uXML is an experiment that uses XML to provide a common representation of different programming paradigms. It aims to represent semantics of languages like C, Pascal, Java, Lisp and Python through an XML schema. This unified representation enables development of tools like code analysis, metrics, interpreters and converters. While uXML covers key features of different paradigms, not all advanced language features are included. The representation is extensible by adding new languages or metrics. Future work includes improving efficiency and developing robust conversion tools.
This document provides an overview of the C programming language. It begins with an outline of topics covered, then discusses the history and development of C. Key features of C mentioned include its portability, speed, and ability to be extended by users. The document explains the role of compilers in converting C code to object code. It also includes examples of basic C programs and flowcharts, and covers C concepts like data types, variables, operators, and control structures. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to the C language, its history and basics.
(chapter 3) A Concise and Practical Introduction to Programming Algorithms in...Frank Nielsen
These are the slides accompanying the textbook:
A Concise and Practical Introduction to Programming Algorithms in Java
by Frank Nielsen
Published by Springer-Verlag (2009), Undergraduate textbook in computer science (UTiCS series)
ISBN: 978-1-84882-338-9
http://www.lix.polytechnique.fr/~nielsen/JavaProgramming/
http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-84882-339-6
This document discusses storage classes in the C programming language. It begins with an introduction to the C language and its history. The main body of the document then covers the four primary storage classes in C - automatic, register, static, and external. For each class, it provides details on storage location, default initial value, scope, and lifetime. Examples are provided to illustrate the behavior and usage of variables for each storage class. The key differences between the four classes are summarized in a table at the end.
Program structure in Lisp can be summarized as follows:
1. Forms are the basic units of computation and come in various types like self-evaluating forms, symbols, lists, and special forms.
2. Variables and functions are defined using symbols and lambda expressions. Variables can be global or local while functions can be named or anonymous.
3. Control structures like conditionals and loops are implemented using special forms. Macros allow defining new syntactic constructs that are expanded before evaluation.
4. Top-level forms interact through a read-eval-print loop and can declare global variables, constants, and functions. Special forms control aspects like compilation and loading.
Functions allow programmers to organize code into reusable blocks. A function is defined with a return type, name, parameters, and body. Functions can return values and accept arguments. Arguments are passed by value by default, meaning changes inside the function don't affect the original arguments. Functions are called by name and passing any required arguments. Functions improve code organization and reuse.
The document discusses the C programming language. It provides a brief history of C, describes its data types and operators. It then presents 26 sample C programs demonstrating basic concepts like input/output, conditional statements, loops, functions, arrays and strings. The programs cover calculations, pattern printing, factorial, Fibonacci series and other simple programming examples.
Automating Interaction Testing with UML Sequence Diagrams: Where TDD and UML ...João Pascoal Faria
1) The document discusses automating interaction testing using UML sequence diagrams. Sequence diagrams can be used to specify tests by capturing message exchanges between objects.
2) An add-in for Enterprise Architect was created to generate JUnit test code from sequence diagrams. This allows modeling object interactions and automatically generating black-box and internal behavior tests.
3) The generated tests execute the specified method calls and parameter checks, as well as validating object creations and returns. Exceptions can also be tested. This provides a lightweight yet effective way to model and test object interactions.
slide1: the content of functons
slide2: Introduction to function
slide3:function advantages
slide4 -5: types of functions
slide6: elements of user defined functions
This document provides an overview of the C programming language. It begins with an outline of topics covered, then discusses the history and development of C. Key features of C mentioned include its portability, speed, and ability to be extended by users. The document explains the role of compilers in converting C code to object code. It also includes examples of basic C programs and flowcharts, and covers C concepts like data types, variables, operators, and control structures. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to the C language, its history and basics.
