The overall vision of this project is to gain a greater understanding of the hand lamination
process, and then apply this knowledge. Once captured, this information has to potential to allow
development of automated lamination processes. It also has application to allow designers to better
understand how parts could be made, and how difficult it might be. The information could be used to
compare different laminators work, giving improvements in quality assurance.
PCB Multilayer Lamination, Multilam Process Tour for Circuit Board ProductionDomestic PCB Fabrication
Multilayer Lamination Installation.
In 2010, installed a three hot press plus one cold press system, each press with ten openings.
5,000 SF building expansion to house these 3 10-opening Burkle PC-controlled lamination system, which is the most Automated System in North American (N.A.).
In addition, hot oil is used to heat the platens, thereby ensuring heat is applied uniformly to panels.
Step by step guide which will help to understand the PCB fabrication process. PCB manufacturing and assembly must be conducted in a clean environment that is free of contaminants. This is important to produce good quality boards that offer unfailing service for years.
Advanced serial bending furnace operation mika eronenMika Eronen
Windshield serial bending furnace repeatability requires stability from the process and perfect controls of all process variables. In serial bending furnaces the nature of continuous, speedy production, and improved automation leaves less room for operator dependent process
variables and automation can correct the variations.
Nevertheless serial bending furnace production process stability requires perfectly optimized production set-up, perfectly adjusted furnace parameters, perfected heating element configuration, skilled and active operators,
continuous process control, and careful production planning.
I have recognized in my field work that serial furnace bending process quality has often room for significant improvements that can improve repeatability, quality and capacity.
This training program explains the fundamentals of serial bending furnace production and takes the participants through the entire bending process cycle, from
loading to unloading, explaining each stage in detail, basic and advanced actions at each stage, tips how to control geometry and size, introduces common mistakes and ways to control process variation.
PCB Multilayer Lamination, Multilam Process Tour for Circuit Board ProductionDomestic PCB Fabrication
Multilayer Lamination Installation.
In 2010, installed a three hot press plus one cold press system, each press with ten openings.
5,000 SF building expansion to house these 3 10-opening Burkle PC-controlled lamination system, which is the most Automated System in North American (N.A.).
In addition, hot oil is used to heat the platens, thereby ensuring heat is applied uniformly to panels.
Step by step guide which will help to understand the PCB fabrication process. PCB manufacturing and assembly must be conducted in a clean environment that is free of contaminants. This is important to produce good quality boards that offer unfailing service for years.
Advanced serial bending furnace operation mika eronenMika Eronen
Windshield serial bending furnace repeatability requires stability from the process and perfect controls of all process variables. In serial bending furnaces the nature of continuous, speedy production, and improved automation leaves less room for operator dependent process
variables and automation can correct the variations.
Nevertheless serial bending furnace production process stability requires perfectly optimized production set-up, perfectly adjusted furnace parameters, perfected heating element configuration, skilled and active operators,
continuous process control, and careful production planning.
I have recognized in my field work that serial furnace bending process quality has often room for significant improvements that can improve repeatability, quality and capacity.
This training program explains the fundamentals of serial bending furnace production and takes the participants through the entire bending process cycle, from
loading to unloading, explaining each stage in detail, basic and advanced actions at each stage, tips how to control geometry and size, introduces common mistakes and ways to control process variation.
PCBA Assembly Process Flow / PCB Assembly Manufacturing introduces the basic manufacturing process of PCBA / PCB assembly in different condition of component.It is about PCBA manufacture production.
Case study: Understanding Human Factors and Materials in selection of Slitter...Stefan
Manufacturing speeds, flexibility and capabilities, and costs of outsource slitters are far often key determinants in traditional supplier selection for manufacturing. While these factors are important, they often overlook the operating competences and areas of innovation that can benefit the supplier-vendor relationship.
This project emphasises other aspects crucial in the evaluation of outsource slitters- human factors and materials management processes. These factors have a substantial impact in the operating competencies of the supplier. Without looking into these factors, the client often has to deal with quality and delivery issues due to manufacturing defects and downtime that would have offset upfront cost savings.
Fibre Reinforced Plastic manufacturing methodsjeff jose
Composites manufacturing processes are complex, and involve combinations of the following physical processes:
1) Reinforcement Shaping
2) Resin Infusion
3) Composite Consolidation
Advantages and disadvantages of processing techniques
plastic composite manufacturing
Hand Lay-up
Spray up method
Filament winding
Match die molding
Pultrusion
Resin transfer molding
Reaction injection molding
Hand Lay-Up is well suited for low volume production of product.
This method can be used for both corrosion barrier and the structural portion
Fiber is chopped in a hand-held gun and fed into a spray of catalyzed resin directed at the mold. The deposited materials are left to cure under standard atmospheric conditions.
