This document discusses hemorrhagic conditions of the newborn, focusing on vitamin K deficiency and hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. It defines hemorrhagic disease as occurring in 1 in 200-400 neonates without vitamin K prophylaxis. It classifies the disease based on time of onset and risk factors. Symptoms include melena, hematemesis, hematuria, and bleeding from various sites. Diagnosis involves checking coagulation factors and platelet levels. Treatment involves vitamin K supplementation as well as blood or plasma transfusions for severe bleeding. Regular vitamin K doses can prevent late onset disease.
Haemorrhagic and Haemolytic of Newborn DiseasesNaqib Bajuri
actually for haemorrhagic newborn diseases, mainly focus of vit K def...the other is for revision n more commonly occur in child n adults....for haemolytic newborn disease, mainly focus on Rh disease n ABO incompatibility.....the other when childhoods
Hemorrhagic Disease Of
Newborn
by
Dr. Ravi Parthasarathy
CRMI
Department of Pediatrics
Haemorrhagic disease of
newborn
• Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is
the commonest manifestation of
vitaminK deficiency in infancy.It is also
known as vitamin k deficiency bleeding.
• Vitamin k plays a major key role in
synthesis of Clotting factors 2,7,9,10
and anticoagulant protein c&s.
Pathway
Causes
• Newborn have low vitamin K stores at
birth
• Vitamin K passes through placenta very
poorly
• Vitamin k levels are very low in breast
feed
• Gut flora not yet been developed
• Liver disease
Types
• Early onset (<24 hrs)
• Classical HDN (2-7 days)
• Late HDN (1-6 month)
Early Onset
• Onset 0-24 hrs
• Mainly due to maternal drugs that interfere
with vitamin k
(Phenobarbital,phenytoin,Warfarin,Rifampi
cin ,Isoniazid)
• Causes cephalhematoma,Subgaleal ,
Intracranial , Intraabdominal.
CLASSICAL HDN
• Onset 2-7 days
• ~2% is mainly due to if infant is not
given vitamin k
• Mainly due to Vitamin K deficiency due
to breastfeed
LATE HDN
• Onset - 1-6 month
• Mainly due to cholestasis ( Biliary
atresia, Cystic fibrosis , hepatitis)
• Bleeding site: Intracranial,GIT,ENT,
Cutaneous, Injection sites.
Investigations
• Coagulation Profile : PT/INR, apTT,
Fibrinogen
• Imaging studies: CT,MRI,USG
• LFT, Stool for ocult blood
Prevention and Management
• Early HDN : Administration of Vitamin k to
the infant at birth or 20 mg to the mother
before birth
• Classical HDN : Parenteral vitamin K at
birth
• Late HDN : Parenteral and high dose of
vitamin K oral at the time of Cholestasis or
malabsorption
• At active phase 1-5 mg of vitamin K IV
infusion can be given
• Serious bleeding May require FFP or
whole blood transfusion
• ICT may require neurological intervention.
Thanking you
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
More Related Content
Similar to Unit 8 Haemorrhagic Conditions of the Newborn_052916 - Copy - Copy.pptx
Haemorrhagic and Haemolytic of Newborn DiseasesNaqib Bajuri
actually for haemorrhagic newborn diseases, mainly focus of vit K def...the other is for revision n more commonly occur in child n adults....for haemolytic newborn disease, mainly focus on Rh disease n ABO incompatibility.....the other when childhoods
Hemorrhagic Disease Of
Newborn
by
Dr. Ravi Parthasarathy
CRMI
Department of Pediatrics
Haemorrhagic disease of
newborn
• Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is
the commonest manifestation of
vitaminK deficiency in infancy.It is also
known as vitamin k deficiency bleeding.
• Vitamin k plays a major key role in
synthesis of Clotting factors 2,7,9,10
and anticoagulant protein c&s.
Pathway
Causes
• Newborn have low vitamin K stores at
birth
• Vitamin K passes through placenta very
poorly
• Vitamin k levels are very low in breast
feed
• Gut flora not yet been developed
• Liver disease
Types
• Early onset (<24 hrs)
• Classical HDN (2-7 days)
• Late HDN (1-6 month)
Early Onset
• Onset 0-24 hrs
• Mainly due to maternal drugs that interfere
with vitamin k
(Phenobarbital,phenytoin,Warfarin,Rifampi
cin ,Isoniazid)
• Causes cephalhematoma,Subgaleal ,
Intracranial , Intraabdominal.
