This study examined the impact of different television programs (with and without public service announcements about mental illness) on attitudes toward people with mental illness. 163 college students watched one of three crime drama episodes (one depicted mental illness and violence) and then completed questionnaires. Viewers of the episode pairing mental illness and violence reported greater fear, avoidance of those with psychosis, and less willingness to help compared to other episodes. PSAs led to less avoidance and greater helping attitudes overall. Negative media portrayals were found to negatively impact attitudes, though PSAs had limited effects in mitigating this.
Abnormal psychology in the movies accessibleKelly Sloniger
The document discusses the portrayal of mental illness in movies and media. It begins by defining mental illness as a medical condition that disrupts thinking, mood, behavior, and functioning. It then notes that while discussions of mental illness have increased, media portrayals are often inaccurate and based on stereotypes. Some common stereotypes presented are that those with mental illness are violent criminals, can be identified by their appearance, and are childish. The document encourages learning about specific disorders from reliable sources like the DSM-V and case studies to recognize accurate vs inaccurate portrayals. Students are then assigned a project to analyze how a selected movie depicts a particular mental disorder.
This document discusses how several films have portrayed mental illness. Fight Club uses dissociative identity disorder as a plot device rather than seriously depicting the illness. Girl Interrupted realistically shows a woman with borderline personality disorder in a mental institution. A Beautiful Mind tells the true story of a man with schizophrenia in a way that doesn't reveal his illness until halfway through the film. What's Eating Gilbert Grape? sympathetically shows a family dealing with autism. American Psycho is criticized for giving a disturbing and misleading representation of schizophrenia by portraying the character as a psychopathic murderer.
This document provides an introduction to and discussion of a research project about the representation of schizophrenia in films. It lists the mental health issues, symptoms, and stereotypes about schizophrenia that will be examined. Three focal films about schizophrenia are identified for analysis. The discussion section outlines questions to be answered about how mental health issues are portrayed in different genres and whether representations are typically positive or negative. The conclusion will consider whether film portrayals are becoming more accurate and less extreme over time.
This document discusses how people with mental illnesses like schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder have begun sharing their experiences on YouTube. Some of these videos have taken on a support role by encouraging, teaching, supporting, defending, trusting, and relating to other viewers. Research suggests that social media allows people with severe mental illness to connect with others experiencing similar issues from the safety of their own homes. While the research is still ongoing, some people making these videos say they have helped overcome fears, learn about their own minds, reduce isolation, find hope, and develop coping mechanisms. However, more research is needed to determine if YouTube can provide wider benefits of peer support for severe mental illness.
This study examined college students' attitudes towards mental illness portrayed in media. It hypothesized that 1) exposure to mental illness in media correlates with attitudes, 2) empathy correlates with media influence, 3) positive film portrayals correlate with recall, and 4) exposure correlates with recall of films featuring mental illness. Surveys assessed knowledge, attitudes, empathy, and film recall. Results supported all hypotheses, showing relationships between media exposure, attitudes, empathy and recall of positive portrayals. However, students lacked understanding of specific illnesses. The study concluded that personal experience with mental illness leads to better recall of positive media portrayals.
This document discusses the concept of stigma as it relates to mental illness. It defines stigma as a mark or sign that discredits a person and leads to social rejection through attitudes like fear, anger, pity and disgust. These negative attitudes can result in discrimination against those with mental illness in areas like housing, employment and education. The document also examines how stigma is exacerbated and perpetuated through misleading portrayals of mental illness in movies and media, and explores the cognitive and social psychological processes that underlie the development and maintenance of stigma.
Can excessive use of social media lead to mental illnessHarsh Vardhan
This document examines the effects of excessive social media use on mental health. Through a literature review and online surveys, it finds that most youth spend 1-4 hours daily on social media and that overuse can lead to addiction, anxiety, decreased productivity, and dual personality disorder. Both primary data from surveys and secondary sources show that social media is highly connected to mental health issues when overused. Potential solutions discussed include implementing firewalls in schools, providing counseling, and encouraging personality development classes to reduce social media dependency.
Abnormal psychology in the movies accessibleKelly Sloniger
The document discusses the portrayal of mental illness in movies and media. It begins by defining mental illness as a medical condition that disrupts thinking, mood, behavior, and functioning. It then notes that while discussions of mental illness have increased, media portrayals are often inaccurate and based on stereotypes. Some common stereotypes presented are that those with mental illness are violent criminals, can be identified by their appearance, and are childish. The document encourages learning about specific disorders from reliable sources like the DSM-V and case studies to recognize accurate vs inaccurate portrayals. Students are then assigned a project to analyze how a selected movie depicts a particular mental disorder.
This document discusses how several films have portrayed mental illness. Fight Club uses dissociative identity disorder as a plot device rather than seriously depicting the illness. Girl Interrupted realistically shows a woman with borderline personality disorder in a mental institution. A Beautiful Mind tells the true story of a man with schizophrenia in a way that doesn't reveal his illness until halfway through the film. What's Eating Gilbert Grape? sympathetically shows a family dealing with autism. American Psycho is criticized for giving a disturbing and misleading representation of schizophrenia by portraying the character as a psychopathic murderer.
