The Electric Eye MIT researchers are developing a microchip that could help blind people regain partial eyesight by enabling them to recognize faces and navigate rooms without assistance. The chip would be implanted in the eye and connect to a camera-equipped pair of glasses to transmit images to the brain. The YikeBike The YikeBike is a folding electric bicycle from New Zealand that can reach speeds of 12 mph. It is steered by leaning and has electronic brakes. The first 100 will be available by mid-2010. Wooden Bones Italian scientists are creating an artificial bone replacement using wood that is expected to allow natural bones to regenerate faster than traditional implants, shortening recovery times

1. The Electric Eye
MIT researchers are developing a microchip that could help blind people regain partial eyesight. Though it won't completely restore normal vision,
it will enable a blind person to recognize faces and navigate a room without assistance. The chip, which is encased in titanium to prevent water
damage, will be implanted onto a patient's eyeball. The patient will then wear a pair of eyeglasses equipped with a tiny camera that transmits images
directly to the chip, which in turn sends them to the brain. With any luck, human trials are only a few years away.
The YikeBike
The YikeBike is a folding electric bicycle out of New Zealand. The rider sits on the seat, holds on at the sides and zooms around at a top speed of 12
m.p.h. (20 km/h). You lean left or right to steer, and it even comes with electronic antiskid brakes. The first 100 YikeBikes will be road-ready by
mid-2010. The YikeBike weighs roughly 20 lb. (9 kg) and runs on a lithium phosphate battery that can be charged to 80% capacity in 20 minutes
Wooden Bones
It's odd to think of putting sticks of wood inside people as a revolutionary medical procedure, but that's exactly what a group of Italian scientists is
working on. They're using wood — red oak, rattan and sipo work best — to create an artificial bone replacement called carbonated hydroxyapatite.
Because of the sponginess of the wood, live bones are expected to grow into the structure faster than with traditional titanium or ceramic implants,
decreasing the time it takes to mend a broken bone. The procedure isn't quite ready for human testing, so sheep are currently testing the artificial
bones.
The Nissan Leaf
It's not the world's first electric car, but the Nissan Leaf, launched in August 2009, is the first fully electric vehicle built for mass production for the
global market. To help drivers shift their thinking from gas to green, Japan's third largest automaker has about 30 partnerships worldwide focused
on developing an infrastructure of battery-recharging stations to keep electric vehicles on the roads. The car's top speed is more than 90 m.p.h. (145

2. km/h), and its range is 100 miles (160 km) on a full charge. When it moves, it makes a futuristic sound like the flying cars in “Blade Runner”. Nissan
will produce 50,000 Leafs each year at its Oppama plant, southwest of Tokyo, starting in the fall of 2010.
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• If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses. Henry Ford
• When you innovate, you’ve got to be prepared for everyone telling you you’re nuts. Larry Ellison
• It’s not that I’m deliberately trying to shock people all the time. I’m just doing things that are obvious to me.
It’s because the public doesn’t understand my way of thinking that they get surprised. Takafumi Horie
• Obviously everyone wants to be successful, but I want to be looked back on as being very innovative,
very trusted and ethical and ultimately making a big difference in the world. Sergey Brin
• We can believe that we know where the world should go. But unless we’re in touch with our customers,
our model of the world can diverge from reality. There’s no substitute for innovation, of course,
but innovation is no substitute for being in touch, either. Steve Ballmer
• Our enemies are innovative and resourceful, and so are we. They never stop thinking about new ways
to harm our country and our people, and neither do we. ‘George Bushism’ 
U13 ‘Innovation’/ Active vocabulary
1
The words in bold from ‘Business Brief’; Business Vocabulary in Use, U20 ‘Innovation’, pp.48-49, and U21 ‘Preparing for the future’,
pp.50-51.
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2
The adjectives from ML, Vocabulary C, p.109.
p.108 Starting up
home entertainment (n)
innovation (n)
p.109 Vocabulary A, B, C, D
airbag (n)
apply for a patent/ a licence (license) (col)
brainwave (n)
breakthrough (n)
cell (n)
clone (n,v)
concept (n)
controversial (adj)
disposable contact lenses (col)
escalator (n)
fault (n)
GM/ genetically-modified (adj)
go back to the drawing board (idm)
heart pacemaker (n)
lone inventor (col)
make a discovery (col)
mammal (n)
out-of-date (adj)
perfect (v)
Post-it note (n)
remote control (n)
setback (n)
solution (n)
traffic signal (n)
vacuum cleaner (n)
working model (col)
pp.110-111 Reading A, B, C, D

3. anti-ageing cream (col)
articulate (v)
be/ lie at the root of sth (col)
build brands (col)
business unit (n)
celebrate innovators (col)
collect feedback (col)
company-wide (adj,adv)
contend (v)
conventional method (col)
core business (n)
cut down on test-marketing (col)
cut your reliance (on sb/ sth) (col)
deeply involved (col)
evenly distributed (col)
external source (col)
fat bonus (col)
frustration (n)
gain (n)
(chemicals) giant (n)
give out (modest) rewards (col)
intuitive (adj)
labour in anonymity (col)
learn something insightful (col)
market (v)
marketer (n)
mind you (phr)
new entry (col)
one-on-one (adj)
organic growth (col)
pay schemes (n)
post sth on a(n) (internal) website (col)
present findings (col)
put out a product (col)
report directly to sb (col)
return on (innovation) investments (col)
revamp (v)
rigour (rigor) (n)
roll-out (n)
stock option (n)
the rank and file (idm)
trend-based business (col)
vast area (col)
washing powder (n)
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3
The expressions from ML, Useful language box, p.113.
pp.111-112 Language review A, B, C
grant approval (col)
consortium (n)
enhance an ability (col)
knight (sb for sth) (v)
make modifications (col)
prestigious award (col)
test-drive (v)
thinker (n)
trial (n)

4. p.112 Listening A, B
back-up plan (col)
build a rapport (col)
grab attention (col)
jargon (n)
question and answer session (col)
seating arrangement (col)
striking image (col)
the KISS principle (keep-it-short-and-simple) (n)
vary (v)
pp.112-113 Skills A, B, C, D, E
brief (adj)
careers evening (col)
distinctive (adj)
foil (n)
high (visual) impact (col)
nationwide (adj,adv)
perks (n)
promising (adj)
script (n)
shortly (adv)
test launch (n)
thoroughly (adv)
pp.114-115 Case study
all too often (phr)
briefcase (n)
broadcast (v)
canvas (n)
embroidery (n)
fibre (n)
flick a switch (col)
get away with sth (phr v)
leather (n)
look out for sth (phr v)
mock (adj)
panel of judges (col)
printed fabric (col)
reflect light (col)
runner-up (n)
slick (adj)
space-age (adj)
tailored (adj)
televise (v)
tension (n)
textured (adj)
thing of the past (idm)
thread (n)