4. Task 1 Leisure Activities — The variety of leisure activities Leisure activities can help to relax. Work in groups to make a list of the things you do for fun in your leisure time. Choose 3 items as the most popular ones.
5. doing some sports, going to Karaoke bars, playing cards, going to movies, watching TV, playing computer games, dancing, collecting stamps, collecting coins, going to the pub, traveling, listening to music, reading novels, going to a concert, going to theatres and museums, going shopping Task 1
6. Obviously people’s tastes vary depending on their personality and their age. Some may prefer outdoor activities, while others may choose indoor activities. Make a group of two and debate on them. Leisure Activities — Outdoor Vs. Indoor Activities Task 1 …… …… negative …… Indoor activities …… positive Outdoor activities
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8. Task 2 Laughter － Crosstalk Cross-talk is very popular in China. You can listen to it everywhere. Its popularity lies in its humorous language, the performers’ quick wits, their funny gestures and their presentation skills. Another reason is that the subject of cross-talk is close to real life so that it resonates （共鸣） with the audience.
9. Laughter － Crosstalk Task 2 Performance: Find a partner and try to make up a piece of crosstalk in English. Perform it in the class. Choose 3 best groups to be the winners.
10. Task 2 Laughter － The stand-up comic Similar to our Chinese Crosstalk, Americans also have the stand-up comic or comedian, who stands alone in front of the audience and tells jokes to make audience burst into laughter. He does all kinds of accents, he can do jokes, he could be a stand-up comic. Watch the video clip and tell the difference between crosstalk and the stand-up comic talk show.
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12. Task 3 Humor － The Composition Class Directions: Listen to an English joke and tell where the humor lies in.
13. Task 3 Humor － The Composition Class The students in the composition class were assigned the task of writing an essay on " the most beautiful thing I ever saw." The student who, of all the members of the class seemed the least sensitive to beauty, handed in his paper first with astonishing speed. It was short and to the point. He had written: "The most beautiful thing I ever saw was too beautiful for words." Script
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17. Work in pairs to answer the following questions. Several students enjoyed his joke so much that they fell out of their chairs laughing, but the rest of the students showed no interests and they looked as if he’d just read the weather report. How did the students respond when the author told a joke in a class? Sample
18. Yes. Some animals have a sense of humor just as human beings do. For example, the author’s dog, Blitzen, used to tease the author’s mother-in-law by selectively carrying one of her bedroom slippers into the living room where Grandma sat in her favorite, comfortable chair. When Grandma got up from the chair to get the slipper from Blitzen, Blitzen would quickly jump into the chair, occupying grandma’s seat. Then he smiled at her, which seemed to mean that he had fooled Grandma again. Do animals have a sense of humor? Can you give an example? Sample
19. What are the common types of humor mentioned in the text? Which types do you like better? Sample The most common types of humor mentioned in the text are: slap-stick, a play on words, puns and double-entendres. Of all these I personally prefer “slap-stick”, for the language is simple and direct. It often makes fun of another person and appeals to all ages and cultures.
20. Do you think humor is an important quality for a person or a key to getting along with others? Please explain your answer. Sample Yes. I think so. I like to be with humorous people because they can make me laugh when I am unhappy. They can change an awkward situation and help people get rid of embarrassment by making everybody laugh. With such people, life becomes more interesting and enjoyable. Therefore humorous people are like sunshine and are very popular with others.
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22. Humor is universal, but people’s sense of humor varies. (Para. 1-3) Even animals have a sense of humor. The author’s dog is a good example. (Para. 4)
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24. Humor will persist even though some professional humorists think today’s humor is not very intelligent or sophisticated. (Para. 13)
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26. But, what is it that makes a story or a joke funny? (Line 2) 本句为强调句型的疑问句，用于强调句子中的主语。 那么， 到底是什么东西 使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑呢？ 语法训练 译 文
27. Why is it that several students in a class will fall out of their chairs laughing after I tell a joke while the rest of the students look as if I’ve just read the weather report? (Line 10) 本句为强调句型的特殊疑问句，用于强调原因状语。句中 it 是形式主语， that 引导真实主语从句。 句中的两个并列真实主语是 several students… 和 the rest of the students… 两个主语从句。 laughing after I tell a joke 是现在分词短语做伴随状语修饰 several students 。 译 文 语法训练
28. Example 为什么 每次我有重要约会时，脸上都会冒出一个很大的青春痘呢？ Why is it that every time I have a hot date, I break out with a big zit on my face? 嗯……这个工作最让你感兴趣的方面 是什么 呢？ Hmm, what is it that interests you most about the job? 你上一次看见她是 多久以前 的事 ? How long ago is it that you last saw her ？
29. Why is it that several students in a class will fall out of their chairs laughing after I tell a joke while the rest of the students look as if I’ve just read the weather report? (Line 10) 为什么 听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？ 译 文
30. no less （ than ） : quite as…as 和 ……一样， 不少于，不亚于。 译 文 The joke is no less funny because it is so often used. (Line 49) 句型应用
31. Example 她和从前 一样活跃 。 She is no less active than she used to be. 一个动物 , 即使是一只小昆虫 , 对疼痛的敏感程度也不比人类少 。 An animal, even a small insect, is no less sensible to pain than man .