(chapter 3) A Concise and Practical Introduction to Programming Algorithms in...Frank Nielsen
These are the slides accompanying the textbook:
A Concise and Practical Introduction to Programming Algorithms in Java
by Frank Nielsen
Published by Springer-Verlag (2009), Undergraduate textbook in computer science (UTiCS series)
ISBN: 978-1-84882-338-9
http://www.lix.polytechnique.fr/~nielsen/JavaProgramming/
http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-84882-339-6
This document discusses storage classes in the C programming language. It begins with an introduction to the C language and its history. The main body of the document then covers the four primary storage classes in C - automatic, register, static, and external. For each class, it provides details on storage location, default initial value, scope, and lifetime. Examples are provided to illustrate the behavior and usage of variables for each storage class. The key differences between the four classes are summarized in a table at the end.
Program structure in Lisp can be summarized as follows:
1. Forms are the basic units of computation and come in various types like self-evaluating forms, symbols, lists, and special forms.
2. Variables and functions are defined using symbols and lambda expressions. Variables can be global or local while functions can be named or anonymous.
3. Control structures like conditionals and loops are implemented using special forms. Macros allow defining new syntactic constructs that are expanded before evaluation.
4. Top-level forms interact through a read-eval-print loop and can declare global variables, constants, and functions. Special forms control aspects like compilation and loading.
Functions allow programmers to organize code into reusable blocks. A function is defined with a return type, name, parameters, and body. Functions can return values and accept arguments. Arguments are passed by value by default, meaning changes inside the function don't affect the original arguments. Functions are called by name and passing any required arguments. Functions improve code organization and reuse.
The document discusses the C programming language. It provides a brief history of C, describes its data types and operators. It then presents 26 sample C programs demonstrating basic concepts like input/output, conditional statements, loops, functions, arrays and strings. The programs cover calculations, pattern printing, factorial, Fibonacci series and other simple programming examples.
Automating Interaction Testing with UML Sequence Diagrams: Where TDD and UML ...João Pascoal Faria
1) The document discusses automating interaction testing using UML sequence diagrams. Sequence diagrams can be used to specify tests by capturing message exchanges between objects.
2) An add-in for Enterprise Architect was created to generate JUnit test code from sequence diagrams. This allows modeling object interactions and automatically generating black-box and internal behavior tests.
3) The generated tests execute the specified method calls and parameter checks, as well as validating object creations and returns. Exceptions can also be tested. This provides a lightweight yet effective way to model and test object interactions.
slide1: the content of functons
slide2: Introduction to function
slide3:function advantages
slide4 -5: types of functions
slide6: elements of user defined functions
This document provides an overview of the C programming language development process. It discusses the different phases a C program goes through from editing the source code to execution. It describes the preprocessor, compiler, linker, and loader and their roles. It also covers C program structures like comments, header files, and the main function. Finally, it discusses some C fundamentals like data types, variables, literals, and variable scope.
User-defined functions are similar to the MATLAB pre-defined functions. A function is a MATLAB program that can accept inputs and produce outputs. A function can be called or executed by another program or function.
Code for a function is done in an Editor window or any text editor same way as script and saved as m-file. The m-file must have the same name as the function.
A MATLAB function that accepts another function as an input is called a function function. Function handles are used for passing functions to function functions. Syntax for function function is same as simple functions, but one or more input arguments will be function handles.
Multiple functions within one function file is called local function. Name of function file should be name of main function. Main function can be called from the command window or any other function. Local functions are typed in any order after the main function. Local functions are only visible to other functions in the same file.
A private function is a function residing in a sub directory with the name private. Private functions are visible only to functions in the parent directory.
Contains C programming tutorial for beginners with lot of examples explained. This tutorial contains each and every feature of C programming that will help you. C programming tutorial covering basic C Programming examples, data types, functions, loops, arrays, pointers, etc.
1) The document discusses object-oriented programming (OOPS) concepts in ABAP such as classes, objects, attributes, methods, inheritance, polymorphism, and exceptions.
2) It provides examples of creating local and global classes, defining methods, and handling exceptions.
3) Key aspects covered include defining classes, creating objects, accessing attributes and methods, static and instance methods/attributes, and using constructor methods.