PCBA Assembly Process Flow / PCB Assembly Manufacturing introduces the basic manufacturing process of PCBA / PCB assembly in different condition of component.It is about PCBA manufacture production.
Case study: Understanding Human Factors and Materials in selection of Slitter...Stefan
Manufacturing speeds, flexibility and capabilities, and costs of outsource slitters are far often key determinants in traditional supplier selection for manufacturing. While these factors are important, they often overlook the operating competences and areas of innovation that can benefit the supplier-vendor relationship.
This project emphasises other aspects crucial in the evaluation of outsource slitters- human factors and materials management processes. These factors have a substantial impact in the operating competencies of the supplier. Without looking into these factors, the client often has to deal with quality and delivery issues due to manufacturing defects and downtime that would have offset upfront cost savings.
Fibre Reinforced Plastic manufacturing methodsjeff jose
Composites manufacturing processes are complex, and involve combinations of the following physical processes:
1) Reinforcement Shaping
2) Resin Infusion
3) Composite Consolidation
Advantages and disadvantages of processing techniques
plastic composite manufacturing
Hand Lay-up
Spray up method
Filament winding
Match die molding
Pultrusion
Resin transfer molding
Reaction injection molding
Hand Lay-Up is well suited for low volume production of product.
This method can be used for both corrosion barrier and the structural portion
Fiber is chopped in a hand-held gun and fed into a spray of catalyzed resin directed at the mold. The deposited materials are left to cure under standard atmospheric conditions.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. 2/18
Understanding the lamination process
Hand layup of prepreg
• Complex parts
• Short lead times
• Low setup costs
• High labour costs
• Low production rates
• Variability
• Potential shortage of laminators
The process has changed little in decades:
Scope for optimisation.
3. 3/18
Understanding the lamination process
• Flat sheet + Double Curved mould = In-plane shear deformation
• VFP (Virtual fabric placement) provides deformation predictions
The knowledge gap:
“How is the deformation achieved…?”
4. 4/18
Understanding the lamination process
Analysis Methodology
1. Record
operators at work
Areas
2. Watch the
footage
3. Record the
frequency and
location of
specific
techniques
6 laminators
19 layup trials
3 Repeats each
5. 5/18
Understanding the lamination process
7 key Techniques
Guiding with two hands (G2H)
One handed Guiding (1HG)
Manually Folding material (MF)
Tension Secured
shearing (TSS)
Smoothing with tension (S&T)
Tool interaction shear
forming (TIS)
Tension-Tension Shear forming (TTS).
6. 6/18
Understanding the lamination process
Results: Common techniques
Certain techniques saw use across all tasks.
Example: One handed Guiding, (1HG): Used almost
exclusively to align edge of plies.
8. 8/18
Understanding the lamination process
Common techniques in task A
1. Regular
Prepreg
2. Technique
applied
3. Prepreg
shears
“Tension secured shearing”: Used exclusively 4+ per ply.
4. Prepreg
shape
formed.
9. 9/18
Understanding the lamination process
Common techniques in task B
1. Regular
Prepreg
2. TIS being
applied.
3. Prepreg
shears
3. Prepreg
shape
formed.
“Tool interaction shearing” : Used exclusively 12+ times per
ply
10. 10/18
Understanding the lamination process
Discovering techniques
Apply tension
directly to ply
edge.
e.g. Fibres pivot
towards the free
edge.
1 Layup models: Predict shear
deformation.
3 Discover the technique: The
techniques most commonly used to
shear the material can be predicted
2 Feature analysis:
• Shear deformation angle,
• Direction,
• Location and local topology,
• Overall Drape direction.
Starting point,
Undeformed cloth,
Sheared Cloth,
11. 11/18
Understanding the lamination process
Conclusions
1. Identified 7 techniques for lamination
2. Links between areas and techniques
3. The shear angle is not the only variable to consider.
Training
Automation
Evolution of
the process
What the techniques are and where to use
them
What techniques an automated solution
might have to replicate
Multiple options to evolve the process
12. 12/18
Understanding the lamination process
Further work: Evolution of the process
Current projects at Bristol:
1. Improved layup tools.
2. Providing detailed layup
instructions
3. Utilising VFP to aid layup
projection systems.
4. ‘Preshearing’ of the plies.
Starting
point
Sheared
areas
Grasping
sign
Securing
sign ?
13. 13/18
Understanding the lamination process
Further work: Pre-shearing
Starting with
a kinematic
model
Apply shear
prior to tool
contact.
Ply already fits
into tool and
deforms easily
Reduced
Layup time
and effort
Large number of applications = Complex and time consuming
Solution: Shearing the plies prior to layup: ‘Preshearing’
Reduction in on tool and overall layup time
Less defects
Lamination became ‘easy’
14. 14/18
Understanding the lamination process
Thank you for listening.
Questions and ideas welcome:
michael.elkington@bristol.ac.uk
Doctoral Training Centre (DTC)