33. How come : How did it happen ( that ) 为非正式用语，用于询问，意思是“为什么？ 是 怎么回事？”，并表示惊讶。 译 文 “ How come you completely copied somebody else’s homework?” (Line 66) 句型应用
34. Example 他第一次去那儿时 怎么 没有人发现呢？ How come nobody found out the first time he went there? 没有自行车的广告， 这是怎么回事 ？ How come there are no commercials for bicycles? 如果那是事实， 为什么 那么多聪明人 会 有笨孩子呢？ If that’s true, how come so many smart people have stupid children?
35. 你 为什么 一字不改地抄别人的作业？ “ How come you completely copied somebody else’s homework?” (Line 66) 译 文
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37. universal (adj.) (Line1, Para1) 1) relating to everyone in the world or everyone in a particular group or society 普遍的 , 全体的 Karaoke provides universal entertainment. 卡拉 OK 提供了 大众化的 娱乐。 Translation SARS and bird flu have once caused universal panic. 非典和禽流感曾经引起过 普遍的 恐慌。
38. 2) true or suitable in every situation 通用的；万能的 a universal instrument 万能仪 a universal meter 通用电表 名词形式： universe 宇宙
39. humor (n.) (Line 4, Para. 2) (capacity to cause or feel) amusement 幽默；诙谐 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise 中央电视台节目主持人李咏 很有幽默感 。 CCTV’s host Li Yong ______________________. 他正在写一本 幽默小说 。 He is writing __________________. a novel full of humor has a great sense of humor
40. 词汇扩充 humorous (adj.) (Line 21, Para. 5) 幽默的 humorless (adj.) (Line 19, Para. 3) 缺乏幽默感的 humorist (n.) (Line 65, Para. 10) 幽默 ( 作 ) 家 , 有敏锐幽默感的人 请用 humorous , humorless 或 humorist 填空。 Exercise I think actor Guo Donglin is rather _________. humorous We all view his father as a ________. humorist Being _________ is unacceptable in the business talks with American people. humorless
41. sense (n.) (Line 16, Para.3) 1) good practical understanding and judgment 见识；判断力；领悟（常与 of 连用） His father has a strong sense of duty . 他的父亲是一个 责任感很强 的人。 Translation 在儿童时代就培养 是非感 是相当重要的。 Cultivating the moral sense in the childhood is quite important.
42. 2) a way in which a person can know about the physical world, for example, through sight or hearing 官能；感官 （如视觉，听觉，嗅觉，味觉及触觉） That agent has a keen sense of hearing . 那位特工 ( agent ) 听觉敏锐 。 Translation As we know, dogs have a good sense of smell . 如我们所知，狗的 嗅觉很灵敏 。
43. sense (v.) (Line 94, Para.12) to have a feeling about something without being told directly 感觉到，觉察到，意识到 She sensed that her suggestions were unwelcome. 她 发觉 自己的建议不受欢迎。 Translation 奥运冠军郭晶晶能够 感受到 一些记者的问题并不友 好。 Olympic champion Guo Jingjing could sense that some reporters’ questions were not friendly.