Control structures in Lisp provide a variety of special structures for organizing programs, including control structures that determine the flow of control. Common Lisp provides simple one-way and two-way conditionals, more general multi-way conditionals, and constructs for performing non-local exits with various scoping disciplines. It also provides constants, variables, functions for referencing values, assignment, generalized variables, function invocation, simple sequencing, blocks and exits, iterations like DO loops, and mapping functions.
C# is a modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft and approved by European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) and International Standards Organization (ISO). Now AI Change the world no need to learn any langue just download gemini app (https://geminiaiapk.com/) and after that you are developer
This document discusses the diamond problem that can occur with multiple inheritance in C++. When a class inherits from two parent classes that both inherit from the same grandparent class, it can cause ambiguities when calling methods from the grandparent class. To resolve this, the inheritance relationships must be specified as virtual to ensure there is only one instance of the grandparent class in the inheritance hierarchy.
An interface in Java is a blueprint of a class that defines static constants and abstract methods. Interfaces are used to achieve abstraction and multiple inheritance in Java. An interface can only contain abstract methods without a method body. A class implementing an interface must implement all the methods declared in the interface. Interfaces allow for achieving loose coupling between classes.
A Java method is a collection of statements that are grouped together to perform an operation. Methods can be created to take parameters and return values, and methods can be overloaded when multiple methods have the same name but different parameters. The this keyword refers to the current instance of a class and is used to differentiate between instance variables and local variables, or to call another constructor.
The document discusses the design and implementation of the first pass of a two-pass assembler. It explains that the first pass separates symbols, mnemonics, opcodes and operands, builds a symbol table, performs location counter processing, and constructs an intermediate representation for use by the second pass. This includes entering symbols into the symbol table with their addresses, allocating memory for literals, and generating intermediate code consisting of operation codes, symbols, and literals. The example shows the symbol table, literal table, and intermediate code generated by the first pass for a sample assembly program.
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses "objects" to model real-world entities. Key concepts of OOP include abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. C++ was created by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 as an extension of C with object-oriented capabilities. It supports both procedural and object-oriented programming. C++ has become one of the most popular and widely used general-purpose programming languages.
Julia - Easier, Better, Faster, StrongerKenta Sato
This document discusses how the Julia programming language is easier, better, faster and stronger than other languages. It provides examples of Julia's familiar syntax that is similar to other languages. Julia also has a just-in-time compiler that does not require pre-compilation. It supports various numerical types for technical computing and has extensive library support. Benchmarks show Julia's performance is comparable to C/Fortran and much faster than interpreted languages. An example N Queens puzzle demonstrates Julia's speed in solving recursive problems.
Efficient Model Partitioning for Distributed Model TransformationsAmine Benelallam
The document describes a two-step approach for partitioning models to enable efficient distributed model transformations. The first step extracts access patterns from transformation rules as sequences of model element footprints. The second step uses these footprints to partition the input model elements across worker nodes in a way that maximizes data locality while balancing computational load. The partitioning algorithm uses an online approximation of the model's dependency graph and buffering to assign elements to machines.
The document provides an overview of the C++ programming language. It discusses what C++ is, its history and features. It then outlines various C++ concepts like identifiers, constants, data types, comments, operators, variables, and statements. It also covers control structures like decision making statements (if-else, switch), looping (for, while, do-while), and functions. The document is intended as a lecture on the basic elements of the C++ language.
The document discusses storage classes and functions in C/C++. It explains the four storage classes - automatic, external, static, and register - and what keyword is used for each. It provides examples of how to declare variables of each storage class. The document also discusses different types of functions like library functions, user-defined functions, function declaration, definition, categories based on arguments and return values, actual and formal arguments, default arguments, and recursion.
The document discusses new features in C#2 for iterators and nullable types. It describes how C#2 introduced iterator blocks using the "yield" keyword to more easily implement iterators. This allows iterators to be defined without having to implement interfaces. The document also explains how C#2 introduced the Nullable type to allow value types to represent null values. It can be used with the ? syntax sugar and supports lifting operators to work with nullable types.
