The document discusses cloud service models including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). IaaS provides virtual infrastructure resources, PaaS provides development platforms for building and deploying applications, and SaaS provides applications to end users over the internet. The key characteristics and suitable use cases of each service model are described. Popular providers of each service type are also listed.
EMC is a leading cloud service provider that offers IaaS, PaaS and SaaS through its IT division. EMC IT provides virtual infrastructure, application platforms and business solutions as services. It uses virtualization to allocate resources on demand and increase efficiency. EMC also offers the Captiva Cloud Toolkit to help developers quickly build scan-enabled web applications.
Google is another major cloud provider that offers services like Cloud Platform, Cloud Storage, Cloud Connect, Cloud Print and App Engine. Google Cloud Platform provides scalable infrastructure for application development and testing. Cloud Storage provides secure file storage and sharing capabilities. Cloud Connect integrates cloud storage with Microsoft Office applications. Cloud Print allows printing from any device via the internet.
EMC IT's Journey to the Private Cloud: A Practitioner's Guide EMC
This white paper is the first in a series of EMC IT Proven papers describing EMC ITs initiative to move toward a private cloud-based IT infrastructure. EMC IT defines the private cloud as the next-generation IT infrastructure comprising both internal and external clouds that enables efficiency, control, and choice for the internal IT organization.
IBM SmartCloud Entry 3.1 is cloud management software that enhances platform management for STG systems. It provides simplified deployment and customization of virtual images for end users, dramatically increasing IT efficiency through standardization and lower operations costs. SmartCloud Entry is the first tier in IBM's three-tier SmartCloud portfolio and is based on the Common Cloud Stack foundation, facilitating migration to more advanced solutions.
A revolution in information technology cloud computing.Minor33
This document discusses cloud computing and its key aspects. It begins by defining cloud computing as a collection of interconnected networks represented as a cloud in diagrams. The cloud allows users to access applications and store data remotely through an internet connection. There are three main types of cloud models - public, private, and hybrid clouds which combine public and private. The cloud provides major advantages like reduced costs, flexibility, and scalability. It discusses the various cloud service models including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). The document outlines the key characteristics of clouds such as elasticity, self-service provisioning, application programming interfaces, and billing/metering
The document discusses private cloud and VCE infrastructure packages. It explains that VCE is a coalition between Cisco, EMC and VMware to accelerate virtualization and private cloud deployments through pre-integrated and tested solutions. It provides an overview of VCE's Vblock infrastructure packages which deliver standardized and predictable IT infrastructure as a service.
Cloud Infrastructure and Services (CIS) - WebinarEMC
Between 2012 and 2020, the patch of the digital universe that CIOs and their IT staffs need to manage will become not just bigger but also more complex. The skills, experience, and resources to manage all these bits of data will become scarcer and more specialized, requiring a new, flexible, and scalable IT infrastructure that extends beyond the enterprise: cloud computing. By 2020, nearly 40% of the information in the digital universe will be "touched" by cloud computing providers - meaning that a byte. The Cloud Infrastructure and Services (CIS) session educates participants about cloud deployment and service models, cloud infrastructure, and the key considerations in migrating to cloud computing.
EMC's IT's Cloud Transformation, Thomas Becker, EMCCloudOps Summit
The document discusses EMC's transformation to an IT-as-a-Service model. Key points include:
1) EMC transitioned IT from an infrastructure focus to applications focus and now a business focus, optimizing IT production for business consumption.
2) This involved virtualizing servers and applications, consolidating data centers, and achieving 90% virtualization of OS images.
3) The transformation aims to provide agility, cost savings, and a 1 day application provisioning time through a service-oriented IT-as-a-Service model.
EMC is a leading cloud service provider that offers IaaS, PaaS and SaaS through its IT division. EMC IT provides virtual infrastructure, application platforms and business solutions as services. It uses virtualization to allocate resources on demand and increase efficiency. EMC also offers the Captiva Cloud Toolkit to help developers quickly build scan-enabled web applications.
Google is another major cloud provider that offers services like Cloud Platform, Cloud Storage, Cloud Connect, Cloud Print and App Engine. Google Cloud Platform provides scalable infrastructure for application development and testing. Cloud Storage provides secure file storage and sharing capabilities. Cloud Connect integrates cloud storage with Microsoft Office applications. Cloud Print allows printing from any device via the internet.
EMC IT's Journey to the Private Cloud: A Practitioner's Guide EMC
This white paper is the first in a series of EMC IT Proven papers describing EMC ITs initiative to move toward a private cloud-based IT infrastructure. EMC IT defines the private cloud as the next-generation IT infrastructure comprising both internal and external clouds that enables efficiency, control, and choice for the internal IT organization.
IBM SmartCloud Entry 3.1 is cloud management software that enhances platform management for STG systems. It provides simplified deployment and customization of virtual images for end users, dramatically increasing IT efficiency through standardization and lower operations costs. SmartCloud Entry is the first tier in IBM's three-tier SmartCloud portfolio and is based on the Common Cloud Stack foundation, facilitating migration to more advanced solutions.
A revolution in information technology cloud computing.Minor33
This document discusses cloud computing and its key aspects. It begins by defining cloud computing as a collection of interconnected networks represented as a cloud in diagrams. The cloud allows users to access applications and store data remotely through an internet connection. There are three main types of cloud models - public, private, and hybrid clouds which combine public and private. The cloud provides major advantages like reduced costs, flexibility, and scalability. It discusses the various cloud service models including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). The document outlines the key characteristics of clouds such as elasticity, self-service provisioning, application programming interfaces, and billing/metering
The document discusses private cloud and VCE infrastructure packages. It explains that VCE is a coalition between Cisco, EMC and VMware to accelerate virtualization and private cloud deployments through pre-integrated and tested solutions. It provides an overview of VCE's Vblock infrastructure packages which deliver standardized and predictable IT infrastructure as a service.
Cloud Infrastructure and Services (CIS) - WebinarEMC
Between 2012 and 2020, the patch of the digital universe that CIOs and their IT staffs need to manage will become not just bigger but also more complex. The skills, experience, and resources to manage all these bits of data will become scarcer and more specialized, requiring a new, flexible, and scalable IT infrastructure that extends beyond the enterprise: cloud computing. By 2020, nearly 40% of the information in the digital universe will be "touched" by cloud computing providers - meaning that a byte. The Cloud Infrastructure and Services (CIS) session educates participants about cloud deployment and service models, cloud infrastructure, and the key considerations in migrating to cloud computing.
EMC's IT's Cloud Transformation, Thomas Becker, EMCCloudOps Summit
The document discusses EMC's transformation to an IT-as-a-Service model. Key points include:
1) EMC transitioned IT from an infrastructure focus to applications focus and now a business focus, optimizing IT production for business consumption.
2) This involved virtualizing servers and applications, consolidating data centers, and achieving 90% virtualization of OS images.
3) The transformation aims to provide agility, cost savings, and a 1 day application provisioning time through a service-oriented IT-as-a-Service model.
This presentation is about -
Based on as a service model,
• SAAS (Software as a service),
• PAAS (Platform as a service),
• IAAS (Infrastructure as a service,
Based on deployment or access model,
• Public Cloud,
• Private Cloud,
• Hybrid Cloud,
For more details you can visit -
http://vibranttechnologies.co.in/salesforce-classes-in-mumbai.html
This document discusses different types of cloud services including Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Database as a Service (DaaS), and Monitoring as a Service. It describes the key characteristics and advantages of each service type. Some potential issues and disadvantages are also outlined such as security concerns, vendor lock-in, and network dependence. Examples of major cloud service providers are provided for each service layer including Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and Salesforce.
Server Virtualization and Cloud Computing: Four Hidden Impacts on ...webhostingguy
Virtualization and cloud computing introduce new risks to uptime and availability due to single points of failure, I/O and scalability limitations, and challenges with failover and fault isolation. Using fault-tolerant server hardware can help address these issues by eliminating single points of failure, improving I/O performance, and simplifying deployment. Fault-tolerant servers are well-suited for high-performance, high-density, or mission-critical environments that require five-nines uptime.
