Underground Taming of Floods for Irrigation (UTFI): Global opportunities and economic viability
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Presented by Mohammad Faiz Alam at the 3rd International Conference on the Status of Future of the World's Large Rivers, April 18 - 21, 2017, New Dheli, India.
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Underground Taming of Floods for Irrigation (UTFI): Global opportunities and economic viability
- 1. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India Mohammad Faiz Alam1 , Paul Pavelic 2 1 IWMI, Delhi, India 2 IWMI, Lao PDR Underground Taming of Floods for Irrigation (UTFI): Global opportunities and economic viability Mohammad Faiz Alam, Paul Pavelic
- 2. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India 2. Global maps of UTFI : Why ? •To identify High suitability areas • Make a technical and economic- based case • Pre-step to detailed local analyses •Understand the typologies of area where UTFI is suitable • Disaster mitigation, Irrigation, Groundwater •Present as an one of the alternative to conventional options •Integrate DRR & resilience •Co-manage Flood, Drought, Production Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names
- 3. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India 3. Spatial analysis •Data •Availability •Accessibility •Compatibility •Weight and rank •Subjective •Discussion •Literature Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names
- 4. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India Spatial analysis: Results Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names ~ 3.8 billion, ~524 million hectares
- 5. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India
- 6. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names •Floods hotspots: Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia •Drought secondary: Dry season cropping, water shortages •Irrigated: Surface water dominated, GW increasing •Climate change: Dry season, Variability •UTFI : Flood mitigation , increasing resilience : Integration SOUTH EAST ASIA
- 7. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names •Floods hotspots: Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia •Drought secondary: Dry season cropping, water shortages •Irrigated: Surface water dominated, GW increasing •Climate change: Dry season, Variability •UTFI : Flood mitigation > Production : Integration • Monsoonal Floods and Drought hotspots • Groundwater exploited areas, extensive aquifers • Recurrent floods, Dry season, Variability •UTFI: Production, GW depletion, Flood mitigation SOUTH ASIA
- 8. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names •Floods (Yellow and Yangtze river) and Drought both •Irrigated: extensive Groundwater as in SA •Dry season, Variability •Flood mitigating structures •UTFI: Groundwater depletion, Production, Flood mitigation •Limitation: Silt load •Floods hotspots: Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia •Drought secondary: Dry season cropping, water shortages •Irrigated: Surface water dominated, GW increasing •Climate change: Dry season, Variability •UTFI : Flood mitigation > Production : Integration • Monsoonal Floods and Drought hotspots • Groundwater exploited areas, extensive aquifers • Recurrent floods, Dry season, Variability •UTFI: Production, GW depletion, Flood mitigation CHINA
- 9. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names • Drought hotspots, Floods in important basin • Rainfed farming: water limiting, irrigation limited • Negligible GW contribution • Groundwater: Irrigation-Programs, DRR: Lack of resources • UTFI: Flood mitigation, agriculture Intensification • Limitation: Aquifer Type, Costs Sub-Saharan Africa • East Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan • West Africa: Niger, Nigeria, Ghana
- 10. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India UTFI: Applicability on basin/watershed •Scale is important • Too small vs Big • Heterogeneity • Brindha et al.,2016 •Aggregation • Masking out high potential areas • Prominent basins •Spatial Grid: For pre- local analyses Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names Aggregated mean basin score : 100 basins
- 11. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India 4. Economic analysis •Basin scale •Viability of implementation •Total cost involved •Indirect benefits •Ecosystem •In-situ services •Indirect costs •Opportunity cost of water •Research •Macro scale •Local heterogeneity •synergies/tradeoffs Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names
- 12. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India Basins •Criteria: •UTFI score •Data : Literature •Region, Typology •Ramganga (India) • Field trial • GW high •Awash (Ethiopia) •GW negligible •Drought •Chao Phraya (Thailand) •Floods •Surface irrigation Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names