This document provides an introduction to and discussion of a research project about the representation of schizophrenia in films. It lists the mental health issues, symptoms, and stereotypes about schizophrenia that will be examined. Three focal films about schizophrenia are identified for analysis. The discussion section outlines questions to be answered about how mental health issues are portrayed in different genres and whether representations are typically positive or negative. The conclusion will consider whether film portrayals are becoming more accurate and less extreme over time.
This document discusses how people with mental illnesses like schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder have begun sharing their experiences on YouTube. Some of these videos have taken on a support role by encouraging, teaching, supporting, defending, trusting, and relating to other viewers. Research suggests that social media allows people with severe mental illness to connect with others experiencing similar issues from the safety of their own homes. While the research is still ongoing, some people making these videos say they have helped overcome fears, learn about their own minds, reduce isolation, find hope, and develop coping mechanisms. However, more research is needed to determine if YouTube can provide wider benefits of peer support for severe mental illness.
This study examined college students' attitudes towards mental illness portrayed in media. It hypothesized that 1) exposure to mental illness in media correlates with attitudes, 2) empathy correlates with media influence, 3) positive film portrayals correlate with recall, and 4) exposure correlates with recall of films featuring mental illness. Surveys assessed knowledge, attitudes, empathy, and film recall. Results supported all hypotheses, showing relationships between media exposure, attitudes, empathy and recall of positive portrayals. However, students lacked understanding of specific illnesses. The study concluded that personal experience with mental illness leads to better recall of positive media portrayals.
This document discusses the concept of stigma as it relates to mental illness. It defines stigma as a mark or sign that discredits a person and leads to social rejection through attitudes like fear, anger, pity and disgust. These negative attitudes can result in discrimination against those with mental illness in areas like housing, employment and education. The document also examines how stigma is exacerbated and perpetuated through misleading portrayals of mental illness in movies and media, and explores the cognitive and social psychological processes that underlie the development and maintenance of stigma.
Can excessive use of social media lead to mental illnessHarsh Vardhan
This document examines the effects of excessive social media use on mental health. Through a literature review and online surveys, it finds that most youth spend 1-4 hours daily on social media and that overuse can lead to addiction, anxiety, decreased productivity, and dual personality disorder. Both primary data from surveys and secondary sources show that social media is highly connected to mental health issues when overused. Potential solutions discussed include implementing firewalls in schools, providing counseling, and encouraging personality development classes to reduce social media dependency.
The document summarizes the primary research materials for a film project about representations of schizophrenia. The primary materials consist of three films - Donnie Darko, Spider, and Shutter Island. These films were chosen because they represent mental health issues like schizophrenia, fall within the drama genre being used for the project, and explore symptoms of schizophrenia. Secondary research includes a questionnaire about perceptions of mental health in films and websites on the drama genre and details on schizophrenia from reliable sources. Tertiary research covers several articles on portrayals of mental illness in films and their impact on audiences.
Mixed Messages: The Representation of Mental Illness in the Mediachanvw
This study analyzed 121 articles about mental health from 1996 to 2005 in 7 popular magazines for younger adults. It found that the rate of mental health articles increased over time and more so in women's magazines. Articles in men's magazines discussed drug abuse more while women's magazines focused more on depression and anxiety. Depictions of treatment emphasized danger to self across both genders. The study provides insights into how magazines portray mental illness and differences between portrayals in men's and women's magazines.
The document discusses representations of masculinity in media. It begins by outlining objectives to explore how masculinity is portrayed stereotypically and how representations have changed over time. Definitions of sex, gender, and representation are provided. Traditional 1970s/80s representations emphasized ruggedness, while contemporary depictions show men in touch with emotions. Emerging representations like the metrosexual emphasize appearance and consumerism. Case studies demonstrate dominance of stereotypes in action films, video games, and reality TV. While representations have diversified, analyses typically find men depicted positively using traditionally masculine traits like strength, rationality, and lack of emotion.
Transforming Media Messaging About Mental Illness Through News, Entertainment...Nedra Kline Weinreich
Presentation by Nedra Kline Weinreich
Weinreich Communications / Entertainment Industries Council
National Conference on Health Communication, Marketing and Media
Atlanta, GA
August 19, 2014
The document discusses how representations of mental illness in films have changed over time. Previously, mentally ill characters often had only supporting roles or were portrayed negatively to justify their actions. More recently, films have shown mentally ill protagonists in a more sympathetic light, portraying them as heroes dealing with their illness. Forrest Gump and characters in Sucker Punch are examples of protagonists managing mental illness while influencing history or overcoming challenges.
This document contains a questionnaire about social media usage and its effects on mental health. The questionnaire asks questions such as how often the respondent accesses social media, what platforms they use, if they compare themselves to others online, and if they have witnessed cyberbullying on social media sites.
Perception of mental illness based upon its portrayal in filmSouth Sefton College
This document summarizes an honors thesis from the University of Central Florida titled "Perception of Mental Illness Based Upon its Portrayal in Film" written by Erika Hanley in 2015. The thesis examines how portrayals of mental illness in films influence viewers' perceptions of mental illness through an online survey of 195 participants. Previous research found both negative and positive depictions of mental illness in films. The current study hypothesized that viewing more films depicting mental illness would correlate with greater knowledge and sympathy, and that perceptions would reflect stereotypes more than facts. It also hypothesized that women would express more sympathy than men. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.
