not involved in implantation, it is the dorsal cell layer of the bilaminar
germ disc which contributes to the formation of the embryo proper
C. Amnioblast: Amnioblasts are not involved in implantation. Amnioblasts are Epiblast cells that
line the amniotic cavity adjacent to the cytotrophoblast and are mitotically active in the
growth of the amniotic membrane.
D. Syncytiotrophoblast: The syncytiotrophoblast is a mitotically inactive outer, multinucleated
part of the trophoblast that erodes the maternal endometrium and contributes to primitive
uteroplacental circulation.
E. Hypoblast: The hypoblast is the ventral cell layer of the bilaminar germ disc which contributes
to the formation of the embryo proper
23. 9. Which of the following develops from the multi-
nucleated syncytium, the syncytiotrophoblast and
serves as the beginnings of gas exchange between
mother and embryo?
A. Bilaminar disk
B. Cytotrophoblast
C. Amniotic cavity
D. Lacunae
24. Question #9
A. Bilaminar disk: made of the epiblast and hypoblast
B. Cytotrophoblast: inner layer of mononucleated proliferative cells of
the trophoblast and is not involved in gas exchange
C. Amniotic cavity: a small cavity appears within the epiblast, which
enlarges to become the amniotic cavity. Contains the amniotic fluid.
D. Lacunae: part of the syncytiotrophoblast and are spaces that fill
with maternal blood. Site of exchange of nutrients and gases.
25. 10. The placenta is part of the chorion. The
chorion consists of which of the following?
A. Extraembryonic mesoderm
B. Cytotrophoblast
C. Hypoblast
D. All of the above
E. A & B
26. Question #10
A. Extraembryonic mesoderm
B. Cytotrophoblast
C. Hypoblast
D. All of the above
E. A & B: The chorion consists of extraembryonic mesoderm,
cytotrophoblast, and syncytiotrophoblast.
27. 11. The amniotic cavity forms during the process
of implantation of the blastocyst. The amniotic
cavity forms within which of the following
structures?
A. Epiblast
B. Cytotrophoblast
C. Syncytiotrophoblast
D. Maternal endometrium
E. Hypoblast
30. 12. Which of the following cells form
endoderm and mesoderm?
A. Migrating epiblast cells
B. Migrating hypoblast cells
C. Non-migrating epiblast cells
D. Non-migrating hypoblast cells
E. Neural crest cells
31. Question #12
A. Migrating epiblast cells: Epiblast cells move into the primitive streak
and primitive node to form endoderm and mesoderm. Non-
migrating epiblast cells form ectoderm.
B. Migrating hypoblast cells: hypoblast cells do not migrate
C. Non-migrating epiblast cells
D. Non-migrating hypoblast cells: are separated by epiblast cells to
form endoderm
E. Neural crest cells
32. 13. The notochord develops from which of
the following embryonic germ layers?
A. Endoderm
B. Ectoderm
C. Mesoderm
D. Neuroectoderm
E. Neural crest cells
33. Question #13
A. Endoderm
B. Ectoderm
C. Mesoderm: In addition to gastrulation, the notochord develops
from the newly acquired mesoderm. This structure will induce the
formation of the neural plate (neuroectoderm).
D. Neuroectoderm
E. Neural crest cells
34. 14. Which week of embryonic development
usually corresponds to the first missed
menstrual period?
A. Week one
B. Week two
C. Week three
D. Week four
E. None of the Above
35. Question #14
A. Week one
B. Week two
C. Week three: High yield fact sheet - “During the third week of
development, the process of gastrulation beginning with the
formation of the primitive streak and primitive node at the cephalic
(head) end of the embryo. Third week usually corresponds to first
missed menstrual period.”
D. Week four
E. None of the Above
37. 15. Neural crest cells develop during a
process known as neurulation. These cells can
ultimately form which of the following?
A. Melanocytes
B. Lymphocytes
C. Somites
D. All of the above
38. Question #15
A. Melanocytes: During neurulation, neural crest cells develop. These
cells will ultimately form melanocytes (pigmenting cells of the skin),
sensory ganglia, Schwann’s cells, and others
B. Lymphocytes: hematopoietic stem cells
C. Somites: comes from paraxial mesoderm
D. All of the above
39. 16. The neural tube and plate forms from:
A. Intermediate mesoderm
B. Paraxial mesoderm
C. Neural crest cells
D. Neuroectoderm
E. Endoderm
41. 17. Somites form from which of the following
embryological derivations?