The document provides an overview of cloud computing including definitions, service models, and deployment models. It discusses some of the challenges of cloud computing networks including security, availability, quality of experience, and ensuring networks are ready to support cloud services. Radware's new cloud network for Infrastructure as a Service aims to address these challenges by providing on-demand, self-service capabilities for cloud customers to dynamically scale their computing resources and have traffic automatically redirected by the application delivery controller.
Guddu Kumar. “A Review on Data Protection of Cloud Computing Security, Benefits, Risks and Suggestions” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 1.2 (2019): 26-34.
Quick start guide_virtualization_uk_a4_online_2021-ukAssespro Nacional
This document provides an overview of virtualization technology. It discusses how virtualization works through the use of a hypervisor and management software to allocate resources across virtual machines. The benefits of virtualization include server consolidation and increased efficiency. Issues that need to be addressed include performance considerations when consolidating workloads, security risks introduced by added software layers, and ensuring compliance across virtual machines. The document provides guidance on getting started with virtualization, including understanding workloads, building a business case, training staff, and examining policies.
彭—Elastic architecture in cloud foundry and deploy with openstackOpenCity Community
This document discusses elastic architecture in CloudFoundry and deploying PaaS with OpenStack. It provides an overview of CloudFoundry's architecture pattern with loosely coupled components that can scale out independently and communicate via messages. These include routers to route requests, nodes to run applications and services, and components like the cloud controller, health manager, and droplet execution agent. It emphasizes principles of self-governance, loose coupling, and the ability to run on different infrastructures like OpenStack.
EMC XtremIO and Citrix XenDesktop provide an optimized virtual desktop infrastructure solution. XtremIO's all-flash storage delivers high performance, scalability, and predictable low latency required for large VDI deployments. Its agile copy services and data reduction features help reduce storage costs. Joint demonstrations showed XtremIO supporting thousands of desktops with sub-millisecond response times during boot storms and login storms. A unique plug-in streamlines the automated deployment and management of large XenDesktop environments using XtremIO's advanced capabilities.
Data Center, Private Cloud/IT transformationCisco Canada
The private cloud is one of today’s fastest growing data center solutions, and the significance of a secure architecture for business applications agnostic to the infrastructure is increasing. Cisco IT is building the foundation for business resiliency; however, resiliency, at every layer of the business environment requires a holistic approach to managing and orchestrating infrastructure, platform, and application resources within a data center and across multiple data centers.
This document discusses how data center requirements have changed and are driving transformation, including the need for flexibility, agility, high performance, security, and simplified management. It introduces Cisco's Unified Computing System (UCS) as a solution that addresses these new requirements through a stateless, policy-based approach using service profiles. Service profiles abstract server identity and configuration from physical hardware, allowing for improved hardware utilization, workload mobility between servers, and dynamic provisioning to quickly align resources with changing business needs.
Future of Power: IBM Trends & Directions - Erik RexIBM Danmark
This document provides an overview of IBM i trends and directions presented at a conference on September 4, 2013. It discusses new Power7+ servers with higher frequencies and more L3 cache providing better price/performance. It also outlines IBM i roadmap commitments, new technology refreshes, and strategies around virtualization, availability, security and simplification to focus on business needs. Customer input and priorities are reviewed to guide IBM i investment themes around solutions for today and the future.
The document provides background information on the instructor for a cloud computing course. It introduces Tudor Marius Cosmin as the instructor and outlines his professional experience in cloud delivery and IT management. It also reviews the course timetable and provides an overview of topics to be covered in the first session, including a history of cloud computing, fundamental concepts and terminology, cloud characteristics and delivery models, and benefits and challenges of cloud computing.
Ctrls delineates how organizations are moving towards Virtualization and Cloud Computing to optimize their IT Infrastructure needs. Benefits such as cost effectiveness, scalability on demand, moving from a CAPEX to OPEX model and increased returns on investments have made virtualization a lucrative datacenter option.
INDUSTRY-LEADING TECHNOLOGY FOR LONG TERM RETENTION OF BACKUPS IN THE CLOUDEMC
CloudBoost is a cloud-enabling solution from EMC
Facilitates secure, automatic, efficient data transfer to private and public clouds for Long-Term Retention (LTR) of backups. Seamlessly extends existing data protection solutions to elastic, resilient, scale-out cloud storage
Cloud computing challenges with emphasis on amazon ec2 and windows azureIJCNCJournal
Cloud Computing has received much attention by the IT-Business world. As compared to the common
computing platforms, cloud computing is more flexible in supporting real-time computation and is
considered a more powerful model for hosting and delivering services over the Internet. However, since
cloud computing is still at its infancy, it faces many challenges that stand against its growth and spread.
This article discusses some challenges facing cloud computing growth and conducts a comparison study
between Amazon EC2 and Windows Azure in dealing with such challenges. It concludes that Amazon EC2
generally offers better solutions than Windows Azure. Nevertheless, the selection between them depends on
the needs of customers.
This document discusses improving latency in distributed cloud data centers through virtualization and automation. It begins by introducing the benefits of distributed data centers over centralized ones, such as lower latency and reduced costs. It then discusses how virtualizing data centers allows more dynamic resource sharing and improves flexibility. Automating operations further reduces costs and complexity. The document proposes building virtual distributed data centers connected by networks optimized for low latency. Automating configuration management helps adapt rapidly to dynamic cloud environments. Overall, virtualizing distributed data centers and automating operations can improve latency and reduce costs in cloud computing.
An enhanced wireless presentation system for large scale content distribution Conference Papers
An enhanced wireless presentation system (eWPS) was developed to distribute presentation content to larger audiences over WiFi networks. The eWPS uses multiple access points connected via a high-speed Ethernet switch to provide WiFi coverage to audiences. It captures screenshots of presentations and stores them on an external web server for access by audience devices through a web browser. Testing showed the eWPS could serve up to 125 audience devices with an average delay of 1.74ms per page load. The system utilized CPU and memory resources efficiently, indicating it could potentially serve a much larger audience size.
VMware: Innovate and Thrive in the Mobile-Cloud EraVMware
The document discusses how organizations can evolve their IT infrastructure to deliver IT as a service (ITaaS) in the mobile-cloud era. It describes how VMware solutions such as vSphere, NSX, and vCloud Suite provide the foundation for organizations to build software-defined data centers and hybrid clouds. This allows organizations to virtualize their infrastructure, automate operations, and seamlessly extend their data centers to the public cloud in order to empower users, increase business agility, and accelerate innovation.
The document discusses cloud computing architectures and services. It describes layered cloud architecture design, including public, private and hybrid clouds. It explains Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). IaaS provides computing infrastructure on-demand. PaaS provides platforms for developers to build applications. SaaS provides software to users on a subscription basis.
This presentation is about -
Based on as a service model,
• SAAS (Software as a service),
• PAAS (Platform as a service),
• IAAS (Infrastructure as a service,
Based on deployment or access model,
• Public Cloud,
• Private Cloud,
• Hybrid Cloud,
For more details you can visit -
http://vibranttechnologies.co.in/salesforce-classes-in-mumbai.html
This document discusses different types of cloud services including Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Database as a Service (DaaS), and Monitoring as a Service. It describes the key characteristics and advantages of each service type. Some potential issues and disadvantages are also outlined such as security concerns, vendor lock-in, and network dependence. Examples of major cloud service providers are provided for each service layer including Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and Salesforce.
Server Virtualization and Cloud Computing: Four Hidden Impacts on ...webhostingguy
Virtualization and cloud computing introduce new risks to uptime and availability due to single points of failure, I/O and scalability limitations, and challenges with failover and fault isolation. Using fault-tolerant server hardware can help address these issues by eliminating single points of failure, improving I/O performance, and simplifying deployment. Fault-tolerant servers are well-suited for high-performance, high-density, or mission-critical environments that require five-nines uptime.