This document is a literature review and dissertation submitted by Michelle Rodriguez exploring attitudes toward mental health. It provides an overview of past research on attitudes toward mental health, finding that historically mental illness has been stigmatized. While some research found that increased familiarity with mental illness can improve attitudes, other studies found increased biological explanations for conditions like schizophrenia can worsen attitudes. The document also discusses how attitudes differ based on factors like age, gender, education level, and experience/exposure to mental illness.
The document discusses stigma associated with mental illness. It notes that stigma involves negative stereotypes and attitudes that label people with mental illness as less worthy. These attitudes are perpetuated by misrepresentations in media and a lack of understanding. The document outlines various factors that contribute to stigma, including fear, economic issues, lack of treatment facilities, and cultural beliefs. It also discusses the negative impacts of self-stigma, discrimination, and social exclusion that people with mental illness often face. Interventions like social contact and education are mentioned as ways to potentially help address stigma.
The document discusses the relationship between social media use and mental health in teens and young adults. It notes that 20% of Canadians will experience a mental illness, and that social media use is rising, with 84% of 18-34 year olds using smartphones. Research suggests both benefits and risks to mental health from social media, as excessive use has been linked to poorer mental well-being, but it can also help social connection. The key may be moderation and balance in social media use.
The document discusses mental health and mental illness. It defines mental health as maintaining successful mental activity and fulfilling relationships while adapting to change. Mental illness occurs when the brain is not functioning properly, disrupting thinking, emotions, behavior, or physical functioning. Common symptoms include sleep problems, mood swings, and difficulty focusing. Mental illness is caused by a complex interplay between genetics and environment and results in abnormal brain functioning. While some illnesses begin in childhood, others often emerge during adolescence. Most people with mental illness can live productive lives with treatment. The document encourages seeking help from others if experiencing prolonged sadness, anger, or risky behaviors.
This document provides an introduction to applied statistics and statistical methods. It discusses objectives such as going beyond the mean and tests of differences like t-tests and ANOVA. It also covers descriptive statistics such as measures of central tendency and dispersion, inferential statistics like z-scores and confidence intervals, and tests of differences including independent and paired t-tests and nonparametric alternatives.
Measuring Healthcare Outcomes using Serious Games, Gamification, and Virtual ...SeriousGamesAssoc
This session outlines the importance of data capture and using sound research methodology to determine the best use of your game-based learning intervention. We explore pertinent learning and behavioral theories, including outcome levels, elements of fidelity, and appraise different strategies that have both succeeded and failed in the use of games in healthcare education. More importantly, we explore the practical aspects of embedding data collection to prove the game’s impact to healthcare education and health.
I am William Butler. Currently associated with statisticshomeworkhelper.com as an assignment helper. After completing my master's from the University of British Columbia, I was in search of an opportunity that would expand my area of knowledge hence I decided to help students with their multivariate and monova assignments. I have written several assignments to help students overcome the statistics difficulties they face in multivariate and monova assignments.
1.When should you use a factorial ANOVA rather than a simple A.docxelliotkimberlee
1.
When should you use a factorial ANOVA rather than a simple ANOVA to test the significance of the difference between the average of two or more groups?
2.
Create a drawing or plan for a 2 x3 experimental design that would lend itself to a factorial ANOVA.
Be sure to identify the independent and dependent variables.
3.
#4 Use Chapter 14 Data set 3 (below) and answer the following questions in an analysis of whether level of stress and gender has an impact on caffeine consumption (measured as cups of coffee per day).
a.
Is there as difference between the levels of caffeine consumption for the high-stress, low-stress, and no-stress groups?
b.
Is there a difference between males and females, regardless of stress group?
c.
Any interactions?
Chapter 14 Data set 3
severeity
treatment
Pain Score
severity
Treatment
Pain Score
1
Drug #2
5
2
Placebo
5
1
Drug #2
4
2
Placebo
6
1
Drug #2
5
2
Placebo
5
1
Drug #2
4
2
Placebo
4
1
Drug #2
3
2
Placebo
4
1
Drug #2
3
2
Placebo
6
1
Drug #2
3
2
Placebo
5
1
Drug #2
4
2
Placebo
4
1
Drug #2
5
2
Placebo
2
1
Drug #2
5
2
Placebo
1
1
Drug #2
5
2
Placebo
3
1
Drug #2
6
2
Placebo
2
1
Drug #2
6
2
Placebo
2
1
Drug #2
7
2
Placebo
3
1
Drug #2
6
2
Placebo
4
1
Drug #2
5
2
Placebo
3
1
Drug #2
7
2
Placebo
2
1
Drug #2
6
2
Placebo
2
1
Drug #2
8
2
Placebo
1
Gender
Caff_Consumption
Stress
1
5
1
1
6
3
2
7
3
1
7
2
1
5
3
1
6
1
8
2
1
8
2
2
9
1
2
8
1
2
9
1
2
7
2
2
4
1
2
3
1
1
0
1
2
4
2
1
5
1
2
6
2
1
2
2
1
4
3
1
5
3
2
5
3
1
4
2
1
3
2
1
7
3
2
8
2
1
8
2
1
11
1
1
2
2
1
3
1
1.
Given the following information, Use Table B.4 in Appendix B to determine whether the correlations are significant and how you would interpret the results.
a.
The correlation between speed and strength for 20 women is 567.