44. trigger (Line 18, Para. 3) (v.) to start a chain of events; be the immediate cause of (sth. serious or violent) 触发，引发，为 （某严重或暴力的事件的）直接原因 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise Kashmir issue incessantly _________________ ________ between India and Pakistan. 克什米尔问题不断 激起 印巴之间的 武装冲突 。 This incident may ___________________. 这一事件可能会 引起连锁反应 。 trigger a chain reaction triggers (off) armed conflicts
45. (n.) lever for releasing a spring, esp. of a firearm ( 释放弹簧的 ) 扳柄； ( 枪的 ) 扳机；引爆器 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise James Bond _______________________________ but failed in the end. 007 试图伸手去够引爆器 ，但没有成功。 ___________________ is made from a particular material. 那把手枪的扳机 是由一种特殊材料制作的。 The trigger of that gun tried to reach his hand for the trigger
46. focus (n.) (Line 21, Para. 3) point at which interests, tendencies, etc., meet 兴趣，趋势等的中心；焦点 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise Many scientists were trying to find _____________ __________. 很多科学家都在全力寻找 震源 。 Yao Ming’s wonderful performance in NBA enables him to become ______________________ ________. 姚明在 NBA 的精彩表现使得他成为 篮球迷们关 注的焦点 。 the focus of basketball fans’ the focus of the attention earthquake
47. (vt & vi.) concentrate 集中；使集中于焦点 You should focus your mind on work . 你应该 把精力放在工作上 。 Translation 台湾当局应该 更多地关注 如何改善与祖国大陆的 关系。 The Taiwan authority is supposed to focus more attention on how to improve its relationship with the Chinese mainland.
48. mutual (adj.) (Line 25, Para. 4) 1) shared by two people and directed towards each other (used of feeling) 相互的 , 彼此的 ( 指感情 ) 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise __________________________ helped the players of the Chinese women’s volleyball team achieve the victory in the final. 互相的支持和鼓励 帮助中国女排的队员取得了决赛 的胜利。 宽恕源于 彼此的理解 。 Forgiveness is due to ___________________. mutual understanding Mutual support and inspiration
49. 2) shared by two or more people 共同的 , 共有的 Mutual efforts are the key to success. 共同的努力 是成功的关键。 Translation 她们发现她们对蔡依林的歌 有着 共同的兴趣 。 They found that they had a mutual interest in Jolin Tsai’s ( Cai Yilin ) songs.
50. tempt (v.) (Line 28, Para. 4) 1) to try to persuade someone to do something which maybe unwise or immoral 引诱 , 诱惑 常用结构： be tempted to do sth. 某人被诱惑（诱骗）做某事 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise That old man was ___________________________ ________________________. 那个老人正在 劝诱一些年轻人加入那个神秘的组织 。 tempting some teenagers to join that mysterious organization That boy _____________ become a thief. 那个男孩儿 受人诱骗 而成了一名小偷。 was tempted to
51. 2) try to persuade someone to do something by making it seem attractive 吸引 , 引起……的兴趣 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise The fine weather and beautiful scenery ____________________. 不错的天气和美丽的景色 吸引着我们到户外去 。 tempted us to go outside
52. The enterprises and research institutes in Western countries always________________________ with attractive salary and working conditions. 西方国家的企业和研究机构总是用优厚的薪水和优 越的工作条件 吸引中国的年轻人才 。 tempt Chinese young talents 名词形式： temptation 诱惑物；有诱惑的东西 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise
53. present (adj.) / ’ preznt/ (Line 36, Para. 5) 1) in a particular place at a particular time 出席的；在场的 Translation 开幕式举行的时候你 在场 吗？ Were you present at the opening ceremony? How many people were present at the meeting? 会议有多少人 出席 ？
54. 请掌握以下常见表达。 现政府 the present government 在目前 at the present time (day) 当前的形势 the present situation 现存的社会制度 the present social system 2) the time that is happening 现在的；现存的（做定语）
55. v. /pri’zent/ (1) to give something to someone, esp. at an official ceremony 赠给；献给； 呈递 The students presented flowers to their teacher. 学生们给老师 献花。 Translation 她负责向委员会 提出申请 。 She is responsible for presenting the application to the committee.
56. (2) to be the cause of a problem or difficulty ( present sb with sth ) 引起问题或困难 利息下降 给公司带来了一个新问题 。 Falling interests rates present the firm with a new problem . Translation 那位关键队员的突然受伤 让主教练感到非常头疼 。 That key player’s sudden injury presented the head coach with a big headache . (n.) /’preznt/ gift 礼物；赠品
57. technique (Line 43, Para. 7) (n.) (a) skill in doing something practical, artistic, or connected with sport 技巧，方法 Translation If you want to learn to paint, I suggest you study Raphael’s techniques . 如果你想学习绘画的话，我建议你去学习拉菲尔的 绘画技巧 。 她请新钢琴老师协助提高自己的 演奏技巧 。 She is working with her new piano teacher to improve her technique .