The document provides an overview of cloud computing including definitions, service models, and deployment models. It discusses some of the challenges of cloud computing networks including security, availability, quality of experience, and ensuring networks are ready to support cloud services. Radware's new cloud network for Infrastructure as a Service aims to address these challenges by providing on-demand, self-service capabilities for cloud customers to dynamically scale their computing resources and have traffic automatically redirected by the application delivery controller.
Guddu Kumar. “A Review on Data Protection of Cloud Computing Security, Benefits, Risks and Suggestions” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 1.2 (2019): 26-34.
Quick start guide_virtualization_uk_a4_online_2021-ukAssespro Nacional
This document provides an overview of virtualization technology. It discusses how virtualization works through the use of a hypervisor and management software to allocate resources across virtual machines. The benefits of virtualization include server consolidation and increased efficiency. Issues that need to be addressed include performance considerations when consolidating workloads, security risks introduced by added software layers, and ensuring compliance across virtual machines. The document provides guidance on getting started with virtualization, including understanding workloads, building a business case, training staff, and examining policies.
彭—Elastic architecture in cloud foundry and deploy with openstackOpenCity Community
This document discusses elastic architecture in CloudFoundry and deploying PaaS with OpenStack. It provides an overview of CloudFoundry's architecture pattern with loosely coupled components that can scale out independently and communicate via messages. These include routers to route requests, nodes to run applications and services, and components like the cloud controller, health manager, and droplet execution agent. It emphasizes principles of self-governance, loose coupling, and the ability to run on different infrastructures like OpenStack.
EMC XtremIO and Citrix XenDesktop provide an optimized virtual desktop infrastructure solution. XtremIO's all-flash storage delivers high performance, scalability, and predictable low latency required for large VDI deployments. Its agile copy services and data reduction features help reduce storage costs. Joint demonstrations showed XtremIO supporting thousands of desktops with sub-millisecond response times during boot storms and login storms. A unique plug-in streamlines the automated deployment and management of large XenDesktop environments using XtremIO's advanced capabilities.
Data Center, Private Cloud/IT transformationCisco Canada
The private cloud is one of today’s fastest growing data center solutions, and the significance of a secure architecture for business applications agnostic to the infrastructure is increasing. Cisco IT is building the foundation for business resiliency; however, resiliency, at every layer of the business environment requires a holistic approach to managing and orchestrating infrastructure, platform, and application resources within a data center and across multiple data centers.
This document discusses how data center requirements have changed and are driving transformation, including the need for flexibility, agility, high performance, security, and simplified management. It introduces Cisco's Unified Computing System (UCS) as a solution that addresses these new requirements through a stateless, policy-based approach using service profiles. Service profiles abstract server identity and configuration from physical hardware, allowing for improved hardware utilization, workload mobility between servers, and dynamic provisioning to quickly align resources with changing business needs.
Future of Power: IBM Trends & Directions - Erik RexIBM Danmark
This document provides an overview of IBM i trends and directions presented at a conference on September 4, 2013. It discusses new Power7+ servers with higher frequencies and more L3 cache providing better price/performance. It also outlines IBM i roadmap commitments, new technology refreshes, and strategies around virtualization, availability, security and simplification to focus on business needs. Customer input and priorities are reviewed to guide IBM i investment themes around solutions for today and the future.
The document provides background information on the instructor for a cloud computing course. It introduces Tudor Marius Cosmin as the instructor and outlines his professional experience in cloud delivery and IT management. It also reviews the course timetable and provides an overview of topics to be covered in the first session, including a history of cloud computing, fundamental concepts and terminology, cloud characteristics and delivery models, and benefits and challenges of cloud computing.
Ctrls delineates how organizations are moving towards Virtualization and Cloud Computing to optimize their IT Infrastructure needs. Benefits such as cost effectiveness, scalability on demand, moving from a CAPEX to OPEX model and increased returns on investments have made virtualization a lucrative datacenter option.
INDUSTRY-LEADING TECHNOLOGY FOR LONG TERM RETENTION OF BACKUPS IN THE CLOUDEMC
CloudBoost is a cloud-enabling solution from EMC
Facilitates secure, automatic, efficient data transfer to private and public clouds for Long-Term Retention (LTR) of backups. Seamlessly extends existing data protection solutions to elastic, resilient, scale-out cloud storage
Cloud computing challenges with emphasis on amazon ec2 and windows azureIJCNCJournal
Cloud Computing has received much attention by the IT-Business world. As compared to the common
computing platforms, cloud computing is more flexible in supporting real-time computation and is
considered a more powerful model for hosting and delivering services over the Internet. However, since
cloud computing is still at its infancy, it faces many challenges that stand against its growth and spread.
This article discusses some challenges facing cloud computing growth and conducts a comparison study
between Amazon EC2 and Windows Azure in dealing with such challenges. It concludes that Amazon EC2
generally offers better solutions than Windows Azure. Nevertheless, the selection between them depends on
the needs of customers.
This document discusses improving latency in distributed cloud data centers through virtualization and automation. It begins by introducing the benefits of distributed data centers over centralized ones, such as lower latency and reduced costs. It then discusses how virtualizing data centers allows more dynamic resource sharing and improves flexibility. Automating operations further reduces costs and complexity. The document proposes building virtual distributed data centers connected by networks optimized for low latency. Automating configuration management helps adapt rapidly to dynamic cloud environments. Overall, virtualizing distributed data centers and automating operations can improve latency and reduce costs in cloud computing.
An enhanced wireless presentation system for large scale content distribution Conference Papers
An enhanced wireless presentation system (eWPS) was developed to distribute presentation content to larger audiences over WiFi networks. The eWPS uses multiple access points connected via a high-speed Ethernet switch to provide WiFi coverage to audiences. It captures screenshots of presentations and stores them on an external web server for access by audience devices through a web browser. Testing showed the eWPS could serve up to 125 audience devices with an average delay of 1.74ms per page load. The system utilized CPU and memory resources efficiently, indicating it could potentially serve a much larger audience size.
VMware: Innovate and Thrive in the Mobile-Cloud EraVMware
The document discusses how organizations can evolve their IT infrastructure to deliver IT as a service (ITaaS) in the mobile-cloud era. It describes how VMware solutions such as vSphere, NSX, and vCloud Suite provide the foundation for organizations to build software-defined data centers and hybrid clouds. This allows organizations to virtualize their infrastructure, automate operations, and seamlessly extend their data centers to the public cloud in order to empower users, increase business agility, and accelerate innovation.
The document discusses cloud computing architectures and services. It describes layered cloud architecture design, including public, private and hybrid clouds. It explains Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). IaaS provides computing infrastructure on-demand. PaaS provides platforms for developers to build applications. SaaS provides software to users on a subscription basis.
People frequently use the terms IaaS, PaaS, FaaS, and SaaS interchangeably when discussing cloud computing service because all of these technologies operate behind the cloud.
The document discusses Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), beginning with defining IaaS as providing access to virtualized computing resources like virtual machines, storage, and networking capabilities. It then covers basic IaaS characteristics such as dynamic scaling, service levels, rental models, metering and costs, and self-service provisioning. The document also discusses how IaaS can be utilized for enterprise infrastructure, cloud hosting, and virtual data centers. It covers benefits of IaaS like scalability and location independence, as well as examples of public and private IaaS providers.
Cloud computing refers to applications and services that are accessed via the internet through a web browser rather than being installed on a physical device. It involves delivering computing resources such as databases, software, storage, and applications over the internet. There are three main service models for cloud computing: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). IaaS provides basic storage and networking capabilities, PaaS provides platforms for building apps, and SaaS provides ready-to-use software to customers. Cloud computing offers benefits like reduced costs, increased scalability and flexibility, and rapid deployment of applications.
