Unit 3 pp #4
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The document discusses the goals of the Convention on Biological Diversity which are to conserve biodiversity, sustainably use its components, and share benefits from genetic resources. It notes over 100,000 plant and animal species have been lost in the last 5 years and habitat loss is the biggest threat currently. Deforestation has increased since the Rio Earth Summit. It then provides background on biodiversity threats, extinction rates, differences between endangered and threatened species, and lists habitat loss as the greatest threat.
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![GOALS OF CONVENTION ON BIODIVERSITY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ The conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources” “ Biodiversity is a common concern of humankind and an integral part of the development process”](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Unit 3 pp #6
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Unit 3 pp #6
1. In 1665, Robert Hooke used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork and saw compartments that he called "cells", which resembled monks' living quarters.
2. In 1673, Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe living organisms under a microscope.
3. In 1838 and 1839 respectively, Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann concluded that all plants and animals are composed of cells.
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Unit 3 pp #7 7th grade
Energy is involved in all interactions of matter and cannot be created or destroyed. There are different types of energy including potential, kinetic, and thermal energy. Physical changes like phase changes alter the thermal energy of a substance, while chemical changes rearrange atoms and can be either exothermic, releasing energy, or endothermic, absorbing energy. Most processes increase disorder and entropy over time.
Unit 3 pp #3
The document discusses different types of natural resources including renewable resources like soil, water, plants, and animals and nonrenewable resources like fossil fuels, metals, and minerals. It also discusses human, capital, and energy resources. Some key points are:
- Renewable resources can replenish themselves while nonrenewable resources are limited and will run out over time.
- Resources are unevenly distributed globally, which can lead to economic interdependence, conflict, or imperialism between countries.
- How a society uses its resources depends on cultural values and priorities like economic development or environmental conservation.
- New technologies can create new demands for certain resources like computers increasing demand for skilled labor.
Unit 3 pp #8 7th grade
The document discusses different heating and cooling systems. It describes how hot-water and warm-air heating systems work, and how insulation reduces heat transfer. It also explains that solar heating systems use energy from the sun. Heat engines are described as machines that transform heat into work, with examples of external combustion engines like steam engines and internal combustion engines like car engines. Cooling systems are also outlined, noting they require electricity to power compressors that move refrigerant to condense and cool an area. Thermal pollution from excess heat released into bodies of water by power plants is briefly mentioned.
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Unit 3 pp #2 6th grade
Mechanical and chemical weathering shape the Earth's surface by breaking down rocks. Mechanical weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces through physical processes like ice wedging, abrasion by wind and water, and plant and animal activity. Chemical weathering breaks rocks down through chemical reactions, such as those involving water, acids, and oxygen. The rate of weathering depends on factors like the rock type, surface area exposed, climate, elevation, and slope of terrain. Over long periods of time, differential weathering leaves more resistant rock formations behind.
Unit 3 pp #6 7th grade
The document discusses various examples of energy conversions and transfers. It provides examples such as a skateboarder converting potential to kinetic energy and back again, a rubber band converting stored potential energy to kinetic energy on release, and plants converting sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis. It also discusses how energy is transferred but never lost in closed systems, with examples like roller coasters, where mechanical energy is transferred to thermal and sound energy due to friction.
Unit 3 pp #9
Cellular transport can occur through energy-less diffusion or active transport processes. Diffusion is the passive movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration down a concentration gradient. Osmosis is a type of diffusion where water moves through a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water potential to lower water potential. Active transport requires energy and transports materials against a concentration gradient using carrier proteins. Carrier proteins change shape to transport particles across the membrane before regaining their original shape. Endocytosis and exocytosis also involve transport of materials across the membrane through vacuole formation and vesicle transport.
Unit 3 pp #2, #3, and #4 7th grade
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. Higher temperatures indicate higher kinetic energy. Thermometers can measure temperature changes because substances expand with increasing temperature. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects due to a temperature difference. Thermal energy can be transferred through conduction, convection, or radiation. Changes in states of matter and chemical changes both involve the transfer of heat. Energy is constantly being transferred and transformed within systems and the environment.