This document contains 24 points summarizing key Java concepts such as keywords and reserved words, memory allocation parameters, garbage collection, wrapper classes, arrays, static imports, variable types, compilation units, operator precedence, conversions and casting, switch statements, enumeration, and more. It was prepared by Farag Zakaria Safy Saad as a study guide for the Java programming language.
This document provides an introduction to a programming fundamentals course. It outlines the course objectives of appreciating the need for a programming language, introducing structured programming methodology, and developing a useful physics program. It then details the course contents which will cover basic programming constructs, structured programming, OOP concepts, and an introduction to C++ including variables, control structures, functions, arrays, pointers, and object-oriented programming. Resources and the course policy on assignments, exams, and grading are also included.
The storage class determines where a variable is stored in memory (CPU registers or RAM) and its scope and lifetime. There are four storage classes in C: automatic, register, static, and external. Automatic variables are stored in memory, have block scope, and are reinitialized each time the block is entered. Register variables try to store in CPU registers for faster access but may be stored in memory. Static variables are also stored in memory but retain their value between function calls. External variables have global scope and lifetime across the entire program.
A enorme ênfase que se dá `a competição durante as fases de desenvolvimento das crianças e adolescentes é uma questão de grande preocupação para todos. Por isso, devemos estar atentos e nos munir de boa literatura na necessidade de buscar uma alternativa.
This document discusses a correspondence program between students in different countries called Correspondencia Uno a Uno. The program allows students to exchange letters to learn about each other's cultures and practice their language skills. Students who participate in the program communicate with pen pals from other parts of the world and discuss their daily lives and interests.
This document provides an overview of the C programming language development process. It discusses the different phases a C program goes through from editing the source code to execution. It describes the preprocessor, compiler, linker, and loader and their roles. It also covers C program structures like comments, header files, and the main function. Finally, it discusses some C fundamentals like data types, variables, literals, and variable scope.
User-defined functions are similar to the MATLAB pre-defined functions. A function is a MATLAB program that can accept inputs and produce outputs. A function can be called or executed by another program or function.
Code for a function is done in an Editor window or any text editor same way as script and saved as m-file. The m-file must have the same name as the function.
A MATLAB function that accepts another function as an input is called a function function. Function handles are used for passing functions to function functions. Syntax for function function is same as simple functions, but one or more input arguments will be function handles.
Multiple functions within one function file is called local function. Name of function file should be name of main function. Main function can be called from the command window or any other function. Local functions are typed in any order after the main function. Local functions are only visible to other functions in the same file.
A private function is a function residing in a sub directory with the name private. Private functions are visible only to functions in the parent directory.
Contains C programming tutorial for beginners with lot of examples explained. This tutorial contains each and every feature of C programming that will help you. C programming tutorial covering basic C Programming examples, data types, functions, loops, arrays, pointers, etc.
1) The document discusses object-oriented programming (OOPS) concepts in ABAP such as classes, objects, attributes, methods, inheritance, polymorphism, and exceptions.
2) It provides examples of creating local and global classes, defining methods, and handling exceptions.
3) Key aspects covered include defining classes, creating objects, accessing attributes and methods, static and instance methods/attributes, and using constructor methods.
Control structures in Lisp provide a variety of special structures for organizing programs, including control structures that determine the flow of control. Common Lisp provides simple one-way and two-way conditionals, more general multi-way conditionals, and constructs for performing non-local exits with various scoping disciplines. It also provides constants, variables, functions for referencing values, assignment, generalized variables, function invocation, simple sequencing, blocks and exits, iterations like DO loops, and mapping functions.
C# is a modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft and approved by European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) and International Standards Organization (ISO). Now AI Change the world no need to learn any langue just download gemini app (https://geminiaiapk.com/) and after that you are developer
This document discusses the diamond problem that can occur with multiple inheritance in C++. When a class inherits from two parent classes that both inherit from the same grandparent class, it can cause ambiguities when calling methods from the grandparent class. To resolve this, the inheritance relationships must be specified as virtual to ensure there is only one instance of the grandparent class in the inheritance hierarchy.