IRJET- Single to Multi Cloud Data Security in Cloud ComputingIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses security issues with storing data on a single cloud and proposes using a multi-cloud approach to increase security. It explores using encryption algorithms like AES and secret sharing to secure data across multiple clouds.
2) The key aspects of the proposed work are to store and operate on data blocks efficiently while preventing unauthorized access through encryption, decryption, and blocking of user IP addresses by the admin.
3) Migrating from a single cloud to a multi-cloud approach helps reduce security risks by distributing data across multiple cloud providers rather than relying on a single provider.
Cloud Computing MODULE-2 to understand the cloud computing concepts.pptmithunrocky72
Cloud computing provides on-demand IT services over the internet on a pay-as-you-go basis. The document discusses the cloud computing architecture including the cloud reference model, infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS). It also covers different types of clouds such as public clouds, private clouds, and hybrid clouds.
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing resources such as applications, data storage, and computing power over the internet on an as-needed basis. It provides users access to shared pools of configurable computing resources like networks, servers, storage, applications, and services that can be quickly provisioned with minimal management effort. There are three main service models of cloud computing: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). IaaS provides virtualized computing resources, PaaS provides platforms for developing and hosting applications, and SaaS provides users access to applications hosted by the service provider.
Basic Cloud Computing and underlying technology, Hypervisor, Cloud Services, Cloud Deployment Models, AWS, REST APIs, Cloud Investment Trends, Cloud Investments, Cloud Value chain and lot of terms and references for further reading.
This document provides an introduction to cloud computing, including definitions, history, characteristics, architecture, service models, and comparisons to grid computing. Some key points:
- Cloud computing uses remote servers and storage accessed over the internet rather than local hardware/software.
- It evolved from client-server and distributed computing and allows delivery of computing resources as an on-demand utility.
- Common cloud service models are Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS).
- Cloud architecture includes front-end interfaces and back-end resources, applications, services, runtime environments, and security management.
Cloud computing allows users to access data and software over the internet rather than locally. It provides on-demand access to configurable computing resources. Key characteristics include self-service provisioning, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. The document discusses the history, architecture, types of cloud services (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), advantages and disadvantages of each service model, and compares cloud computing to grid computing.
This document provides an overview of cloud computing, including its key concepts, models, and advantages. The main points are:
- Cloud computing provides on-demand access to computing resources like servers, storage, databases, and applications via the internet. It allows users to avoid upfront infrastructure costs.
- The major cloud service models are Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). SaaS provides access to applications, PaaS provides development platforms, and IaaS provides basic computing resources.
- The key benefits of cloud computing include cost savings, flexibility, scalability, and accessibility of resources from anywhere via
Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Key characteristics of cloud computing include on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. Cloud computing provides opportunities for lower costs, improved performance and reliability, universal access, and collaboration. However, it also poses disadvantages such as reliance on a constant internet connection and potential security and performance issues.
Cloud computing is a general term for network-based computing that takes place over the Internet. It provides on-demand access to shared pools of configurable computing resources like networks, servers, storage, applications, and services. Key characteristics include pay-as-you-go pricing, ubiquitous network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. Common cloud service models are SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. While cloud computing provides opportunities to reduce costs and access services from anywhere, challenges relate to security, control, and dependence on third parties.
Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Key characteristics of cloud computing include on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. Cloud computing provides opportunities for lower costs, improved performance and reliability, universal access, and collaboration. However, it also poses disadvantages such as reliance on a constant internet connection, potential security issues, and lack of local control.
Cloud computing allows users to access computing resources like servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics and more over the internet. It provides on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort. Some key characteristics of cloud computing include centralization of infrastructure, increased peak-load capacity, efficiency improvements, dynamic allocation of resources, and consistent monitored performance. There are various deployment and service models used in cloud computing like public, private, hybrid, community clouds and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS).
Cloud computing is a general term for internet-based computing where shared servers provide resources, software, and data to computers and other devices on demand. It provides scalable, elastic resources without upfront investment for infrastructure. Key characteristics include pay-for-use, ubiquitous network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. Common cloud service models are SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. While the cloud provides opportunities like reduced costs and universal access, disadvantages include reliance on internet connectivity and potential security and control issues.
Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Key characteristics of cloud computing include on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. Cloud computing provides services at various levels including SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. The main advantages of cloud computing are lower costs, flexibility and scalability.
The document provides an overview of cloud computing, including definitions of cloud, cloud characteristics, common cloud features, deployment models, service models, and examples of major cloud vendors like Amazon Web Services. It discusses how cloud computing provides on-demand access to shared computing resources over the internet and the business benefits of reduced costs and increased flexibility. However, some concerns include data security, latency issues for real-time applications, and lack of control over proprietary systems.
Zoom is a comprehensive platform designed to connect individuals and teams efficiently. With its user-friendly interface and powerful features, Zoom has become a go-to solution for virtual communication and collaboration. It offers a range of tools, including virtual meetings, team chat, VoIP phone systems, online whiteboards, and AI companions, to streamline workflows and enhance productivity.
Do you want Software for your Business? Visit Deuglo
Deuglo has top Software Developers in India. They are experts in software development and help design and create custom Software solutions.
Deuglo follows seven steps methods for delivering their services to their customers. They called it the Software development life cycle process (SDLC).
Requirement — Collecting the Requirements is the first Phase in the SSLC process.
Feasibility Study — after completing the requirement process they move to the design phase.
Design — in this phase, they start designing the software.
Coding — when designing is completed, the developers start coding for the software.
Testing — in this phase when the coding of the software is done the testing team will start testing.
Installation — after completion of testing, the application opens to the live server and launches!
Maintenance — after completing the software development, customers start using the software.
Introducing Crescat - Event Management Software for Venues, Festivals and Eve...Crescat
Crescat is industry-trusted event management software, built by event professionals for event professionals. Founded in 2017, we have three key products tailored for the live event industry.
Crescat Event for concert promoters and event agencies. Crescat Venue for music venues, conference centers, wedding venues, concert halls and more. And Crescat Festival for festivals, conferences and complex events.
With a wide range of popular features such as event scheduling, shift management, volunteer and crew coordination, artist booking and much more, Crescat is designed for customisation and ease-of-use.
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1. UNIT - IV
CLOUD SERVICE MODELS
The National Institute of StandardsandTechnology(NIST) definesthree basicservice models,namely,
1.IaaS (Infrastructure asa Service)
2. PaaS (Platformasa Service)
3. SaaS (Software asa Service)
1.IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service):
The ability given to the infrastructure architects to deploy or run any software on the computing
resources provided by the service provider. Here, the underlying infrastructures such as compute,
network, and storage are managed by the service provider. Thus, the infrastructure architects are
exemptedfrommaintainingthe datacenterorunderlyinginfrastructure.The endusersare responsible
formanagingapplicationsthatare runningontopof the service providercloudinfrastructure.Generally,
the IaaSservicesare providedfromthe service providerclouddatacenter.The enduserscanaccessthe
services from their devices through web command line interface (CLI) or application programming
interfaces(APIs) providedbythe service providers.Some of the popularIaaSprovidersinclude Amazon
Web Services (AWS), Google Compute Engine, OpenStack, and Eucalyptus.
2. PaaS(Platform as a Service):
The ability given to developers to develop and deploy an application on the development platform
providedbythe service provider.Thus,the developersare exemptedfrommanagingthe development
platformandunderlyinginfrastructure.Here,the developers are responsible formanagingthe deployed
applicationandconfiguringthe developmentenvironment.Generally,PaaSservicesare providedbythe
service provider on an on-premise or dedicated or hosted cloud infrastructure. The developers can
access the development platform over the Internet through web CLI, web user interface (UI), and
integrateddevelopmentenvironments(IDEs).Some of the popularPaaSprovidersinclude GoogleApp
Engine, Force.com, Red Hat OpenShift, Heroku, and Engine Yard.