Test these results at the .01 level using a one-tailed test.
b.
The correlation between the number correct on a math test and the time it takes to complete the test is -.45.
Test where the correlation is significant for 80 children at the .05 level of significance.
Choose either a one –or a two –tailed test and justify your choice.
c.
The correlation between number of friends and grade point average (GPA) for 50 adolescents is 37. Is this significant at the .05 level for a two-tailed test?
One Tailed Test(
DF)
0.05
0.01
Two-Tailed (df)
0.05
0.01
1
0.9877
0.9995
1
0.9969
0.9999
2
0.9
9800
2
0.95
9900
3
0.8054
0.9343
3
0.8783
0.9587
4
0.7293
0.8822
4
0.8114
0.9172
5
0.6694
0.832
5
0.7545
0.8745
6
0.6215
0.78887
6
0.7067
0.8343
7
0.5822
0.7498
7
0.6664
0.7977
8
0.5494
0.7155
8
0.6319
0.7646
9
0.5214
0.6851
9
0.021
0.7348
10
0.4973
0.6581
10
0.576
0.7079
11
0.4762
0.6339
11
0.5529
0.6835
12
0.4575
0.612
12
0.5324
0.6614
13
0.4409
0.5923
13
0.5339
0.6411
14
0.4259
0.5742
14
0.4973
0.6226
15
0.412
0.5577
15
0.4821
0.6055
16
4000
0.5425
16
0.4683
0.5897
17
0.3887
0.5285
17
0.4555
0.5751
18
0.3783
0.5155
18
0.4438
0.5614
19
0.3687
0.5034
19
0.4329
0.5487
20
0.3598
0.4921
20
0.4227
0.
The document describes a study that tested the effectiveness of configural face training at improving face recognition abilities in developmental prosopagnosics. 24 developmental prosopagnosics participated in either an active training group or a waitlist control group. The training group completed 15 days of intensive face discrimination training while the waitlist group did not receive any training during that period. Both groups were assessed before and after using tests of face perception, face memory, and real-world recognition. The results showed that the training group demonstrated significantly greater improvements than the waitlist group on several face processing measures, suggesting that configural face training can enhance face recognition in developmental prosopagnosics.
The document summarizes a performance improvement continuing medical education (PI-CME) program for primary care physicians (PCPs) on diagnosing and treating adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Barriers to successful PI-CME implementation include the time and effort required of learners and CME professionals. The program aimed to address the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of adult ADHD by providing PCPs with an easy-to-use screening tool and education on non-stimulant treatment options. Survey results showed PCPs had less knowledge and clinical instruction on ADHD compared to other conditions like depression.
The document discusses several basic psychophysical procedures used to study threshold detection and discrimination in tactile signals:
1. The yes-no procedure judges presence or absence of a signal and analyzes results using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
2. Forced-choice procedures measure the proportion of correct responses between signal trials and catch trials which can be converted to d-prime sensitivity measures.
3. Confidence rating and same-different procedures examine how observers discriminate between intensities or identities of stimuli.
4. Adaptive tracking methods like forced-choice tracking and transformed response methods efficiently estimate thresholds by adjusting stimulus levels run-to-run based on observer performance.
This document introduces difference testing and parametric and non-parametric tests. It discusses the assumptions of parametric tests including random sampling, normally distributed interval/ratio data, and equal variances. Non-parametric tests like Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U are introduced as alternatives. Key principles of difference testing like independent vs dependent variables are explained. Steps for t-tests, paired t-tests, and non-parametric equivalents are outlined along with interpreting SPSS outputs and dealing with issues of significance. Factors like meaningful vs statistical significance and one-tailed vs two-tailed tests are also briefly covered.
The document summarizes the primary research materials for a film project about representations of schizophrenia. The primary materials consist of three films - Donnie Darko, Spider, and Shutter Island. These films were chosen because they represent mental health issues like schizophrenia, fall within the drama genre being used for the project, and explore symptoms of schizophrenia. Secondary research includes a questionnaire about perceptions of mental health in films and websites on the drama genre and details on schizophrenia from reliable sources. Tertiary research covers several articles on portrayals of mental illness in films and their impact on audiences.
Mixed Messages: The Representation of Mental Illness in the Mediachanvw
This study analyzed 121 articles about mental health from 1996 to 2005 in 7 popular magazines for younger adults. It found that the rate of mental health articles increased over time and more so in women's magazines. Articles in men's magazines discussed drug abuse more while women's magazines focused more on depression and anxiety. Depictions of treatment emphasized danger to self across both genders. The study provides insights into how magazines portray mental illness and differences between portrayals in men's and women's magazines.
The document discusses representations of masculinity in media. It begins by outlining objectives to explore how masculinity is portrayed stereotypically and how representations have changed over time. Definitions of sex, gender, and representation are provided. Traditional 1970s/80s representations emphasized ruggedness, while contemporary depictions show men in touch with emotions. Emerging representations like the metrosexual emphasize appearance and consumerism. Case studies demonstrate dominance of stereotypes in action films, video games, and reality TV. While representations have diversified, analyses typically find men depicted positively using traditionally masculine traits like strength, rationality, and lack of emotion.