Unit 3 pp #1 6th grade
Energy is the ability to do work or cause change. There are many forms of energy including kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion, and potential energy, which is stored energy due to an object's position or shape. When one object exerts a force on another, energy is transferred through work. In a closed system like a roller coaster, the total energy remains constant although it is converted between kinetic, potential, thermal, and sound energy due to friction and other forces.
Unit 3 pp #2
Florida is vulnerable to agricultural threats due to its climate and role as a major agricultural producer. It has a $6.2 billion agricultural industry and is the top US producer of many winter crops. The document outlines how Florida's tropical climate allows many invasive species to thrive, including plants like melaleuca and animals like pythons and monkeys. It also details Florida's concentrated animal agriculture areas and how its dense human and tourist populations could spread threats.
Unit 3 pp #1 7th grade
The document defines energy as the ability to do work, where work is done when a force causes an object to move. It describes different types of energy including kinetic energy from motion, potential energy from position or height, mechanical energy from a combination of kinetic and potential, thermal energy from particle motion, chemical energy from bonds, electrical from moving electrons, sound from vibrations, light as electromagnetic waves, and nuclear from atomic nuclei reactions. Energy and work are measured in joules and energy can be transferred when work is done to cause motion.
Unit 3 pp #1 7th grade
The document defines energy as the ability to do work, where work is done when a force causes an object to move. It describes different forms of energy including kinetic energy from motion, potential energy from position or height, mechanical energy from a combination of kinetic and potential, thermal energy from particle motion, chemical energy from bonds, electrical from moving electrons, sound from vibrations, light as electromagnetic waves, and nuclear from atomic nuclei reactions. Energy and work are measured in joules and energy can be transferred when work is done to cause motion.
Unit 3 pp #5
Global climate change refers to identifiable changes in Earth's climate over an extended period of time, usually due to human activities that release greenhouse gases. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was created by the UN to provide policymakers with objective information about climate change based on scientific literature. Data shows that global temperatures have increased since the late 19th century, ice and snow are melting, and sea levels and greenhouse gas levels are rising. Most observed changes are very likely due to human-caused greenhouse gas emissions.
Unit 3 pp #3 6th grade
This document discusses Florida's land and freshwater resources across three sections. Section 1 describes Florida's major ecological communities including woodland forests, dry prairies, wetlands and beaches. Section 2 focuses on groundwater, noting that aquifers provide nearly 90% of Florida's drinking water and the Floridan Aquifer is one of the largest in the world. Wells and springs are discussed. Section 2 also covers threats to groundwater such as overwithdrawal, saltwater intrusion and pollution. Section 3 examines the location of groundwater, describing the zone of aeration and zone of saturation, as well as the water table. Cave formation and sinkholes are also summarized.
Unit 3 pp #6 6th grade
Over 240 million years ago, Florida and northwest Africa were connected as part of the supercontinent Pangaea. They separated around 200 million years ago as the Atlantic Ocean formed. Similar rock types are found in both areas. More recently, Florida was covered by shallow seas where limestone accumulated from marine organisms over millions of years, forming the thick Florida Platform. During ice ages over the past 1.8 million years, sea levels rose and fell, sometimes covering and sometimes exposing the platform and shaping Florida's landscape. The Florida Keys began forming from coral reefs about 1.8 million years ago.
Unit 3 pp #5 6th grade
Wind erosion involves the processes of saltation, deflation, and abrasion. Saltation is the bouncing movement of sand grains caused by wind, which knock other grains into movement. Deflation is the removal of fine particles by wind, leaving behind heavier fragments. Abrasion is the grinding and wearing away of rock surfaces by wind-blown particles. Loess deposits are fine-grained sediments transported and deposited by wind over long distances. Dunes form as wind deposits sand, creating obstacles that are buried and form mounds. Gravity causes mass movement of material down slopes. Rapid movements include rock falls, landslides, mudflows, and lahars while creep is a slow mass movement.
Unit 3 pp #7
1. The document discusses the structure and function of cells, including the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as animal, plant, and bacterial cells.
2. All cells contain a cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes, while eukaryotic cells also contain a nucleus and organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, the endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
3. The document covers various cell parts and their functions, types of cell movement, and how cells transport materials across the cell membrane.