2. 3. SaaS (Software as a Service):
The abilitygiventothe enduserstoaccessanapplicationoverthe Internetthatishostedandmanaged
by the service provider.Thus,the endusersare exemptedfrommanagingorcontrollinganapplication,
the development platform, and the underlyinginfrastructure.Generally, SaaS services are hosted in
service provider– managed or service provider–hosted cloud infrastructure. The end users can access
the services from any thin clients or web browsers. Some of the popular SaaS providers include
Saleforce.com, Google Apps, and Microsoft office 365.
In IaaS, the end users are responsible for maintaining the development platform and the
application running on top of the underlying infrastructure. The IaaS providers are responsible for
maintaining the underlying hardware as shown in Figure 5.2a.
In PaaS, the end usersare responsibleformanagingthe applicationthattheyhave developed.
The underlyinginfrastructure willbe maintainedbythe infrastructureproviderasshowninFigure 5.2b.
In SaaS, the end user is free from maintaining the infrastructure, development platform, and
applicationthattheyare using.All the maintenance will be carriedoutby the SaaS providersas shown
Figure 5.2c.
Cloud Deployment Models:
The NIST defines four different types of cloud deployment models, namely,
1.public cloud:
The public cloud is provided for the general public.
2. private cloud:
3. The private cloud is used by an organization for its multiple business units.
3.community cloud:
The community cloud is for some group of organization with the same goals.
4.hybrid cloud:
The hybrid cloud is any combination of the public, private, and community clouds.
The service delivery of cloud services through different deployment models is shown in Fig 5.3.
Infrastructure as a Service:
IaaS changes the way that the compute, storage, and networking resourcesare consumed. In
traditional data centers, the computing power is consumed by having physical access to the
infrastructure. IaaS changes the computing from a physical infrastructure to a virtual infrastructure.
IaaS providesvirtual computing,storage,andnetworkresourcesbyabstractingthe physical resources.
Technologyvirtualizationisusedtoprovide the virtual resources.All the virtual resourcesare givento
the virtual machines (VMs) that are configured by the service provider. The end users or IT architects
will use the infrastructure resources in the form of VMs as shown in Figure 5.4.
4. Services Provided by IaaS provider:
A typical IaaS provider may provide the flowing services as shown in Figure 5.5:
1. Compute:
Computingasa Service includesvirtual centralprocessingunits(CPUs) andvirtual mainmemoryforthe
VMs that are provisioned to the end users.
2. Storage:
IaaSprovidesback-endstorage forthe VMimages.Someof the IaaSprovidersalsoprovidethe backend
for storing files.
3. Network:
5. NetworkasaService (NaaS) providesvirtualnetworkingcomponentssuchasvirtual router,switch,and
bridge for the VMs.
4. Load balancers:
Load Balancing as a Service may provide load balancing capability at the infrastructure layer.
Characteristics of IaaS:
1. Web access to the resources:
The IaaSmodel enablesthe ITuserstoaccessinfrastructureresourcesovertheInternet.Whenaccessing
a huge computing power, the IT user need not get physical access to the servers. Through any web
browsers or management console, the users can access the required infrastructure.
2. Centralized management:
Even though the physical resources are distributed,the management will be from a single place. The
resources distributed across different parts can be controlled from any management console. This
ensures effective resource management and effective resource utilization.
3. Elasticity and dynamic scaling:
IaaS provideselastic serviceswhere the usage of resources can be increasedor decreasedaccording
to the requirements. The infrastructure needdependsonthe loadonthe application.Accordingtothe
load,IaaS servicescan provide the resources.The load on any applicationisdynamicand IaaS services
are capable of proving the required services dynamically.
4. Shared infrastructure:
IaaS follows a one-to-many delivery model and allows multiple IT users to share the same physical
infrastructure. The differentITuserswill be givendifferentVMs. IaaSensureshighresourceutilization.
5. Preconfigured VMs:
IaaS providers offer preconfiguredVMs with operating systems (OSs),networkconfiguration, etc. The
IT userscan selectanykindof VMs of theirchoice.The IT usersare free toconfigure VMsfromscratch.
The users can directly start using the VMs as soon as they subscribed to the services.
6. Metered services:
IaaS allowsthe ITusersto rentthe computingresourcesinsteadof buyingit.The servicesconsumedby
the IT userwill be measured,andthe userswill be chargedby the IaaS providersbased onthe amount
of usage.
Suitability of IaaS:
IaaS can be used in the following situations:
1. Unpredictable spikes in usage:
When there is a significant spike in usage of computing resources, IaaS is the best option for IT
industries.Whendemandisveryvolatile,we cannotpredictthe spikesandtroughsintermsof demand
of the infrastructure. In this situation, we cannot add or remove infrastructure immediatelyaccording
tothe demandinatraditional infrastructure.If thereisanunpredictable demandof infrastructure,then
it is recommended to use IaaS services.
2. Limited capital investment:
6. Newstart-upcompaniescannotinvestmore on buyinginfrastructure fortheirbusinessneeds.Andso
by using IaaS, start-up companies can reduce the capital investment on hardware.IaaS is the suitable
option for start-up companies with less capital investment on hardware.
3. Infrastructure on demand:
Some organizations may require large infrastructure for a short period of time. For this purpose, an
organization cannot afford to buy more on-premise resources. Instead, they can rent the required
infrastructure fora specificperiodof time.IaaSbestsuitsthe organizationsthatlookfor infrastructure
on demand or for a short time period.
Not Suitable Situations of IaaS:
There are some situations where IaaS may not be the best option. In followingsituations,IT
users should avoid using the IaaS:
1. When regulatory compliance does not allow off-premise hosting:
For some companies,itsregulationmaynotallow the applicationanddatato be hostedon third-party
off-premise infrastructure.
2. When usage is minimal:
When the usage is minimal and the available on-premise infrastructure itself is capable of satisfying
their needs.
3. When better performance is required:
Since the IaaS servicesare accessedthroughthe Internet,sometimesthe performance mightbe notas
expected due to network latency.
4. When there is a need for more control on physical infrastructure:
Some organizations might require physical control over the underlying infrastructure. As the IaaS
servicesare abstractedasvirtual resources,itisnotpossibletohave morecontrol onunderlyingphysical
infrastructure.
Pros and Cons of IaaS:
The following are the benefits (Pros) provided by IaaS:
1. Pay-as-you-use model:
The IaaSservicesare providedtothe customersonapay-per-usebasis.Thisensuresthatthe customers
are requiredtopayforwhattheyhave used.Thismodeleliminatesthe unnecessaryspendingonbuying
hardware.
2. Reduced TCO (Total cost of ownership):
Since IaaS providers allow the IT users to rent the computing resources, they need not buy physical
hardware for running their business. The IT users can rent the IT infrastructure rather than buy it by
spendinglarge amount.IaaSreducestheneedfor buyinghardwareresourcesandthusreducesthe TCO.
3. Elastic resources:
IaaS providesresourcesbasedonthe currentneeds.IT userscan scale up or scale downthe resources
whenever they want. This dynamic scaling is done automatically using some load balancers. This load
7. balancer transfers the additional resource request to the new server and improves application
efficiency.
4. Better resource utilization:
Resource utilization is the most important criteria to succeed in the IT business. IaaS ensures better
resource utilization and provides high ROI for IaaS providers.
5. Supports Green IT:
In traditional IT infrastructure, dedicated servers are used for different businessneeds. Since many
serversare used,the powerconsumptionwillbe high.This doesnotresultinGreenIT.InIaaS,the need
of buyingdedicatedserversiseliminatedassingleinfrastructure issharedbetweenmultiplecustomers,
thusreducingthe numberof serverstobe purchasedandhence the powerconsumptionthatresultsin
Green IT.