An interface in Java is a blueprint of a class that defines static constants and abstract methods. Interfaces are used to achieve abstraction and multiple inheritance in Java. An interface can only contain abstract methods without a method body. A class implementing an interface must implement all the methods declared in the interface. Interfaces allow for achieving loose coupling between classes.
A Java method is a collection of statements that are grouped together to perform an operation. Methods can be created to take parameters and return values, and methods can be overloaded when multiple methods have the same name but different parameters. The this keyword refers to the current instance of a class and is used to differentiate between instance variables and local variables, or to call another constructor.
The document discusses the design and implementation of the first pass of a two-pass assembler. It explains that the first pass separates symbols, mnemonics, opcodes and operands, builds a symbol table, performs location counter processing, and constructs an intermediate representation for use by the second pass. This includes entering symbols into the symbol table with their addresses, allocating memory for literals, and generating intermediate code consisting of operation codes, symbols, and literals. The example shows the symbol table, literal table, and intermediate code generated by the first pass for a sample assembly program.
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses "objects" to model real-world entities. Key concepts of OOP include abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. C++ was created by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 as an extension of C with object-oriented capabilities. It supports both procedural and object-oriented programming. C++ has become one of the most popular and widely used general-purpose programming languages.
Julia - Easier, Better, Faster, StrongerKenta Sato
This document discusses how the Julia programming language is easier, better, faster and stronger than other languages. It provides examples of Julia's familiar syntax that is similar to other languages. Julia also has a just-in-time compiler that does not require pre-compilation. It supports various numerical types for technical computing and has extensive library support. Benchmarks show Julia's performance is comparable to C/Fortran and much faster than interpreted languages. An example N Queens puzzle demonstrates Julia's speed in solving recursive problems.
Efficient Model Partitioning for Distributed Model TransformationsAmine Benelallam
The document describes a two-step approach for partitioning models to enable efficient distributed model transformations. The first step extracts access patterns from transformation rules as sequences of model element footprints. The second step uses these footprints to partition the input model elements across worker nodes in a way that maximizes data locality while balancing computational load. The partitioning algorithm uses an online approximation of the model's dependency graph and buffering to assign elements to machines.
The document provides an overview of the C++ programming language. It discusses what C++ is, its history and features. It then outlines various C++ concepts like identifiers, constants, data types, comments, operators, variables, and statements. It also covers control structures like decision making statements (if-else, switch), looping (for, while, do-while), and functions. The document is intended as a lecture on the basic elements of the C++ language.
The document discusses storage classes and functions in C/C++. It explains the four storage classes - automatic, external, static, and register - and what keyword is used for each. It provides examples of how to declare variables of each storage class. The document also discusses different types of functions like library functions, user-defined functions, function declaration, definition, categories based on arguments and return values, actual and formal arguments, default arguments, and recursion.
The document discusses new features in C#2 for iterators and nullable types. It describes how C#2 introduced iterator blocks using the "yield" keyword to more easily implement iterators. This allows iterators to be defined without having to implement interfaces. The document also explains how C#2 introduced the Nullable type to allow value types to represent null values. It can be used with the ? syntax sugar and supports lifting operators to work with nullable types.
This document contains 24 points summarizing key Java concepts such as keywords and reserved words, memory allocation parameters, garbage collection, wrapper classes, arrays, static imports, variable types, compilation units, operator precedence, conversions and casting, switch statements, enumeration, and more. It was prepared by Farag Zakaria Safy Saad as a study guide for the Java programming language.
This document provides an introduction to a programming fundamentals course. It outlines the course objectives of appreciating the need for a programming language, introducing structured programming methodology, and developing a useful physics program. It then details the course contents which will cover basic programming constructs, structured programming, OOP concepts, and an introduction to C++ including variables, control structures, functions, arrays, pointers, and object-oriented programming. Resources and the course policy on assignments, exams, and grading are also included.
