The Neolithic Revolution began around 7000 BC in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East, bringing important economic and social changes. People transitioned to an agricultural lifestyle, domesticating plants like barley and wheat, and animals like sheep and goats. This allowed them to settle permanently in villages and develop division of labor. They also participated in religious practices like burying their dead in group cemeteries. Technological innovations like ceramic pottery and specialized tools like plows and sickles supported these new agricultural and sedentary lifestyles.

1. 4. THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
Chronology: 7000 B.C to 3500 B.C Appearance of Writing
Beginning of HISTORY
Location: It has its origin in the Middle East Fertile Crescent
NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION: Important economic and social changes

2. (Economic and social changes)
Producers:
Agriculture-
farming
Sedentary
Technical
innovations:
ceramic ,
fabrics
Specialized
tools:
Ploughs,etc
Division of
labour
Buried their
dead:
necropolises
Bartering

3. ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
Natural landscape
There was a climate change increase temperatures-melting of ice
Changes in flora and fauna: tundra became forest
Increase in plant species: barley, wheat, millet, rice, maize, potatoes
Food
They became producers:
discovered agriculture and farming( domesticated
livestock: sheep, goats…Obtained: meat, milk..)
Appeared bartering ( they produced more than they
needed)
Society
An excess in any
production permitted
people to work in
different activities:
Division of labour
Religion
They had religion beliefs:
-Believed in spirits, worshipped
their deads
-Buried their dead (necropolis
under houses) with personal
possessions
Where did they
live?
They became
sedentary
Built permanent
settlements: houses
made with clay

4. Barley
Maize
wheat millet
maize

5. Necropolis

6. SKILLS
• Developments:
• - They added wooden handles
• - New tools: ploughs, scythes, axes, sickles
• - New materials: marble, granite
• New techniques: stone polishing
Stonework
• They used to use: vegetable fibres: cotton, linen.
• They wove them on looms.
• They knew how to make shoes.Materials
• They made pots by hand and baked them in the fire or in
ovens
• Pots were decorated with incisions.
• They used watertight containers.
Pottery

7. Plough
Axe
Stone polishig

8. Mortar, axes, sickles

9. scythe

10. loom
Esparto grass

11. Ceramic pots

13. ART
CeramicPots
• Painted and
decorated with
incisions.
Idols
• Funeral figures
• Materials: Stone
Bones
• Characteristics
Big round eyes
adorned with
triangles and
lines
Rockpaintings
• In the open air
or in caves
• Characteristics:
- Schematic
Body and legs
represented by a
vertical line
Head as circle
• - People
represented
• - Hunting scenes,
gathering,
dancing
• Religious
significance

17. Idols

18. NEOLITHIC IN SPAIN
Way of life: similar to the rest of the world
Chronology: It began around 5500 B.C ( later than in the Fertile Crescent)
Specific characteristics
Existence
of cists:
strong
burial cult
They made
Cardial pots:
imprinted with
shells
East
They dyed
pots red
Andalucia
The most
significant
paintings are
in Levante

20. cist