58. 词义辨析 technology (n.) the branch of knowledge or activity dealing with scientific and industrial methods and their practical use in industry （科学和工业的技术） chemical technology 化学工艺学 science and technology 科学和技术 the manned space technology 载人航天技术 Translation
59. value (n.) (Line 51, Para. 7) 1) regard highly; have a high opinion of 看重 ；重视 Translation 对于健康和财富，你更 看 重 哪一个？ Which do you value most, wealth or health? I’ve always valued your friendship/their suggestions. 我很 珍惜 你的友情 / 重视他们的建议。
60. (2) to calculate how much money something is worth 估……的价格；评价 The necklace has been valued at $8000. 这条项链 被估价为 8000 美元。 Translation If you want to sell your car you ought to have it valued . 如果你想卖掉你的汽车，你应该找人为它 估个价 。
61. 词义辨析 valueless (adj.) without value; worthless 无价值的；无用的 valuable (adj.) of great value, worth or use 有很大价值的；贵重的；很有用的 invaluable (adj.) of value too high to be measured 价值高到无法估量的； 无价的
62. Exercise Her words proved __________ for me to complete my task successfully. invaluable The metal looked like gold, but in fact it was _________. valueless Talking with him is a waste of my ________ time. valuable 请用 valueless , valuable 或 invaluable 填空。
63. variation (n.) (Line 87, Para. 12) a change in degree, amount, or quantity 变更 , 变化 , 变异 , 变种 Translation 我们必须密切注意速度的 变化 。 We must keep a close watch at the variations in speed. 澳大利亚英语实际上是英国英语的一个 变种 。 The Australian English is actually one of the variations of the British English.
64. variety (n.) difference in quantity, type, or character 多样化，指一类当中的多样或多 种（常用结构 a variety of=various 各 种各样的；种种） 我们应该尽量 使 我们的表演 变得丰富多彩 。 We should try to give variety to our performance. Translation 在那个展览会上可以看到 各种 各样的 钻石制品。 A variety of diamond products can be seen at the exhibition. 词义辨析
65. variable (n.) something that can vary in quantity or size 变数 , 可变物 , 变量 由于诸多 变数 的存在，很难预测选举的结果。 There are too many variables to predict the result of the election. Translation 比赛的胜利依赖于包括天气在内的很多 因素 。 The victory of the match depends on a number of variables , such as the weather.
66. Exercise The result of the match relies on lots of ________. variables There was a _______ of dishes on the menu. variety The ________ of temperature today is 10 degrees. variation 请用 variation , variety 或 variable 填空。
67. clarification (n.) (Line 95, Para. 12) added information to make something easier to understand 澄清；阐明 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise They asked for ________________ of the statements of the company. 他们要求得到关于公司声明的 进一步的解释 。 further clarification That newspaper _________________ of the incorrect statements about the effect of that medicine on its front page. 那家报纸在其头版 澄清了 对于那种药效的错误的声明。 printed clarifications
68. clarify (v.) make something easier to understand by explaining it more fully 澄清；阐明；使……明白 It is the policemen’s responsibility to clarify matters . 澄清真相 是警察的责任。 Translation You are supposed to clarify your stand at the meeting. 你必须在会上 阐明 自己的立场。
69. persist (vi.) (Line 102, Para. 13) to continue to exist; last 继续存在 高山顶上，积雪 终年不化 。 On the top of very high mountains snow persists throughout a year . Translation 雾 还有几天才能散 ，所以提醒司机谨慎驾驶。 Fog will persist for several days , so drivers are warned to be careful.
70. (2) (-in) to continue doing something with determination in spite of opposition 坚持； 执意 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise 如果你的弟弟 继续制造麻烦 ，公司就不得不解雇他。 If your brother ______________________, the company may have to dismiss him. persists in causing trouble The US president George. W. Bush _________ _________________ to Iraq. 美国总统布什 坚持派更多军队 前往伊拉克。 persists in sending more troops
71. persistence (n.) persisting or being persistent 坚持；固执；持续；存留 他表现出很大的 毅力 ，最终他们不得不给了他那份 工作。 He showed such persistence that they finally had to give him a job. Translation 他们终于同意继续谈判，这是他 坚持不懈 的结果。 His persistence was rewarded when they finally agreed to resume discussions.