A. Paraxial mesoderm
B. Lateral plate mesoderm
C. Neural crest cells
D. Endoderm
E. Ectoderm
42. Question #17
A. Paraxial mesoderm: will become segmented into sclerotomes (head
region) & somites (from occipital region onwards)
B. Lateral plate mesoderm: bones of the shoulder and pelvic girdles
and limbs come from parietal layer of lateral plate mesoderm),
myotomes (muscle), and dermatomes (skin).
C. Neural crest cells
D. Endoderm
E. Ectoderm
43. 18. In a growing embryo, the vertebrae encase
notochord and neural tube in a solid bone like
structure. Vertebrae are formed from which of the
following embryological structures?
A. Dermatomes
B. Myotomes
C. Sclerotomes
D. Primaxial domain
E. Abaxial domain
44. Question #18
A. Dermatomes
B. Myotomes
C. Sclerotomes: Vertebrae form from sclerotomes to encase the
notochord and the neural tube in a solid-bone like structure.
D. Primaxial domain
E. Abaxial domain
45. 19. The nucleus pulposus is the embryological
remnant of which of the following?
A. Neural plate
B. Neural tube
C. Neural crest cells
D. Sclerotomes
E. Notochord
46. Question #19
A. Neural plate: In addition to gastrulation, the notochord develops from the
newly acquired mesoderm. This structure will induce the formation of the
neural plate (neuroectoderm)
B. Neural tube: Neural folds fuse at the midline to become the neural tube, which
is the precursor to the brain and spinal cord
C. Neural crest cells: During neurulation, neural crest cells develop. These cells
will ultimately form melanocytes (pigmenting cells of the skin), sensory ganglia,
Schwann’s cells, and others
D. Sclerotomes: Somites become sclerotomes (becomes cartilage and bone;
bones of the shoulder and pelvic girdles and limbs come from parietal layer of
lateral plate mesoderm)
E. Notochord: The notochord eventually becomes the nucleus pulposus of the
intervertebral discs
47. 20. The lateral somatic frontier is a well defined border between
each somite and the parietal layer of lateral plate mesoderm, and
this creates 2 domains of cells (the primaxial domain and abaxial
domain). In the abaxial domain, the muscle precursor cells form
which of the following adult structures in humans?
A. Shoulder girdle
B. Back
C. Intercostal muscles
D. Limb muscles
E. Abdominal wall
F. A and C
G. D and E
48. Question #20
A. Shoulder girdle
B. Back
C. Intercostal muscles
D. Limb muscles
E. Abdominal wall
F. A and C
G. D and E: Muscle precursor cells in the primaxial domain give rise to
back, shoulder girdle and intercostal muscles. Muscle precursor
cells in the abaxial domain give rise to abdominal wall and limb
muscles.
49. 21. What are the innervations for the epaxial
muscles and hypaxial muscles, respectively?
A. C1-C3; C4-C7
B. C4-C7: C1-C3
C. Dorsal rami; Ventral rami
D. Ventral rami; Dorsal rami
50. Question #21
A. C1-C3; C4-C7
B. C4-C7: C1-C3
C. Dorsal rami; Ventral ramià Innervation- Epaxial (deep back muscles
associate these with primaxial muscle cells) are innervated by
dorsal/posterior rami. Hypaxial (body wall and limbs associate these
with abaxial muscle cells) are innervated by ventral/anterior rami
i.e. virtually all muscle, excluding the deep muscles of the back.
D. Ventral rami; Dorsal rami
51. 22. Which of the following sets are derived
from lateral plate mesoderm?
A. Nerves, arteries and connective tissue of limbs
B. Nerves, arteries and connective tissue of abdomen
C. Nerves, arteries and connective tissue of thorax
D. Bones, joints and connective tissue of limbs
E. Bones, joints and connective tissue of thorax
52. Question #22
A. Nerves, arteries and connective tissue of limbs
B. Nerves, arteries and connective tissue of abdomen
C. Nerves, arteries and connective tissue of thorax
D. Bones, joints and connective tissue of limbs: Bones, joints and
connective tissue of limbs come from parietal layer of lateral plate
mesoderm.