CLASSICAL HDN
• Onset 2-7 days
• ~2% is mainly due to if infant is not
given vitamin k
• Mainly due to Vitamin K deficiency due
to breastfeed
LATE HDN
• Onset - 1-6 month
• Mainly due to cholestasis ( Biliary
atresia, Cystic fibrosis , hepatitis)
• Bleeding site: Intracranial,GIT,ENT,
Cutaneous, Injection sites.
Investigations
• Coagulation Profile : PT/INR, apTT,
Fibrinogen
• Imaging studies: CT,MRI,USG
• LFT, Stool for ocult blood
Prevention and Management
• Early HDN : Administration of Vitamin k to
the infant at birth or 20 mg to the mother
before birth
• Classical HDN : Parenteral vitamin K at
birth
• Late HDN : Parenteral and high dose of
vitamin K oral at the time of Cholestasis or
malabsorption
• At active phase 1-5 mg of vitamin K IV
infusion can be given
• Serious bleeding May require FFP or
whole blood transfusion
• ICT may require neurological intervention.
Thanking you
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
3. HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN
Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn occurs
in I of every 200 - 400 neonates not given
vitamin K prophylaxis.
4. HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN
CLASSIFICATION
A moderate decrease in factors II, VII, IX and
X normally occurs in all newborn infants by
48-72 hour after birth, with a gradual return to
birth levels by 7-10 days of age.
5. HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN
CLASSIFICATION
This transient deficiency (classic form) of vitamin K-
dependent factors is due to lack of free vitamin K
from the mother and absence of the bacterial
intestinal flora normally responsible for the synthesis
of vitamin K.
Accentuation and prolongation of this deficiency
between the 2nd and 7th days of life result in
spontaneous and prolonged bleeding.
Hemorrhagic complications are more frequent in
breast-fed (poor source of vitamin K) than in formula-
fed infants.
6. HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN
CLASSIFICATION
Early-onset (0-24 hour) life-threatening
vitamin K deficiency induced bleeding occurs
if the mother has been treated with
phenytoin, primidone, methsuximide, or
phenobarbital.
7. HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN
CLASSIFICATION
Late onset (>2 week) is often associated
with vitamin K malabsorption (neonatal
hepatitis, biliary atresia, cystic fibrosis).
8. HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN
CLINICAL FEATURES
The most common form of bleeding is
melena (melena neonatorum); frank blood
may be passed per rectum in severe cases.
9. HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN
CLINICAL FEATURES
Hematemesis;
Hematuria;
Nasal, subgaleal, intracranial, post
circumcision, or vaginal bleeding; and
Hemorrhage from the umbilicus or into the
skin may also occur.
10. HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN
CLINICAL FEATURES
The prothrombin time (PT), clotting time, and
partial thromboplastin time are prolonged.
11. HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN
CLINICAL FEATURES
The levels of vitamin K dependent
coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X
(Thrombotest) are significantly reduced.
12. HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN
Vitamin K facilitates post-transcriptional
carboxylation of factors II, VII, IX, and X. In
the absence of carboxylation, such factors
form PIVKA (protein induced in vitamin K
absence), which is a sensitive marker for
vitamin K status.
The platelet level is normal.
13. HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN
DIFFERENTIATE DIAGNOSIS
Factor VII and IX deficiency (only 5-35%
cases become clinically apparent in the
newborn period), DIC,
The swallowed blood syndrome (blood from
maternal source, contains adult hemoglobin,
promptly change to alkaline hematin with
alkali, Apt test-yellow-brown).
14. HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN
TREATMENT
1. Vitamin K, (phytomenadione) 1-5 mg, IM or
IV in a single dose.
2. If there is active bleeding or PT is greatly
prolonged, 10 ml/kg fresh frozen plasma with an
IV dose of 1 mg of vitamin K is given.
3. In cases where blood loss is severe and
sudden, transfusion of fresh blood (20 ml/kg) is
life-saving.
4. Vitamin K,, I mg/wk for the first 3 months of
life, may prevent late hemorrhagic disease of
newborn.