72. 形容词形式： persistent adj. persisting, continuing, occurring again and again 坚持的；固执的；持续的；一再发生的 词义辨析 insist 和 persist 这两个动词短语都有“坚持”的意思，它们之间的区 别是： 1 ） insist “ 坚决主张”或“要求”，指坚持自己的 观点不容拒绝或反对；（ 如果后接宾语从句要用 虚拟语气 ） persist 则指不顾别人的劝告、反对、 或 “不 畏困难继续做某事”和“继续存在”的意思。 2 ）后边搭配的介词不同 ( insist on; persist in )
73. Exercise The cold weather will _______ for the rest of the week. persist She always _________ the importance of being punctual ( 严格守时的，准时的 ) . insists on I _______ he come with us. insisted 请用 insist 或 persist 填空。 Mary __________ singing although her friends asked her not to. persisted in
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76. It has been a labor of love. I fooled you again. Some people have a better sense of humor than others just as some people have more musical talent. 这出于自己的喜好。 你又上了我的当。 有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更有音乐天赋一样。 It appeals to all ages and all cultures. 它广为不同年龄和不同文化背景的人所喜爱。
77. Nearly every comedian has used the following joke in one form or another. Cross-talk can be heard anywhere from small village stages to the largest Beijing theaters, and to radio and television. 几乎每一位滑稽说笑演员都以这样或那样的方式讲过下面这个笑话。 无论是在乡村的舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，或是在广播、电视上， 随处都能听到相声。
78. Ding Cong is a master of word play. 丁聪是位调皮话大师。 I don’t think humor is to be blamed for that. 我认为这不是幽默的过错。
85. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: How College Students Spend Their Leisure Time . In your composition, you should use at least six words or phrases from the box below: leisure activities popularity personality gender pursuing entertaining relaxation limited take one’s mind away appeal to bury one’s head in piles of books
86. How College Students Spend Their Leisure Time When we take a look at leisure activities of college students, we find the popularity of pastimes varies according to personality, gender , and financial situations. Some students like to spend their leisure time pursuing their hobbies indoors. Others look for outdoor relaxation , even taking part in such adventurous activities as rock climbing or bungee jumping.
87. Generally speaking, male students are fond of participating in sports, playing computer games, surfing on the Internet, and watching kung-fu movies, while female students love chit-chatting, shopping, watching soap opera, and knitting （编织） . If they can afford it, some students will go to pop stars’ concerts, take picnic, or invite some friends over for a dinner or a party.
88. All these activities are entertaining and appealing to students because of their curiosities and their desires to escape from the limited world of the classroom. As a form of relaxation , leisure activities take their mind away from academic pressure. As an English proverb goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” After recreational activities, students usually will feel relaxed, more refreshed, and ready to start stressful school work.
89. However, for some students, learning is a full-time job, and they even invest their leisure time studying. They like to bury their heads in piles of books , ignoring everything else. They have a sense of achievement from reading novels, working on papers, preparing for tough tests such as the Graduate Entrance Exam, GRE, TOEFL, GMAT or IELTS. Though these students have no time for entertainment , they believe spending leisure time studying is a pleasure of mind.
90. I. [ TOEFL 作文题目 ] Directions: You will have thirty minutes to plan and write an essay on the topic given below. Use the first few minutes to read the topic carefully and think about what kind of essay you will write. You may use the space immediately below the essay topic to make notes. Write your essay on the lined pages that follow. You will have enough space if you write on every line and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. Some students participate in school activities such as clubs and sports. Other students do not take part in such activities because they spend more time on their studies. Tell why you think the two groups of students spend their time differently? Which type of students do you prefer to be?
91. II. [ IELTS 作文题目 ] You should spend no more than 40 minutes on this task. In the United Kingdom some parents have decided not to have a television in their home. They believe it can encourage their children to use the leisure time more creatively . You should write at least 250 words. You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience to support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.
92. III. [ GRE 作文题目 ] The following is a memo from the principal of Academia High School. “ Academia High School should abolish its after-school performing-arts programs and replace them with computer-technology programs. When nearby Techno High School did so last year, total enrollment in all of its after-school activities remained about the same. Moreover, on entering college, many Techno students chose a major directly related to their after-school activities. On the other hand, last year only 10 percent of Academia's graduating seniors chose performing arts as their major field of study in their first year of college, clearly indicating that most students do not have a strong interest in the performing arts.”
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