The following are the drawbacks (Cons) of IaaS:
1. Security issues:
Since IaaS usesvirtualizationasthe enablingtechnology,hypervisorsplayanimportantrole.Thereare
many attacks that target the hypervisors to compromise it. If hypervisors get compromised, then any
VMs canbe attackedeasily.Mostof the IaaSprovidersare notable toprovide 100% securitytothe VMs
and the data stored on the VMs.
2. Interoperability issues:
There are no common standards followed among the different IaaS providers. It is very difficult to
migrate any VM from one IaaS providerto the other.Sometimes,the customersmightface the vendor
lock-in problem.
3. Performance issues:
IaaS isnothingbutthe consolidationof available resourcesfromthe distributedcloudservers.Here,all
the distributedserversare connectedoverthe network.Latencyof the networkplaysanimportantrole
in deciding the performance. Because of latency issues, sometimes the VM contains issues with its
performance.
Summary of IaaS Providers:
There are manypublicand private IaaSprovidersinthe marketwhoprovidesinfrastructure servicesto
the end users.
Table 5.1 provides the summary of popular infrastructure providers.
In the table, the popular IaaS providers are classifiedbased on the license, deployment model, and
supported host OS, guest OS, and hypervisors.
8.
9. Platform as a Service:
In traditional application development,the application will be developedlocallyand will be hosted in
the central location.Most of the applicationsdevelopedbytraditional developmentplatformsresultin
a licensing-basedsoftware,whereasPaaSchanges the applicationdevelopmentfromlocal machine to
online. PaaS providers provide the development PaaS from the data center.
PaaS allows the developers to develop their application online and also allows them to deploy
immediatelyon the same platform. PaaS consumers or developerscan consume language runtimes,
applicationframeworks,databases, message queues,testingtools,anddeploymenttoolsasa service
over the Internet.
The developers can consume the services over the Internet as shown in Figure 5.6.
10. Services provided by PaaS providers:
Typical PaaS providers may provide programming languages, application frameworks, databases,and
testing tools as shown in Figure 5.7.
1. Programming languages:
PaaS providers provide a wide variety of programming languages for the developers to develop
applications. Some of the popular programming languages provided by PaaS vendors are Java, Perl,
PHP, Python, Ruby, Scala, Clojure, and Go.
2. Application frameworks:
PaaS vendors provide application frameworksthat simplifythe applicationdevelopment.Some of the
popular application development frameworks provided by a PaaS provider include Node.js, Rails,
Drupal, Joomla, WordPress, Django, EE6, Spring, Play, Sinatra, Rack, and Zend.
3. Database:
Since every application needs to communicate with the databases, it becomes a must-have tool for
every application. PaaS providers are providing databases also with their PaaS platforms. The popular
databases provided by the popular PaaS vendors are ClearDB, PostgreSQL, Cloudant, Membase,
MongoDB, and Redis.
4. Other tools:
PaaS providers provide all the tools that are required to develop, test, and deploy an application.
Characteristics of PaaS:
The following are the essential characteristics that make PaaS unique from traditional development
platforms:
1. All in one:
Most of the PaaS providersofferservicesto develop,test,deploy,host, and maintain applications in
the same IDE. Additionally,manyservice providersprovideallthe programminglanguages,frameworks,
11. databases, and other development-related servicesthat make developers choose from a wide variety
of development platforms.
2. Web access to the development platform:
PaaS provideswebaccesstothe developmentplatform.UsingwebUI,anydevelopercangetaccessto
the development platform. The web-basedUI helps the developerscreate, modify, test, and deploy
different applications on the same platform.
3. Offline access:
To enable offline development, some of the PaaS providers allow the developer to synchronize their
local IDEwiththe PaaSservices. The developerscandevelopanapplicationlocallyanddeployitonline
whenever they are connected to the Internet.
4. Built-in scalability:
Scalabilityisanimportantrequirementforthe new generationweborSaaSapplications. PaaSservices
provide built-in scalability to an application that is developed using any particular PaaS. This ensures
that the application is capable of handling varying loads efficiently.
5. Collaborative platform:
Most of the PaaS services provide support for collaborative development. To enable collaboration
amongdevelopers,mostof the PaaSprovidersprovide toolsforprojectplanning and communication.
6. Diverse client tools:
To make the development easier, PaaS providers provide a wide variety of client tools to help the
developer.The clienttoolsinclude CLI,webCLI,webUI, REST API,and IDE. The developerscanchoose
any tools of their choice. These client tools are also capable of handling billing and subscription
management.
Suitability of PaaS :
PaaS is a suitable option for the following situations:
1. Collaborative development:
To increase the time to marketand developmentefficiency,thereisaneedfora commonplace where
the developmentteamandotherstakeholdersof the applicationcancollaborate witheachother.Since
PaaS servicesprovide acollaborative developmentenvironment,itisa suitable optionforapplications
thatneedcollaborationamongdevelopersandotherthirdpartiestocarryoutthe developmentprocess.
2. Automated testing and deployment:
Automatedtestingandbuildingof anapplicationare veryusefulwhile developingapplicationsatavery
short time frame. The automated testing tools reduce the time spent in manual testing tools.Most of
the PaaS services offer automated testing and deployment capabilities. The developmentteam needs
to concentrate more on development rather than testing and deployment. PaaS services are the best
option where there is a need for automated testing and deployment of the applications.
3. Time to market:
The PaaSservicesfollowthe iterative andincrementaldevelopmentmethodologiesthatensurethatthe
application is in the market as per the time frame given.
12. Not Suitable Situations of PaaS:
There are some situations where PaaS may not be the best option:
1. Frequent application migration:
The major problem with PaaS services are vendor lock-in. Since there are no common standards
followedamong PaaS providers, it is verydifficultto migrate the application from one PaaS provider
to the other.
2. Customization at the infrastructure level:
PaaS is an abstracted service, and the PaaS users do not have full control over the underlying
infrastructure. There are some application development platforms that need some configuration or
customization of underlying infrastructure. In these situations, it is not possible to customize the
underlyinginfrastructure withPaaS.Ifthe application developmentplatformneedsany configuration
at the hardware level, it is not recommended to go for PaaS.
3. Flexibility at the platform level:
PaaS providestemplate-basedapplicationswhere all the differentprogramminglanguages,databases,
and message queues are predefined. It is an advantage if the application is a generic application.
4. Integration with on-premise application:
A company might have used PaaS services for some set of applications. For some set of applications,
they might have used on-premise platforms. Since many PaaS services use their own proprietary
technologies to define the application stack, it may not match with the on-premise application stack.
This makes the integration of application hosted in on-premise platform and PaaS platform a difficult
job.
Pros and Cons of PaaS
The PaaS has the following benefits (Pros):
1. Quick development and deployment:
PaaS providesall the requireddevelopmentandtestingtoolstodevelop,test,anddeploythe software
in one place. Most of the PaaS services automate the testing and deployment process as soon as the
developercompletesthe development.Thisspeedsupapplicationdevelopmentanddeploymentthan
traditional development platforms.
2. Reduces TCO:
The developersneednotbuylicenseddevelopmentandtestingtoolsif PaaSservicesare selected.Most
of the traditional development platforms requires high-end infrastructure for its working, which
increasesthe TCOof the applicationdevelopmentcompany.But,PaaSallowsthe developerstorentthe
software,developmentplatforms,andtestingtoolstodevelop,build,anddeploythe application.PaaS
doesnot require high-endinfrastructure alsoto developthe application,thusreducingthe TCO of the
development company.
3. Supports agile (Active) software development:
Nowadays, most of the new-generation applications are developed using agile methodologies.
Many ISVs and SaaS development companies started adopting agile methodologies for application
13. development. PaaS services support agile methodologies that the ISVs and other development
companies are looking for.
4. Different teams can work together:
The traditional developmentplatformdoesnothave extensive supportforcollaborative development.
PaaS services support developers from different places to work together on the same project. This is
possible because of the online common development platform provided by PaaS providers.