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This document discusses biodiversity and its importance. It begins by defining biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It then outlines the main types of biodiversity and describes species, genetic, and ecosystem/community diversity. Hotspots of biodiversity are defined as regions with high endemism and threat levels. Two biodiversity hotspots in India are mentioned. Threats to biodiversity like habitat loss and degradation are discussed. The values of biodiversity including medicinal, agricultural and ecological benefits are summarized. Conservation efforts aim to protect ecosystems and species for current and future human benefit.
Threats to biological diversity
The document discusses various threats to biological diversity, including:
1) Habitat loss and degradation from human activities like agriculture, deforestation, pollution, and climate change which drive many species to extinction.
2) Overexploitation of natural resources and overharvesting of species beyond sustainable levels.
3) Introduction of exotic invasive species which outcompete and prey upon native species, especially threatening island ecosystems. Loss of species leads to impoverished ecosystems and permanent loss of genetic diversity.
Lecture 11 biodiversity
This chapter discusses biodiversity issues including the loss of biodiversity and extinction of species. It describes biodiversity in terms of genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. The value of biodiversity is explained from biological, economic, and intrinsic perspectives. Major threats to biodiversity are habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, and persecution of pest species. About 40% of the world's land has been converted for agriculture and pasture, contributing to deforestation and threatening many species.
Biodiversity conservation
This document discusses biodiversity and the threats facing it. It defines biodiversity as including all organisms, species, populations, and their genetic variation. Biodiversity exists at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. The document estimates that there are millions of species but many remain undiscovered. Natural processes can cause extinction, but the current rate is much higher than in the past due to human threats like habitat destruction, overexploitation, invasive species, pollution, climate change and more. India is a megadiverse country facing severe threats and has established protected areas and laws to promote conservation.
Biodiversity conservation final [compatibility mode]
This document discusses biodiversity and the threats facing it. It defines biodiversity as including all organisms, species, populations, and their genetic variation. Biodiversity exists at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. The document estimates that there are millions of species but many remain undiscovered. Natural processes can cause extinction, but the current rate is much higher than in the past due to human threats like habitat destruction, overexploitation, invasive species, pollution, climate change and more. India is a megadiverse country facing severe threats and has established protected areas and laws to promote conservation.
conservingbiodiversity-160611135811.pptx
The document discusses biodiversity in the Philippines, including:
- The Philippines has extremely high biodiversity and is considered a global hotspot. It ranks highly in terms of endemic species.
- However, Philippine biodiversity is facing major threats like deforestation, climate change, invasive species, and illegal wildlife trade. Deforestation rates remain high.
- Humans both contribute to biodiversity loss but also have the potential to be part of the solution through conservation efforts. Schools and youth can help promote biodiversity conservation through education and activities.
Philippine Biodiversity: Issues, Challenges, and Initiatives
Credits of the presentation are to the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
This presentation was included in the event kit of Green Bloggers Forum, held 7 June 2016 at the Cocoon Boutique Hotel, QC, Philippines. The DENR authorized all bloggers and participants to promote the information and materials during the event.
U3.5 Biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the variety of living species on Earth. It has both instrumental value through benefits like food, medicine, and ecosystem services, as well as intrinsic value as living things. However, biodiversity is declining worldwide due to threats like habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, overpopulation, and overexploitation. At the current extinction rate, which is 100-1000 times the past average rate, many species are threatened including 23% of mammals and 12% of birds. The main drivers of this loss are habitat loss, invasive species, pollution from many sources, human overpopulation putting pressure on natural systems, and overharvesting of certain species. Failure to address these threats could lead to collapse of ecosystems and loss of
Biodiversity
This document discusses biodiversity and its types, including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It defines biodiversity as the variety of plants, animals and organisms within an ecosystem. The three main types of biodiversity are then explained in detail. Threats to biodiversity such as habitat loss, climate change, and poaching are outlined. Examples are given of species that have been negatively impacted. The document concludes with discussing conservation efforts and the current threatened status of many species.