Transforming Media Messaging About Mental Illness Through News, Entertainment...Nedra Kline Weinreich
Presentation by Nedra Kline Weinreich
Weinreich Communications / Entertainment Industries Council
National Conference on Health Communication, Marketing and Media
Atlanta, GA
August 19, 2014
The document discusses how representations of mental illness in films have changed over time. Previously, mentally ill characters often had only supporting roles or were portrayed negatively to justify their actions. More recently, films have shown mentally ill protagonists in a more sympathetic light, portraying them as heroes dealing with their illness. Forrest Gump and characters in Sucker Punch are examples of protagonists managing mental illness while influencing history or overcoming challenges.
This document contains a questionnaire about social media usage and its effects on mental health. The questionnaire asks questions such as how often the respondent accesses social media, what platforms they use, if they compare themselves to others online, and if they have witnessed cyberbullying on social media sites.
Perception of mental illness based upon its portrayal in filmSouth Sefton College
This document summarizes an honors thesis from the University of Central Florida titled "Perception of Mental Illness Based Upon its Portrayal in Film" written by Erika Hanley in 2015. The thesis examines how portrayals of mental illness in films influence viewers' perceptions of mental illness through an online survey of 195 participants. Previous research found both negative and positive depictions of mental illness in films. The current study hypothesized that viewing more films depicting mental illness would correlate with greater knowledge and sympathy, and that perceptions would reflect stereotypes more than facts. It also hypothesized that women would express more sympathy than men. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.
This document is a literature review and dissertation submitted by Michelle Rodriguez exploring attitudes toward mental health. It provides an overview of past research on attitudes toward mental health, finding that historically mental illness has been stigmatized. While some research found that increased familiarity with mental illness can improve attitudes, other studies found increased biological explanations for conditions like schizophrenia can worsen attitudes. The document also discusses how attitudes differ based on factors like age, gender, education level, and experience/exposure to mental illness.
The document discusses stigma associated with mental illness. It notes that stigma involves negative stereotypes and attitudes that label people with mental illness as less worthy. These attitudes are perpetuated by misrepresentations in media and a lack of understanding. The document outlines various factors that contribute to stigma, including fear, economic issues, lack of treatment facilities, and cultural beliefs. It also discusses the negative impacts of self-stigma, discrimination, and social exclusion that people with mental illness often face. Interventions like social contact and education are mentioned as ways to potentially help address stigma.
The document discusses the relationship between social media use and mental health in teens and young adults. It notes that 20% of Canadians will experience a mental illness, and that social media use is rising, with 84% of 18-34 year olds using smartphones. Research suggests both benefits and risks to mental health from social media, as excessive use has been linked to poorer mental well-being, but it can also help social connection. The key may be moderation and balance in social media use.
The document discusses mental health and mental illness. It defines mental health as maintaining successful mental activity and fulfilling relationships while adapting to change. Mental illness occurs when the brain is not functioning properly, disrupting thinking, emotions, behavior, or physical functioning. Common symptoms include sleep problems, mood swings, and difficulty focusing. Mental illness is caused by a complex interplay between genetics and environment and results in abnormal brain functioning. While some illnesses begin in childhood, others often emerge during adolescence. Most people with mental illness can live productive lives with treatment. The document encourages seeking help from others if experiencing prolonged sadness, anger, or risky behaviors.
This document provides an introduction to applied statistics and statistical methods. It discusses objectives such as going beyond the mean and tests of differences like t-tests and ANOVA. It also covers descriptive statistics such as measures of central tendency and dispersion, inferential statistics like z-scores and confidence intervals, and tests of differences including independent and paired t-tests and nonparametric alternatives.
Measuring Healthcare Outcomes using Serious Games, Gamification, and Virtual ...SeriousGamesAssoc
This session outlines the importance of data capture and using sound research methodology to determine the best use of your game-based learning intervention. We explore pertinent learning and behavioral theories, including outcome levels, elements of fidelity, and appraise different strategies that have both succeeded and failed in the use of games in healthcare education. More importantly, we explore the practical aspects of embedding data collection to prove the game’s impact to healthcare education and health.
I am William Butler. Currently associated with statisticshomeworkhelper.com as an assignment helper. After completing my master's from the University of British Columbia, I was in search of an opportunity that would expand my area of knowledge hence I decided to help students with their multivariate and monova assignments. I have written several assignments to help students overcome the statistics difficulties they face in multivariate and monova assignments.
1.When should you use a factorial ANOVA rather than a simple A.docxelliotkimberlee
1.
When should you use a factorial ANOVA rather than a simple ANOVA to test the significance of the difference between the average of two or more groups?
2.
Create a drawing or plan for a 2 x3 experimental design that would lend itself to a factorial ANOVA.
Be sure to identify the independent and dependent variables.
3.
#4 Use Chapter 14 Data set 3 (below) and answer the following questions in an analysis of whether level of stress and gender has an impact on caffeine consumption (measured as cups of coffee per day).
a.
Is there as difference between the levels of caffeine consumption for the high-stress, low-stress, and no-stress groups?
b.
Is there a difference between males and females, regardless of stress group?
c.
Any interactions?