- 13. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India Basins Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names
- 14. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Ramganga Rice+ Flood damage protection Maize+ Flood damage protection Sugarcane + Flood damage protection + fuel saving Awash Tef+ Flood damage protection Maize+ Flood damage protection (Tef +Maize) + Flood damage protection Chao Phrayaa Rice + Flood damage protection Maize+ Flood damage protection Sugarcane + Flood damage protection Scenarios • Water use for crop production • Reflects crop production practices • Flood damage mitigated • Literature, return flows • Water recharge increase WT: Fuel saving • Water table rise Surface (infiltration basins) + Sub- Surface (Recharge wells) + Surplus water (km3 ) Awash Ramganga Chao Phraya 2.41 3.36 3.25
- 15. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names Awash Ramganga Chao Phraya S-Surface Surface S- Surface Surface S- Surface Surfa ce Recharge structures cost Capital 232 58 147 115 197 132 O &M 84 21 57 44 31 21 Recovery cost Capital 250 250 - - 79 79 O &M 215 215 122 122 59 59 Land use cost - 0.32 0.28 11 12 12 14 Management cost - 0.18 0.18 .94 .94 .96 .96 •High cost in Awash • Lowest water captured • Aquifer yields are low •Ramganga minimum •Recovery cost is significant •Minimal land use and management cost •Sub-surface > Surface Awash Ramganga Chao Phraya Water captured (km3) 2.41 3.36 3.25 Sub-surface wells 92978 94039 97222 Sites ( 20 wells) 4649 4702 4861 Surface area (basins) 4650 5416 5600 Sites ( 1 ha) 4650 5416 5600 Costs (Million USD)
- 16. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India •Chao Phraya •Flood dominated •Ramganga •Low yields (not water) •Awash: •Tef high productivity •Low water need> High area Benefits (Million USD) Awash Ramganga Chao Phraya Water captured 2.41 3.36 3.25 Crop 1 (Tef/Rice) - ha 532,009 501,493 444,596 Crop 2 (Maize) - ha 403,010 702,929 607,477
- 17. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India Internal Rate of Return (IRR) •IRR > Discount rate •Economically feasible •Surface > Sub-Surface •Magnitude differs ( 11 to 140%) •CP > Awash > Ramganga •CP high magnitude •Flood mitigation •Awash and Ramganga •Crop production •Awash -> Tef Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names
- 18. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India 5. Salient points •Global potential significant ( ~524 Mha , ~3.8 billion) •Typologies and priorities would be different •Scarcity vs Disaster vs Reselience •SSA vs Asia •Economically viable: High IRR and BCR values •Alternative flood mitigation measure •Link •Groundwater potential SSA •Groundwater depletion in SA •Flood mitigation in SEA •Climate change and Adaptation Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names
- 19. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India 6. Challenges and limitations •Limitations/Further work •Quality of data : Validation •Quality of surface water •Flood type •Indirect costs are important •Climate change variability: Can make it redundant or important •Implementation and Management Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names
- 20. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India Thank you mohammadfaizalam@yahoo.com Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names
- 21. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names •Limited potential,, MAR drinking water •Humid: Less drought risk (North vs South) •Flood mitigation structures •Climate variability: Future ? •North east Brazil: Drought •North Columbia (Magdalena basin: floods) •Limited literature ? •Central plains, Sacramento aquifer (California) •Demand, Productive aquifer •Water availability? •Similar: Mexico
- 22. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India Population and Crop area in high suitability area •Population -> DRR •Crop -> Production •Significant potential •Different typologies Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names
- 23. 3rd International Conference on the Status and Future of the World‘s Large Rivers 18-21 April 2017, New Delhi, India 1. Overview •Water variability: Floods and Drought • Impact on Agriculture : Food production •Climate Change: Added variability •Adaptation and Resilience, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) •Options •IWRM, Conjunctive use •Storage •MAR >> UTFI Presenting author’s name, co-authors’ names
Editor's Notes
- Easily point: total area Groundwater depletion: Pockets of depleted aquifer, Mitigating depletion, Bias: natural water table Drought: Significant potential, Distributed, Hot spots, South and South east Asia ,Sub-Saharan Africa, North China plain
- :Seasonal crop: surplus water: philosphy :Average? :Cost scenarios ?: design parameters: flood, structures ? Irrigates=d area : Economic costs :
- Million USD
- Every year water