This document outlines various unit operations used in industrial processes and lists common equipment used for each operation. It describes drying as the removal of liquid from solids through heating. Filtration separates solids from liquids using a septum or filter medium. Size reduction decreases the size of raw materials using methods like crushing, grinding and cutting. Size separation isolates particles of a desired size from other fractions. Mixing completely combines two or more dissimilar materials for uniformity. Evaporation removes liquid below the boiling point through vaporization. Common equipment for each operation is also provided.

1. IMPORTANT NOTES
DRYING : Removal of liquid from a solid by thermal mean ( by Heating )
Equipment : 1 } try dryer 2} tunnel tray dryer 3} turbo dryer 4} spray dryer 5}
freeze drying 6} drum/roller dryer
FILTRATION : it is an process in which solid is separated from a fluid with use of
septum (septum - medium of filtration )
Equipment : 1} filter press 2} Nutsh filters 3} edge filters 4} leaf filters 5]
membrane filters 6} Micro filtrate 7} electrostatic precipitators 8 } wet
scrubber
SIZE REDUCTION : Reduce in size of raw materials by methods include Crushing,
Grinding, Pulversing, Shredding, Cutting.
Equipment : 1} hammer mill 2} tumbing mill 3} fluid energy mill 4} roller mill 5}
edge and end runner mill 6} cutter mill
SIZE SEPRATION : Particle of desired size separated from other fractions
Equipment : 1} sedimentation tank 2} elutritor /zigzag sifter 3} mechanical
classifier 4} cyclone separators
MIXING : complete intermingling of two or more dissimilar portion of material
so that final product obtain desired level of uni formality
Equipment : a ) Batch mixing equipment 1} mechanically agitated vessel 2} jet
mixers
B) High shear mixing equipment 1} homogenize 2} colloid mill c) Pipe
mixers
Mixing of solid with liquid -
1} z-blade mixer 2} planetary mixer 3} screw mill 4} high
speed mixers
EVAPIRATION : process of removal of liquid by vaporization below boiling point
of the system
Equipment : 1} pan evaporator
2}tubular > a) horizontal E. b) vertical E. * short tube E. * multiple
effect E. * long tune E. climbing,falling,forced circular E. 3} wiped film E. 4}
centrifugal rotary E.