This document discusses the evolution of terrorism from the Cold War era to the modern era. It describes how terrorism shifted from largely state-sponsored groups during the Cold War to today's decentralized religious extremist groups like Al Qaeda. The new terrorism utilizes globalization, technology, and asymmetric warfare to conduct high-impact attacks. The document also examines strategies for countering modern terrorism, including homeland security efforts, covert operations, disrupting financing, and identifying transnational terrorist networks.

1. Part II
Threats and VulnerabilitiesThreats and Vulnerabilities
Chapter 7
Sea ChangeSea Change
The New Terrorism and Homeland SecurityThe New Terrorism and Homeland Security
Martin, Understanding Homeland Security
© 2015 SAGE Publications, Inc.

2.  The Pre-September 11 Terrorist EnvironmentThe Pre-September 11 Terrorist Environment
 Proxy War: The Cold War and the “Old Terrorism”Proxy War: The Cold War and the “Old Terrorism”
Martin, Understanding Homeland Security ©
2015 SAGE Publications, Inc.

3.  The Pre-September 11 Terrorist EnvironmentThe Pre-September 11 Terrorist Environment
 The Left-Wing Terrorist EnvironmentThe Left-Wing Terrorist Environment
 The Ethnonationalist Terrorist EnvironmentThe Ethnonationalist Terrorist Environment
 Case in Point: The Palestinian Nationalist TerroristCase in Point: The Palestinian Nationalist Terrorist
EnvironmentEnvironment
 The Religious Terrorist Environment and the Dawn of theThe Religious Terrorist Environment and the Dawn of the
New TerrorismNew Terrorism
Martin, Understanding Homeland Security
© 2015 SAGE Publications, Inc.

4.  Proxy War: The Cold War and the “Old Terrorism”Proxy War: The Cold War and the “Old Terrorism”
 Rivalry Between East and WestRivalry Between East and West
 Wars of National LiberationWars of National Liberation
 Nationalism and MarxismNationalism and Marxism
Martin, Understanding Homeland Security
© 2015 SAGE Publications, Inc.

5.  Religion and Terrorism in the Modern EraReligion and Terrorism in the Modern Era
 Case in Point: The New Terrorism and GlobalizationCase in Point: The New Terrorism and Globalization
Martin, Understanding Homeland Security
© 2015 SAGE Publications, Inc.

6.  Religion and Terrorism in the Modern EraReligion and Terrorism in the Modern Era
 Common Principles of Religious ExtremistsCommon Principles of Religious Extremists
 A Central Feature of the New TerrorismA Central Feature of the New Terrorism
 Al Qaeda and Islamist AlliesAl Qaeda and Islamist Allies
Martin, Understanding Homeland Security
© 2015 SAGE Publications, Inc.

7.  Case in Point: The New Terrorism andCase in Point: The New Terrorism and
GlobalizationGlobalization
 Effect of Political and Economic IntegrationEffect of Political and Economic Integration
 Opportunities for Terrorist Maximum ImpactOpportunities for Terrorist Maximum Impact
 Effect of New Information TechnologiesEffect of New Information Technologies
Martin, Understanding Homeland Security
© 2015 SAGE Publications, Inc.

8.  Weapons of Mass Destruction and theWeapons of Mass Destruction and the
Objectives of the New TerrorismObjectives of the New Terrorism
 Netwar: A New Organizational TheoryNetwar: A New Organizational Theory
 Case in Point; Asymmetrical WarfareCase in Point; Asymmetrical Warfare
Martin, Understanding Homeland Security
© 2015 SAGE Publications, Inc.

9.  Weapons of Mass Destruction and theWeapons of Mass Destruction and the
Objectives of the New TerrorismObjectives of the New Terrorism
 Attracting AttentionAttracting Attention
 Pleasing GodPleasing God
 Damaging EconomiesDamaging Economies
 Influencing EnemiesInfluencing Enemies
Martin, Understanding Homeland Security
© 2015 SAGE Publications, Inc.

10.  Netwar: A New Organizational TheoryNetwar: A New Organizational Theory
 Semiautonomous CellsSemiautonomous Cells
 Chain NetworksChain Networks
 Star, Hub, or Wheel NetworksStar, Hub, or Wheel Networks
 All-Channel NetworksAll-Channel Networks
Martin, Understanding Homeland Security
© 2015 SAGE Publications, Inc.

11.  Case in Point: Asymmetrical WarfareCase in Point: Asymmetrical Warfare
 Unconventional, Unexpected, and UnpredictableUnconventional, Unexpected, and Unpredictable
 Redefine International Security EnvironmentRedefine International Security Environment
 Overcome Traditional ProtectionsOvercome Traditional Protections
Martin, Understanding Homeland Security
© 2015 SAGE Publications, Inc.

12.  Countering ExtremismCountering Extremism
 Countering the New TerrorismCountering the New Terrorism
Martin, Understanding Homeland Security
© 2015 SAGE Publications, Inc.

13.  Countering ExtremismCountering Extremism
 Long-Term SolutionsLong-Term Solutions
 Operations Other than WarOperations Other than War
 Limitations of CoercionLimitations of Coercion
Martin, Understanding Homeland Security
© 2015 SAGE Publications, Inc.

14.  Countering the New TerrorismCountering the New Terrorism
 Homeland Security MeasuresHomeland Security Measures
 Covert “Shadow Wars”Covert “Shadow Wars”
 Counterterrorist Financial OperationsCounterterrorist Financial Operations
 Global Surveillance of Communications TechnologiesGlobal Surveillance of Communications Technologies
 Identifying and Disrupting Transnational Terrorist CellsIdentifying and Disrupting Transnational Terrorist Cells
and Support Networksand Support Networks
Martin, Understanding Homeland Security
© 2015 SAGE Publications, Inc.