Biodiversity (2)
The document discusses biodiversity at various levels from genes to ecosystems. It notes that India contains 8.1% of the world's biodiversity despite having only 2.4% of the land area. Biodiversity is declining rapidly due to threats like habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, population growth, overexploitation, and climate change. Conservation efforts include both in situ conservation of species within protected areas as well as ex situ conservation in zoos, botanical gardens, seed banks, and wildlife sanctuaries. Maintaining biodiversity preserves ecosystem services and benefits human welfare.
Threats to biodiversity and endangered animals
Biodiversity is threatened by both natural and human-caused factors. Natural threats include small population sizes and natural disasters, while anthropogenic threats such as habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, and overexploitation are the primary drivers of species endangerment and extinction. Conservation efforts aim to protect habitats, control threats, and recover endangered species populations to prevent further biodiversity loss.
Chapt11 lecture
The document discusses biodiversity and species conservation. It defines biodiversity and species concepts, outlines threats like habitat loss and overharvesting, and describes approaches to endangered species management including the Endangered Species Act, captive breeding programs, and international wildlife treaties. Key challenges include the high number of unidentified species, accelerating extinction rates, and balancing conservation with economic interests.
Population Ecology
This document discusses various factors that affect population size, including abiotic factors like temperature and biotic factors like predators. It describes different population characteristics such as range, density, growth rates, and survivorship curves. The main factors influencing population growth are discussed, such as carrying capacity, exponential versus logistic growth models, and density-dependent limiting factors that regulate population size.
Biodiversity and conservation
This document discusses biodiversity at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. It provides examples of species diversity, such as the large number of ant and beetle species. Drivers of biodiversity loss include habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, and coextinctions. Conservation approaches involve both in situ methods like biosphere reserves, and ex situ techniques like seed banks and wildlife parks. International agreements aim to reduce biodiversity loss globally by 2010.
Biodiversity and Human Population Growth
This contains a powerpoint lecture (41 slides) on how human population growth affects biodiversity and endangered species.
Threats to biodiversity
1) Estimates of total global biodiversity vary considerably due to limitations in scientific research, but the current rate of species loss is far greater than historically due to human activities like habitat destruction and pollution.
2) Key drivers of species extinction include habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, overharvesting, and human-caused climate change. Tropical regions face particular threats due to conflicts between conservation and economic development.
3) Maintaining biodiversity requires preserving complex, functioning ecosystems and limiting human-driven factors like the introduction of diseases, agricultural practices, overpopulation and overexploitation of natural resources.
Extinction ppt student template
The document discusses natural extinction versus accelerated or human-caused extinction. It notes that 99.999% of all species that have ever lived are now extinct, with natural extinction occurring through environmental disturbances, while accelerated extinction is caused by human activities like hunting, agriculture, habitat destruction, pollution, and international trade. It states that the current rate of extinction is 50,000+ species every 5-10 years, and if nothing is done 1/3 of all living things may be lost within 30 years. The document lists characteristics of extinction-prone species and questions if the reader with those traits is doomed.
Lecture 5 (1)
The document discusses trends in species extinction and how human activities are accelerating extinction rates. The main points are:
1) The current extinction rate is 100 times the historical background rate and is projected to increase to 10,000 times by 2100 due to habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, climate change and overexploitation from human activities.
2) International treaties and national laws like the U.S. Endangered Species Act aim to protect threatened species by regulating trade and designating protected areas, but more funding is needed for recovery plans.
3) We can help reduce extinction rates by establishing more wildlife refuges and protected areas, supporting gene banks and zoos, and adopting sustainable practices to reduce our impact
Similar to Unit 3 pp #4 (20)
Biodiversity conservation final [compatibility mode]
Biodiversity conservation final [compatibility mode]
Philippine Biodiversity: Issues, Challenges, and Initiatives
Philippine Biodiversity: Issues, Challenges, and Initiatives
Unit 3 pp #4
- 10. ENDANGERED VS THREATENED Threatened: population low but extinction less imminent Endangered: nos so low that extinction imminent
- 13. BIODIVERSITY http://www.nesarc.org/ http://www.stopextinction.org/ http://www.audubon.org/campaign/esa/esa.html http://endangered.fws.gov/