Chapter 14 Data set 3
severeity
treatment
Pain Score
severity
Treatment
Pain Score
1
Drug #2
5
2
Placebo
5
1
Drug #2
4
2
Placebo
6
1
Drug #2
5
2
Placebo
5
1
Drug #2
4
2
Placebo
4
1
Drug #2
3
2
Placebo
4
1
Drug #2
3
2
Placebo
6
1
Drug #2
3
2
Placebo
5
1
Drug #2
4
2
Placebo
4
1
Drug #2
5
2
Placebo
2
1
Drug #2
5
2
Placebo
1
1
Drug #2
5
2
Placebo
3
1
Drug #2
6
2
Placebo
2
1
Drug #2
6
2
Placebo
2
1
Drug #2
7
2
Placebo
3
1
Drug #2
6
2
Placebo
4
1
Drug #2
5
2
Placebo
3
1
Drug #2
7
2
Placebo
2
1
Drug #2
6
2
Placebo
2
1
Drug #2
8
2
Placebo
1
Gender
Caff_Consumption
Stress
1
5
1
1
6
3
2
7
3
1
7
2
1
5
3
1
6
1
8
2
1
8
2
2
9
1
2
8
1
2
9
1
2
7
2
2
4
1
2
3
1
1
0
1
2
4
2
1
5
1
2
6
2
1
2
2
1
4
3
1
5
3
2
5
3
1
4
2
1
3
2
1
7
3
2
8
2
1
8
2
1
11
1
1
2
2
1
3
1
1.
Given the following information, Use Table B.4 in Appendix B to determine whether the correlations are significant and how you would interpret the results.
a.
The correlation between speed and strength for 20 women is 567.
Test these results at the .01 level using a one-tailed test.
b.
The correlation between the number correct on a math test and the time it takes to complete the test is -.45.
Test where the correlation is significant for 80 children at the .05 level of significance.
Choose either a one –or a two –tailed test and justify your choice.
c.
The correlation between number of friends and grade point average (GPA) for 50 adolescents is 37. Is this significant at the .05 level for a two-tailed test?
One Tailed Test(
DF)
0.05
0.01
Two-Tailed (df)
0.05
0.01
1
0.9877
0.9995
1
0.9969
0.9999
2
0.9
9800
2
0.95
9900
3
0.8054
0.9343
3
0.8783
0.9587
4
0.7293
0.8822
4
0.8114
0.9172
5
0.6694
0.832
5
0.7545
0.8745
6
0.6215
0.78887
6
0.7067
0.8343
7
0.5822
0.7498
7
0.6664
0.7977
8
0.5494
0.7155
8
0.6319
0.7646
9
0.5214
0.6851
9
0.021
0.7348
10
0.4973
0.6581
10
0.576
0.7079
11
0.4762
0.6339
11
0.5529
0.6835
12
0.4575
0.612
12
0.5324
0.6614
13
0.4409
0.5923
13
0.5339
0.6411
14
0.4259
0.5742
14
0.4973
0.6226
15
0.412
0.5577
15
0.4821
0.6055
16
4000
0.5425
16
0.4683
0.5897
17
0.3887
0.5285
17
0.4555
0.5751
18
0.3783
0.5155
18
0.4438
0.5614
19
0.3687
0.5034
19
0.4329
0.5487
20
0.3598
0.4921
20
0.4227
0.
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ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used to determine if the healing times of blisters (in days) were significantly different between three treatment groups: Treatment A, Treatment B, and placebo. The data met the assumptions of ANOVA. The ANOVA results showed a significant difference between the groups (p=0.006). Post hoc tests revealed the placebo group took significantly longer to heal than Treatment A, with no other significant differences between the groups.
ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used to determine if the healing times of blisters (in days) were significantly different between three treatment groups: Treatment A, Treatment B, and placebo. The data showed average healing times of 7.25 days for Treatment A, 8.88 days for Treatment B, and 10.11 days for the placebo. ANOVA found a significant difference between the groups (p=0.006), indicating that at least one treatment was more effective than the others in reducing blister healing time. Post-hoc tests were then used to determine the specific differences between treatment pairs.
ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used to determine if the healing times of blisters (in days) were significantly different between three treatment groups: Treatment A, Treatment B, and placebo. The data met the assumptions of ANOVA. The ANOVA results showed a significant difference between the groups (p=0.006). Post hoc tests revealed the placebo group took significantly longer to heal than Treatment A, with no other significant differences between the groups.
ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used to determine if the healing time of blisters (in days) was significantly different between three treatment groups: Treatment A, Treatment B, and placebo. The data met the assumptions of ANOVA. The ANOVA results showed a significant difference between the groups (p=0.006). Post hoc tests revealed the placebo group took significantly longer to heal than Treatment A, with no other significant differences between the groups.
Error - What is it?
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Standard Deviation or Standard Error of Measurement
Why all the fuss about Error?
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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land.
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accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
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Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
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help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
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9
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UMU Faculty Lecture 2012
1. Effect of Program Type & Presence of
Public Service Announcements
on Attitudes toward People with
Mental Illness
Tamara Daily, Ph.D.
University of Mount Union
Faculty Lecture
October 17th, 2012
2. Hillibish asks, “Why zombies? Blame the media – who else?”
I ask, “Why did this writer choose to invoke the image of the
psychotic serial killer?”
3. Media & Mental Illness
• Mainstream media is filled with images of people
with mental illness.
• Much of that imagery is negative (often
associating mental illness with violence)
(Wahl, 1995).
• What is the impact of negative portrayals on
attitudes toward people with mental illness?