The storage class determines where a variable is stored in memory (CPU registers or RAM) and its scope and lifetime. There are four storage classes in C: automatic, register, static, and external. Automatic variables are stored in memory, have block scope, and are reinitialized each time the block is entered. Register variables try to store in CPU registers for faster access but may be stored in memory. Static variables are also stored in memory but retain their value between function calls. External variables have global scope and lifetime across the entire program.
A enorme ênfase que se dá `a competição durante as fases de desenvolvimento das crianças e adolescentes é uma questão de grande preocupação para todos. Por isso, devemos estar atentos e nos munir de boa literatura na necessidade de buscar uma alternativa.
This document discusses a correspondence program between students in different countries called Correspondencia Uno a Uno. The program allows students to exchange letters to learn about each other's cultures and practice their language skills. Students who participate in the program communicate with pen pals from other parts of the world and discuss their daily lives and interests.
Wareheim Insurance Consultants provides a variety of insurance options such as group health, dental, life, and disability plans as well as Section 125 plans and COBRA administration. They offer personalized service including risk analysis, semi-annual reviews, claims assistance, and a one-stop shop for both group and individual health insurance options. Their focus is on employee benefits through face-to-face meetings and representing major insurance providers.
Ranathambhore with Jungle Lore - Balmohan Vidya MandirHemant Phanse
Ranthambhore Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Rajasthan, India and contains a variety of wildlife including tigers, leopards, deer, and over 300 species of plants. The sanctuary contains forests and bodies of water that support many resident and migratory bird species. Visitors are allowed to explore the sanctuary on organized tours and are given instructions to observe wildlife quietly and avoid disturbing animals.
Bread can be used for more than just eating. It can be used to:
1) Absorb extra oil from hair or moisture from the body in a pinch.
2) Help put out small kitchen fires or absorb excess moisture from rice.
3) Plug sinks or prevent cakes from drying out when attached with toothpicks.
4) Pick up tiny glass shards or absorb blood from minor cuts.
Lee Clark has over 15 years of experience in sales and channel management roles within the IT industry. He has a proven track record of exceeding sales targets, including growing account revenues by over 400% in one role. His experience spans roles at companies including Veritas, Symantec, and MXSweep, where he specialized in developing channel partnerships and growing business. Clark is now seeking a new opportunity where he can apply his extensive industry knowledge and relationship management skills.
1. The document contains 45 lessons or pieces of advice about life.
2. Some of the lessons include paying off credit cards each month, saving for retirement starting with your first paycheck, and not wasting time hating others.
3. The lessons cover a wide range of topics from relationships and family to happiness, challenges, and making the most of each day.
The document summarizes a mobile marketing campaign launched by ATOPE and the environmental NGO SOS Mata Atlantica. The campaign involves sending daily SMS tips to subscribers about reducing carbon footprints and deforestation in Brazil. The tips are meant to educate and raise awareness among the public. SOS Mata Atlantica hopes the campaign gains support from telecom, media, and advertising companies to increase awareness of its mobile information service.
Lee Clark is an experienced sales professional with over 15 years in the IT industry. He has a proven track record of exceeding sales targets at companies such as Veritas and Symantec. Some of his accomplishments include being named Channel Manager of the Year for EMEA and growing the Nordics territory from $4M to $12M in sales. Currently, he is seeking a new sales role where he can continue leveraging his strong relationship building, account management, and business development skills.
This document provides guidance on how to effectively sell dental treatments to patients. It emphasizes tailoring recommendations to individual patient needs and readiness. Key recommendations include determining the appropriate scope of treatment for each patient, using pre-appointment calls and interviews to understand patient concerns and expectations, presenting diagnostic information in a way that justifies the desired treatment, and offering financial arrangements that make patients comfortable proceeding with care. The overall goal is to persuade patients by addressing their desires and making them feel good, while maintaining a focus on patient control over treatment decisions.
Ranthambhore Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Rajasthan, India and contains a variety of wildlife including tigers, leopards, deer, and over 300 species of plants. The sanctuary contains forests and bodies of water that support many resident and migratory bird species. Visitors are allowed to explore the sanctuary on organized tours and are given instructions to observe wildlife quietly and avoid disturbing behaviors.