E. Bones, joints and connective tissue of thorax
53. 23. What type of genes direct body pattern
formation (cranial-caudal axis)?
A. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
B. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)
C. CHORDIN
D. HOX
E. NOGGIN
54. Question #23
A. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
B. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)
C. CHORDIN
D. HOX: genes direct body pattern formation (cranial-caudal axis).
E. NOGGIN
55. 24. The diaphragm receives its innervation(s)
from which of the following nerves or nerve
roots?
A. C1-C2
B. C3-C5
C. C6-C7
D. Vagus nerve (CNX)
E. Spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)
56. Question #24
A. C1-C2
B. C3-C5: The diaphragm receives it innervation from the phrenic
nerve (C3-C5) during week 4. “ 3, 4, 5 keep the diaphragm alive”
C. C6-C7
D. Vagus nerve (CNX)
E. Spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)
57. 25. Which of the following types of hernia can
hinder lung development resulting in
hypoplastic lungs?
A. Esophageal hernia
B. Diaphragmatic hernia
C. Epigastric hernia
D. Indirect inguinal hernia
E. Direct inguinal hernia
58. Question #25
A. Esophageal hernia: result when esophageal hiatus is too large and the
stomach pushes up into the thorax. (will see in UNIT 3)
B. Diaphragmatic hernia: result when pleuroperitoneal membranes (one or
both) fail to close the pericardioperitoneal canals causing protrusion of
abdominal organs into the thorax. Diaphragmatic hernias can hinder lung
development resulting in hypoplastic lungs.
C. Epigastric hernia: hernia through the abdominal wall (will see in UNIT 3)
D. Indirect inguinal hernia: lateral to inferior epigastric artery, herniation
travels the entire inguinal canal. (will see in UNIT 3)
E. Direct inguinal hernia: medial to inferior epigastric artery, herniation only
travels through the superficial ring of the inguinal canal. (will see in UNIT
3)
59. 26. Cardiac looping positions the atria
posteriorly and the ventricles anteriorly.
During what week of embryonic development
is cardiac looping first observed?
A. Week one
B. Week two
C. Week three
D. Week four
E. Week five
60. Question #26
A. Week one
B. Week two
C. Week three
D. Week four: During the fourth week of development, cardiac looping
is observed.
E. Week five
61. 27. During the formation of the atrial septum,
what is the first structure that descends to
divide the atrium into two halves?
A. Foramen ovale
B. Septum primum
C. Ostium secundum
D. Ostium primum
E. Septum secundum
62. Question #27
A. Foramen ovale: routes inflow blood from the right atrium and
immediately shunts it to the left side of the heart.
B. Septum primum: Septum formation in the atrium occurs when the
septum primum descends to divide the atrium in two.
C. Ostium secundum: When the ostium primum closes, a second
foramen the ostium secundum forms.
D. Ostium primum: is a foramen between the two sides.
E. Septum secundum: Eventually, a septum secundum forms to the
right of ostium primum leaving an interatrial opening, oval foramen
(foramen ovale), which normally closes at birth.
63. 28. In the human heart, the atrioventricular (AV)
septum creates right and left atrioventricular
canals. The atrioventricular (AV) septum is formed
by the fusion of which of the following?
A. Septum primum and septum secundum
B. Ostium primum and ostium secundum
C. Lateral and medial atrioventricular endocardial cushions
D. Dorsal and ventral atrioventricular endocardial cushions
E. Muscular and membranous IV septums
64. Question #28
A. Septum primum and septum secundum: involved in separating the left
and right atria
B. Ostium primum and ostium secundum: involved in separating the left
and right atria
C. Lateral and medial atrioventricular endocardial cushions
D. Dorsal and ventral atrioventricular endocardial cushions: The
atrioventricular septum or just AV septum is formed by the fusion of the
dorsal and ventral AV cushions. The AV septum creates right and left
atrioventricular canals.
E. Muscular and membranous IV septums: separates left and right
ventricles
65. 29. What is the name of the condition in which the
aorticopulmonary (AP) septum forms but does so
without the septum spiraling?