• What impact do public service announcements
designed to reduce stigma have on attitudes
when placed in different types of programs?
• Does violent content (no discussion of mental
illness) have a negative effect on attitudes?
4. What is the Stereotype?
• Dangerous
• Unpredictable
• Childlike
• Incompetent
• Blameworthy/Malingering
• Contagious/Untreatable
6. Method
• Participants:
– 163 Mount Union College (now University of Mount
Union) students.
– 108 Females and 55 Males
– The majority of participants were freshmen (n = 62) or
sophomores (n = 57).
– The vast majority (91%) reported having had an
encounter with a person with a mental illness (n =
148).
– Fewer than half (45%) reported working with
someone with a mental illness (n = 73).
– 33% (n = 53) reported having a family member with a
mental illness.
7. Method
• Materials:
– DVD’s:
• CSI: Committed (Season 5); CSI: Crow’s Feet (Season 5);
When Weather Changed History: Challenger.
• PSA’s from SAMHSA and the AD Council which were
available on the internet for download.
• Episodes were edited: one commercial/PSA per break.
– Questionnaires:
• Demographic items.
• The General Attribution Questionnaire (GAQ-20) and
the Psychiatric Disability Attribution Questionnaire
(PDAQ) were used to assess attitudes.
• Subscales were modified in some cases.
8.
9. Method
• Design & Procedure
– 3 X 2 between-subjects factorial design with 6
groups.
– Participants arrived at a lab where they watched
their assigned television program.
– They then completed the questionnaire on-line
using SurveyMonkey.
Committed with PSAs Crow’s Feet with PSAs Challenger with PSAs
(n = 32) (n = 28) (n = 33)
Committed no PSAs Crow’s Feet no PSAs Challenger no PSAs
(n = 26) (n = 21) (n = 23)
10. Fear & Dangerousness
• The main effect for television program was
significant, F(2, 162) = 15.43, p = .000.
– Collapsing across PSA conditions, Committed (M =
4.41, SD = 1.52) viewers tended to report significantly
greater fear and dangerousness than viewers of
Crow’s Feet (M = 3.32, SD = 1.44, p = .000) and
Challenger (M = 2.92, SD = 1.37, p = .000).
– Scores for Crow’s Feet and Challenger did not differ
significantly, p = .334.
• There was a trend toward lessened stigma when
participants saw PSA’s (M = 3.40 , SD = 1.48)
when compared to when they didn’t (M = 3.79
, SD = 1.68). However, the main effect for PSA
was non-significant, F(1, 162) = 2.77, p = .098.
11. Fear & Dangerousness
9.00
8.00
7.00
Mean Scale Score
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
PSA's No PSA's
Committed 4.38 4.45
Crow's Feet 2.97 3.77
Challenger 2.80 3.08
Higher scores reflect greater fear and dangerousness associated with people with
mental illness (α = .93). Sample: People with mental illness terrify me (GAQ-20).
12. Anger & Irritation
• Overall levels of anger and irritation were low.
• There was some tendency for Committed (M =
2.93 , SD = 1.46) viewers to report higher
levels of anger and irritation than viewers of
Crow’s Feet (M = 2.77 , SD = 1.21) and
Challenger (M = 2.36 , SD = 1.13).
• The main effect for television program was
non-significant, F(2, 157) = 2.81, p = .063, as
was the main effect for PSA, F(1, 157) =
.519, p = .472.
13. Anger & Irritation
9.00
8.00
7.00
Mean Scale Score
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
PSA's No PSA's
Committed 2.84 3.04
Crow's Feet 2.71 2.84
Challenger 2.31 2.44
Higher scores reflect greater anger and irritation (α=.765). Sample: How irritated
would you be made by a person with mental illness? (GAQ-20).
14. Avoidance
• Across conditions, participants did not differ
significantly in terms of their desire to avoid people
with depression.
• When asked about avoiding those with
psychosis, however, the main effect for television
program was significant (F(2, 157) = 8.72, p = .000).
– Committed (M = 4.26 , SD = 1.10) viewers expressed a
greater preference for avoidance of those with psychosis
than viewers of Crow’s Feet (M = 3.67, SD =.75, p = .004)
or Challenger (M = 3.55 , SD =.89, p = .000).
– Scores for Crow’s Feet and Challenger did not differ
significantly, p = .183.
• The main effect for PSA was also significant with those
who did not see PSA’s (M = 4.01 , SD =.93) preferring
greater avoidance from those with psychosis than
those who did (M = 3.71 , SD = 1.00), F(1, 157) = 3.79, p
= .053.
15. Avoidance of People with Psychosis
7.00
6.00
Mean Scale Score
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
PSA's No PSA's
Committed 4.16 4.38
Crow's Feet 3.54 3.86
Challenger 3.42 3.74
Higher scores reflect stronger need to avoid people with mental illness.
Sample: I would try to avoid people with mental illness (PDAQ)
16. Provide Help
• Collapsing across PSA conditions, Committed viewers
tended to express significantly less willingness to help
than did participants in the other two groups, F(2, 157)
= 9.20, p = .000.
– Committed (M = 5.08 , SD = 1.44) viewers tended to be
less willing to help than Crow’s Feet (M = 4.02 , SD =
1.50, p = .001) viewers and Challenger viewers (M = 3.97
, SD = 1.49, p = .000) viewers.