5. Ease of Use:
PaaS providesawide varietyof clienttoolssuchasCLI, webCLI,webUI, APIs,andIDEs. The developers
are free to choose any clienttoolsof theirchoice.Especially,the webUI–basedPaaS servicesincrease
the usability of the development platform for all types of developers.
6. Less maintenance overhead:
In on-premise applications, the development company or software vendor is responsible for
maintaining the underlying hardware. They need to recruit skilled administrators to maintain the
servers.Thisoverheadiseliminatedbythe PaaSservicesasthe underlyinginfrastructure ismaintained
by the infrastructure providers.
7. Produces scalable applications:
PaaS services are providing built-in scalability to the application that is developed using the PaaS
platform.
The PaaS has the following drawbacks (Cons):
1. Vendor lock-in:
The majordrawback withPaaS providersare vendorlock-in.The mainreasonfor vendorlock-inislack
of standards. There are nocommonstandards followedamongthe differentPaaSproviders. The other
reasonfor vendorlock-inisproprietarytechnologiesusedbyPaaSproviders.Mostof the PaaS vendors
use the proprietary technologies that are not compatible with the other PaaS providers. The vendor
lock-inproblemof PaaSservicesdoesnotallow the applicationstobe migratedfromone PaaSprovider
to the other.
2. Security issues:
Like inthe othercloudservices,securityisone of themajorissuesinPaaSservices.Since dataare stored
in off-premise third-partyservers,manydevelopersare afraidto go for PaaS services.Of course,many
PaaS providersprovide mechanismstoprotectthe userdata,andit isnot sufficienttofeel the safetyof
onpremise deployment.Whenselectingthe PaaSprovider,the developershouldreview the regulatory,
compliance, and security policies of the PaaS provider with their own security requirements. If not
properly reviewed, the developers or users are at the risk of data security breach.
3. Less flexibility:
PaaSprovidersdonotgive muchfreedomforthe developerstodefine theirownapplicationstack.Most
of the PaaS providersprovide manyprogramminglanguages,databases,andotherdevelopmenttools.
But, it isnot extensive anddoesnotsatisfyall developerneeds.Onlysome of the PaaSprovidersallow
developerstoextendthe PaaStoolswith the custom or new programminglanguages.Still mostof the
PaaS providers do not provide flexibility to the developers.
4. Depends on Internet connection:
14. Since the PaaS services are delivered over the Internet, the developers should depend on Internet
connectivity for developingthe application. Even though some of the providers allow offline access,
mostof the PaaSprovidersdonotallowoffline access.WithslowInternetconnection,the usabilityand
efficiency of the PaaS platform do not satisfy the developer requirements.
Summary of PaaS Providers:
PaaS providers are more in the IT market for public as well as the private clouds.
Table 5.2 gives a summary of popular private and public PaaS providers.
15. Software as a Service :
SaaS changesthe waythe software isdeliveredtothe customers.Inthe traditional software model,the
software isdeliveredasalicense-basedproductthatneedstobe installedinthe enduserdevice.Since
SaaS is deliveredasanon-demandservice overthe Internet,there isnoneedtoinstall the software to
the end user’s devices.
SaaS servicescanbe accessedordisconnectedatanytime basedonthe enduser’sneeds. SaaSservices
can be accessed from any lightweight web browsers on any devices such as laptops, tablets, and
smartphones.Some of the SaaSservicescanbe accessedfroma thinclientthatdoesnotcontainmuch
storage space and cannot run much software like the traditional desktop PCs.
The important benefits of using thin clients for accessing the SaaS application are as follows: it is less
vulnerable to attack, has a longer life cycle, consumes less power, and is less expensive.
Services provided by SaaS Providers:
A typical SaaS provider may provide business services, social networks, document management, and
mail services as shown in Figure 5.8:
1. Business services:
Most of the SaaS providers started providing a variety of business services that attract start-up
companies. The business SaaS services include ERP, CRM, billing, sales, and human resources.
2. Social networks:
Since social networkingsitesare extensivelyusedbythe general public,manysocialnetworkingservice
providersadoptedSaaSfortheirsustainability.Since the numberof usersof the social networkingsites
is increasing exponentially, cloud computing is the perfect match for handling the variable load.
3. Document management:
Since mostof the enterprisesextensivelyuse electronicdocuments,mostof the SaaSprovidersstarted
providing services that are used to create, manage, and track electronic documents.
16. 4. Mail services:
E-mail servicesare currentlyusedbymany people.The future growthine-mail usage isunpredictable.
To handle the unpredictable number of users and the load on e-mail services, most of the e-mail
providers started offering their services as SaaS services.
Characteristics of SaaS:
1. One to many:
SaaS servicesare deliveredasa one-to-manymodel where asingle instance of the application can be
shared by multiple tenants or customers.
2. Web access:
SaaS servicesprovide webaccesstothe software. Itallowsthe enduserto access the applicationfrom
any location if the device is connected to the Internet.
3. Centralized management:
Since SaaS services are hosted and managed from the central location, management of the SaaS
application becomes easier.Normally, the SaaS providers will perform the automatic updates that
ensure that each tenant is accessingthe most recentversionof the application withoutany user-side
updates.
4. Multidevice support:
SaaS services can be accessed from any end user devices such as desktops, laptops, tablets,
smartphones, and thin clients.
5. Better scalability:
Since mostof the SaaS servicesleveragePaaSandIaaS for itsdevelopmentanddeployment,itensures
a better scalability than the traditional software. The dynamic scaling of underlyingcloud resources
makes SaaS applications work efficiently even with varying loads.
6. High availability:
SaaS services ensure the 99.99% availability of user data as proper backup and recovery mechanisms
are implemented at the back end.
7. API integration:
SaaS serviceshave the capabilityof integrating with other software or service through standard APIs.
Suitability of SaaS:
SaaS applications are the best option for the following:
1. On-demand software:
The licensing-basedsoftwaremodelrequiresbuyingfullpackagedsoftwareandincreasesthe spending
on buying software. Some of the occasionally used software does not give any ROI. Because of this,
manyendusersare lookingfora software thattheycan use as and whentheyneeded.If the endusers
are looking for on-demand software rather than the licensing-based full-term software,then the SaaS
model is the best option.
2. Software for start-up companies:
17. When using any traditional software, the end user should buy devices with minimum requirements
specified by the software vendor. This increases the investment on buying hardware for start-up
companies. Since SaaS services do not require high-end infrastructure for accessing, it is a suitable
optionfor start-up companies that can reduce the initial expenditure on buying high-end hardware.
3. Software compatible with multiple devices:
Some of the applicationslike wordprocessorsormail servicesneedbetteraccessibilityfromdifferent
devices. The SaaS applications are adaptable with almost all the devices.
4. Software with varying loads:
We cannot predict the load on popular applications such as social networking sites. The user may
connect or disconnect from applications anytime. It is very difficult to handle varying loads with the
traditional infrastructure. With the dynamic scaling capabilities, SaaS applications can handle varying
loads efficiently without disrupting the normal behavior of the application.
Not Suitable Situations of SaaS:
The SaaS delivery model is not the best option for the applications mentioned in the following:
1. Real-time applications:
Since SaaS applications depend on Internet connectivity, it may not work better with low Internet
speed. If data are stored far away from the end user, the latency issues may delay the data retrieval
timings. Real-time applications require fast processing of data that may not be possible with the SaaS
applications because of the dependency on high-speed Internet connectivity and latency issues.
2. Applications with confidential data:
Data security, data governance, and data compliance are always issues with SaaS applications. Since
data are stored with third-party service providers, there is no surety that our data will be safe. If the
storedconfidential datagetlost,it will make a seriouslossto the organization.Itis not recommended
to go for SaaS for applications that handle confidential data.
3. Better on-premise application:
Some of the on-premise applications might fulfill all the requirements of the organization. In such
situations, migrating to the SaaS model may not be the best option.
