2. • Dealing with –
• Culture
• Power Bases (entrenchment)
• Leadership Styles
• Potential Solution –
• Resolved (satisficing)
• Solved (research oriented, similar to HSMC)
• Dissolved (removal – alter the environment, design
oriented……aka organizational development)
3. • Hard systems approach assumes a rational model
• Challenges w/ a rational approach
• Cultural Dimension
• Political Dimension
• Cognitive Dimension
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A soft-systems methodology to managing change
Behavior-science oriented
Focus on organizational-learning
Goal of long-term sustainability
Use of “change-agents” as facilitators of change
Emphasizes adaptability
Addresses culture and the “human” side of the organization