A. Persistent truncus arteriosus
B. Overriding aorta
C. Transposition of the great vessels
D. Coarctation of the aorta
E. Pulmonary stenosis
66. Question #29
A. Persistent truncus arteriosus: AP septum fails to form due to failure of
neural crest cell migration resulting in one large outflow tract
(incompatible with life).
B. Overriding aorta: opening of the aorta is too large and receives blood
from from both the left (oxygen rich blood) and right (oxygen poor
blood) ventricles.
C. Transposition of the great vessels: the AP septum forms but without
spiraling resulting in the aorta originating from the right side of the heart
and the pulmonary trunk coming from the left. To survive, a shunt would
have to exist.
D. Coarctation of the aorta: a narrowing of the aorta
E. Pulmonary stenosis: narrowing of the pulmonary valve
67. 30. Which of the following characteristics is
associated with the condition known as
Tetralogy of Fallot?
A. Aortic stenosis
B. Left Ventricular hypertrophy
C. Persistent truncus arteriosus
D. Ventricular septal defect
E. Patent foramen ovale
68. Question #30
A. Aortic stenosis: instead it is pulmonary stenosis that is associated with
Tetralogy of Fallot
B. Left Ventricular hypertrophy: it should be right ventricular hypertrophy
C. Persistent truncus arteriosus: arises when the AP septum fails to form
D. Ventricular septal defect: Tetralogy of Fallot is condition that results in 4
characteristics: Pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy,
overriding aorta, and a ventricular septal defect. This is the most
common cause of marked cyanosis in the baby during the first few weeks
of life.
E. Patent foramen ovale: a shunt that directs blood from right to left atrium
fails to close after birth
69. 31. In the developing fetus, which veins are
responsible for bringing oxygen-rich blood to
the fetus from the placenta?
A. Vitelline veins
B. Cardinal veins
C. Cardinal arteries
D. Umbilical veins
E. Umbilical arteries
70. Question #31
A. Vitelline veins: carry blood from yolk sac
B. Cardinal veins: drain the body of the embryo
C. Cardinal arteries
D. Umbilical veins: bring oxygen-rich blood to the fetus from the
placenta and closes after birth.
E. Umbilical arteries
71. 32. Which of the following is a primitive shunt and
routes inflow blood from the right atrium and
immediately shunts it to the left side of the heart in
a fetus?
A. Foramen ovale
B. Ductus venosus
C. Ductus arteriosus
D. Fossa ovalis
72. Question #32
A. Foramen ovale: The oval foramen routes inflow blood from the right
atrium and immediately shunts it to the left side of the heart.
B. Ductus venosus: The ductus venosus shunts blood for the umbilical
vein to the IVC bypassing the fetal liver.
C. Ductus arteriosus: The ductus arteriosus is a short vessel that
shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta. In doing such,
blood is re-routed away from the lungs.
D. Fossa ovalis: After birth, the foramen ovale closes to become the
fossa ovalis.
73. 33. What is the embryological remnant of the
umbilical veins?
A. Ligamentum arteriosum
B. Ligamentum venosus
C. Ligamentum teres hepatis
D. Foramen ovale
E. Fossa ovale
74. Question #33
A. Ligamentum arteriosum: embryological remnant of the ductus
arteriosis
B. Ligamentum venosus: embryological remnant of ductus venosus
C. Ligamentum teres hepatis: Umbilical veins bring oxygen-rich blood
to the fetus from the placenta and closes after birth forming the
ligamentum teres hepatis.
D. Foramen ovale: shunt present between the right and left atria
E. Fossa ovale: remnant of foramen ovale
75. 34. Which of the following will cause
persistent truncus arteriosus?
A. Interventricular (IV) septum fails to form
B. Atrioventricular (AV) septum fails to form
C. Aorticopulmonary (ap) septum fails to form
D. Septum transversum fails to form
E. Foramen ovale fails to close at birth
76. Question #34
A. Interventricular (IV) septum fails to form
B. Atrioventricular (AV) septum fails to form
C. Aorticopulmonary (ap) septum fails to form: AP septum fails to
form due to failure of neural crest cell migration resulting in one
large outflow tract (incompatible with life).
D. Septum transversum fails to form
E. Foramen ovale fails to close at birth: caused by failure of septum
primum & septum secundum to fuse after birth