Pros and Cons of SaaS :
SaaS services provide the following benefits:
1. No client-side installation:
SaaS services do not require client-side installation of the software. The end users can access the
servicesdirectlyfromtheservice providerdatacenterwithoutanyinstallation.Thereisnoneedof high-
end hardware to consume SaaSservices. It can be accessed from thin clients or any handheld devices,
thus reducing the initial expenditure on buying high-end hardware.
2. Cost savings:
Since SaaS servicesfollow the utility-basedbillingorpay-as-you-gobilling,itdemandsthe endusersto
pay for what they have used. Most of the SaaS providers offer different subscription plans to benefit
differentcustomers.Sometimes,the genericSaaSservicessuchaswordprocessorsare givenforfreeto
the end users.
18. 3. Less maintenance:
SaaS services eliminate the additional overhead of maintaining the software from the client side.For
example, in the traditional software, the end user is responsible for performing bulk updates. But in
SaaS, the service provider itself maintains the automatic updates,monitoring,and other maintenance
activities of the applications.
4. Ease of access:
SaaS services can be accessed from any devicesif it is connected to the Internet. Accessibilityof SaaS
services is not restricted to any particular devices. It is adaptable to all the devices as it uses the
responsive web UI.
5. Dynamic scaling:
SaaS servicesare popularlyknownforelasticdynamicscaling.Itisverydifficultforon-premisesoftware
toprovide dynamicscalingcapabilityasitrequiresadditionalhardware.Sincethe SaaSservicesleverage
elastic resources provided by cloud computing, it can handle any type of varying loads without
disrupting the normal behavior of the application.
6. Disaster recovery:
With proper backup and recovery mechanisms, replicas are maintainedfor every SaaS services. The
replicas are distributed across many servers. If any server fails, the end user can access the SaaS from
otherservers.It eliminatesthe problemof single pointof failure.Italsoensuresthe highavailabilityof
the application.
7. Multitenancy:
Multitenancy is the ability given to the end users to share a single instance of the application.
Multitenancy increases resource utilization from the service provider side.
The following are the major problems(Drawbacks or Cons) with SaaS services:
1. Security:
Security is the major concern in migrating to SaaS application. Since the SaaS application is shared
betweenmanyendusers,there isa possibilityof dataleakage.Here,the dataare storedin the service
providerdata center.We cannot simplytrustsome third-partyservice providertostore our company-
sensitiveand confidential data.Theendusershouldbe carefulwhileselectingtheSaaSprovidertoavoid
unnecessary data loss.
2. Connectivity requirements:
SaaS applications require Internet connectivity for accessing it. Sometimes, the end user’s Internet
connectivitymightbe veryslow.In such situations,the usercannot access the serviceswithease.The
dependency on high-speed Internet connection is a major problem in SaaS applications.
3. Loss of control:
Since the dataare storedinathird-partyandoffpremise location,theenduserdoesnothaveanycontrol
over the data. The degree of control over the SaaS application and data is lesser than the on-premise
application.
19. Summary of SaaS Providers
There are many SaaS providers who provide SaaS services such as ERP, CRM, billing, document
management, and mail services.
Table gives a summary of popular SaaS vendors in the market.
Other Cloud Service Models:
Many service providersalreadystartedofferingseparateservicessuch asnetwork,desktop, database,
and storage on demand as given in the following:
1. Network as a Service (NaaS):
Naas is an ability given to the end users to access virtual network services that are provided by the
service provider. Like other cloud service models, NaaS is also a business model for delivering virtual
networkservicesoverthe Internetona pay-per-use basis.Inon-premise datacenter,the IT industries
spent a lot of money to buy network hardware to manage in-house networks. But, cloud computing
changesnetworkingservicesintoautility-basedservice.NaaSallowsnetworkarchitectstocreatevirtual
networks,virtual networkinterface cards(NICs),virtual routers,virtual switches,andothernetworking
components. Additionally, it allows the network architect to deploy custom routing protocols and
enables the design of efficient in-network services, such as data aggregation, stream processing,and
caching. Some of the popular services provided by NaaS include virtual private network (VPN),
bandwidth on demand (BoD), and mobile network virtualization.
2. Desktop as a Service (DEaaS) :
Desktop as a Service (DEaaS) isan abilitygivento the endusers to use desktop virtualizationwithout
buying and managing theirown infrastructure. DEaaS is a pay-per-use cloudservice deliverymodelin
whichthe service providermanagesthe back-endresponsibilitiesof datastorage,backup,security,and
upgrades. The end users are responsible for managing their own desktop images, applications, and
security.Accessingthe virtual desktopprovidedbythe DEaaS providerisdevice,location,andnetwork
independent.DEaaSservicesare simpletodeploy,are highlysecure,andproduce betterexperienceon
almost all devices.
3. Storage as a Service (STaaS):
20. STaaS is an ability given to the end users to store the data on the storage services provided by the
service provider. STaaS allows the end users to access the files at any time from any place.The STaaS
provider provides the virtual storage that is abstracted from the physical storage of any cloud data
center.STaaS is also a cloud businessmodel thatisdeliveredasa utility.Here,the customerscan rent
the storage from the STaaS provider.STaaSis commonlyusedasa backup storage for efficientdisaster
recovery.
4. DataBase as a Service(DBaaS):
DBaaS is an ability given to the end users to access the database service without the need to install
and maintain it. The service provider is responsible for installing and maintaining the databases. The
end users can directly access the servicesand can pay according to their usage. DBaaS automates the
database administration process. The end users can access the database services through any API or
web UIs provided by the service provider. The DBaaS eases the database administration process.
Popular examples of DBaaS include SimpleDB, DynamoDB,MongoDB as a Service, GAE datastore, and
ScaleDB.
5. Data as a Service (DaaS) :
DaaS is an ability givento the end users to access the data that are providedby the service provider
over the Internet. DaaS provides data on demand. The data may include text, images, sounds, and
videos.DaaSiscloselyrelatedtoothercloudservice modelssuchasSaaSand STaaS.DaaS can be easily
integratedwithSaaSorSTaaSforprovidingthe compositeservice.DaaSishighlyusedingeographydata
servicesandfinancial dataservices.The advantagesof DaaSinclude agility,costeffectiveness, anddata
quality.
6. Security as a Service(SECaaS):
SECaaS is an ability given to the end user to access the security service provided by the service
provider on a pay-per-use basis. In SECaaS, the service provider integrates their security services to
benefit the endusers.Generally, the SECaaS includesauthentication, antivirus, antimalware/spyware,
intrusion detection, and security event management. The security services provided by the SECaaS
providers are typically used for securing the on-premise or in-house infrastructure and applications.
Some of the SECaaS providers include Cisco, McAfee, Panda Software, Symantec, Trend Micro, and
VeriSign.
7. Authentication as a Service( IDaaS):
IDaaS is an abilitygivento the end usersto accessthe authenticationinfrastructure that is managed
and providedby the third-party service provider. The end userof IDaaS is typicallyanorganizationor
enterprise.UsingIDaaSservices,anyorganizationcaneasilymanage theiremployees’identitywithout
any additional overhead. Generally,IDaaS includes directory services,federated services,registration,
authentication services, risk and event monitoring, single sign-on services, and identity and profile
management.
8. Everything as a Service (XaaS):
Now, cloudcomputing movesto the scenario where everythingcan be givenas a service.Thiscan be
termedas Everythingas a Service (XaaS). Inthe future,we expectmanynew servicemodelstoachieve
the goal Cloud Service Models of XaaS.
XaaS may include
(1) Backup as a Service (BaaS)
(2) Communication as a Service (CaaS)
21. (3) Hadoop as a Service (HaaS)
(4) Disaster Recovery as a Service (DRaaS)
(5) Testing as a Service (TaaS)
(6) Firewall as a Service (FWaaS)
(7) Virtual Private Network as a Service (VPNaaS)
(8) Load Balancers as a Service (LBaaS)
(9) Message Queue as a Service (MQaaS)
(10) Monitoring as a Service (MaaS)