– Scores for Crow’s Feet and Challenger did not differ
significantly, p = .985.
• Collapsing across television programs, participants
exposed to PSA’s (M = 4.04 , SD = 1.53) tended to
express significantly greater willingness to help than
did those who were not exposed to PSA’s (M = 4.84
, SD = 1.49), F(1, 157) = 12.28, p = .001.
17. Provide Help
9.00
8.00
7.00
Mean Scale Score
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
PSA's No PSA's
Committed 4.97 5.21
Crow's Feet 3.52 4.69
Challenger 3.58 4.54
Higher scores reflect less willingness to help (α=.512). Sample: How likely is it
that you would help a person with a mental illness? (GAQ=20)
18. Sympathy & Concern and Pity
• In terms of sympathy and concern (higher scores
reflect less sympathy or concern for people with
mental illness) the main effect for television
program was non-significant, F(2, 157) = .099, p =
.906, as was that for PSA, F(1, 157) = 1.64, p =
.201.
• In terms of pity, participants’ responses were
very similar across conditions. The main effect for
television program was non-significant, F(2, 157)
= .261, p = .771, as was that for PSA, F(1, 157) =
.732, p = .394.
19. Feeling Sorry
• In terms of how sorry participants felt for people with
depression, there was little variation across conditions
and neither main effect was significant (for both p >
.05).
• For psychosis, however, there was a significant main
effect for television program, F(2, 157) = 3.92, p = .022.
– Committed (M = 5.71 , SD = 2.09) viewers reported feeling
less sorry for people with psychosis than Crow’s Feet
viewers (M = 5.35 , SD = 2.60, p = .019) and somewhat less
so than Challenger viewers (M = 5.52 , SD = 2.44, p = .08).
– Scores for Crow’s Feet and Challenger did not differ
significantly, p = .801.
• The main effect for PSA was non-significant, F(1, 157) =
1.13, p = .29.
20. Feeling Sorry for People with Psychosis
7.00
6.00
Mean Scale Score
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
PSA's No PSA's
Committed 2.75 3.12
Crow's Feet 3.50 3.43
Challenger 3.24 3.48
Higher scores reflect feeling more sorry for the person. Sample: How much
sympathy would you feel for a person with a mental illness? (PDAQ).
21. Discussion
• Watching a television program which overtly
paired mental illness and violence had a negative
impact on attitudes in the domains of fear and
dangerousness, avoidance of those with
psychosis, willingness to help and feeling sorry
for those with psychosis.
– Violence alone (Crow’s Feet) did not produce this
effect.
• Viewing stigma-reduction PSAs had an overall
positive effect in the domains of avoidance of
people with psychosis and willingness to help.
– This effect was most pronounced in the context of
mental illness neutral programming (Crow’s Feet and
Challenger) and less so in stigmatizing programming
(both violence and mental illness).
22. Discussion
• These findings may suggest, first, that programs
communicating the message that people with
mental illness are violent and dangerous do in
fact have the potential to make viewers’ attitudes
more negative.
– This counters the media argument that viewers know
what they are seeing is fictional and will therefore not
allow it to affect their opinions and beliefs.
• Second, PSAs, while positive in their impact
overall in specific domains, are limited in their
ability to cancel out the negative impact of highly
stigmatizing material.
– Changing program content should remain a priority.
23. American Horror Story: Asylum
• Set in 1964, American Horror Story: Asylum takes us into a
Church-run haven for the criminally insane, ruled with an
iron fist by Sister Jude (Jessica Lange), a nun with a troubled
past. Inside this locked down facility, danger lurks around
every corner. From Nazis and serial killers, to mutants and
aliens, no one is safe inside these walls.
• Starring Jessica Lange as “Sister Jude”, Sarah Paulson as
“Lana Winters”, James Cromwell as “Dr. Arthur Arden,”
Evan Peters as “Kit Walker,” Lily Rabe as “Sister Mary
Eunice,” Lizzie Brocheré as “Grace,” Zachary Quinto as “Dr.
Oliver Thredson,” and Joseph Fiennes as “Monsignor
Timothy Howard.” Guest stars for the miniseries will include
Frances Conroy, Chloe Sevigny, Adam Levine and Mark
Consuelos.
24.
25. References
• The Advertising Council. (2007). Door [Video file]. Available from
http://www.whatadifference.samhsa.gov/index.html
• The Advertising Council. (2007). Friends [Video file]. Available from
http://www.whatadifference.samhsa.gov/index.html
• Berman, J. (Writer), & Lewis, R. J. (Director). (2004). Crow’s Feet
[Television series episode]. In J. Bruckheimer (Executive
producer), CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. New York, NY: CBS
Productions.
• Goldfinger, S. (Writer), Narsu, U. (Writer), & Lewis, R. J. (Director).
(2005). Committed [Television series episode]. In J. Bruckheimer
(Executive producer), CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. New York, NY:
CBS Productions.
• Towers, J. (Executive producer). (2008). Challenger Disaster
[Television series episode]. In J. Towers (Executive producer), When
Weather Changed History. Chicago, IL: Towers Productions.
• Wahl, O. (1995). Media madness: Public images of mental illness.
New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Editor's Notes
The interaction was non-sig. (p = .417)
The interaction was also non-significant, p = .986.
The interaction between television program and PSA was non-significant, p = .958.