FANTASY: We were given two weeks to do a schematic design for a wealthy couple in Birmingham. The Program called for a spacious art gallery wing to display the client\'s art collection. Enjoy!
El documento describe las 5 etapas del ciclo de aprendizaje (5E): 1) Enganche, donde se involucra a los estudiantes a través de lluvia de ideas y actividades desafiantes; 2) Exploración, donde observan y manipulan materiales para generar preguntas; 3) Explicación, donde incorporan significados valiosos para adaptarse a la realidad; 4) Elaboración, donde ponen en práctica los conocimientos adquiridos; 5) Evaluación, que se realiza en cada etapa para retroalimentar el conocimiento de los
The Charles River was historically used by Native Americans and later colonists for transportation, fishing, and industry. Through the 1800s and 1900s, the river became heavily polluted by factories dumping waste and sewage. Efforts in the late 20th century led to improved water quality and protection of wetlands. Today the river remains an important ecosystem and recreational area, though challenges from invasive species, development, and stormwater runoff persist.
The document provides an overview of the C programming language. It discusses that C is a general purpose, procedural language developed in 1972 at Bell Labs. C is a middle-level language as it allows programming at both high-level and assembly-level. Key aspects of C covered include data types, variables, operators, functions, arrays, pointers, memory management, and file handling. The document also provides examples of various C programming concepts.
IP Lab Manual for Kerala University 3 Year UG ProgrammeSAFAD ISMAIL
This document provides a lab manual for programming in C language. It contains the syllabus, objectives, outcomes and details of various experiments to be performed in the lab. The syllabus is divided into two parts - the first part covers basic C programming concepts like data types, operators, control structures etc. through 15 experiments. The second part deals with arrays, pointers, structures, files, functions etc. through various other experiments. It also provides information on setting up the programming environment in Linux using GCC compiler or Turbo C/C++ in Windows and the basic structure of a C program. The objectives are to introduce programming fundamentals and impart writing skills in C. The outcomes include understanding programming logic, writing algorithms, using data structures
The document provides an overview of the C programming language. It begins with a brief history of C and how it evolved from the B programming language to support UNIX. It describes C as a systems programming language that is close to hardware but with higher-level constructs than assembly. The rest of the document outlines key C language concepts like data types, variables, operators, functions, and control structures. It provides examples of how to use basic programming elements like if/else statements and switch statements.
fUML-Driven Design and Performance Analysis of Software Agents for Wireless S...Luca Berardinelli
The growing request for high-quality applications for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) demands model-driven approaches that facilitate the design and the early validation of extra-functional properties by combining design and analysis models. For this purpose, UML and several analysis-specific languages can be chosen and weaved through translational approaches. However, the complexity brought by the underlying technological spaces may hinder the adoption of UML-based approaches in the WSN domain. The recently introduced Foundational UML (fUML) standard provides a formal semantics to a strict UML subset, enabling the execution of UML models.
Leveraging fUML, we realize the Agilla Modeling Framework, an executable fUML model library, to conveniently design agent-based software applications for WSN and analyze their performance through the execution of the corresponding fUML model. A running case study is provided to show our framework at work.
The document discusses TypeScript concepts including:
- TypeScript adds static typing to JavaScript for type safety and catches errors.
- It is transpiled to JavaScript using a compiler for browser compatibility.
- The document covers TypeScript basics like functions, parameters, return types, interfaces, classes, modules and generics.
- Functions, parameters and return types are typed for type safety. Interfaces define structures without implementation.
- Classes create object templates with fields and methods. Namespaces and modules organize code. Generics enable code reuse.
This document provides an overview of part 2 of a course on specification languages. It discusses model based system design using SystemC. It introduces object oriented techniques for designing hardware systems and provides hands-on experience with SystemC. The material for part 2 includes slides, the SystemC language reference manual, and an exercise on building a functional model of a JPEG encoder/decoder in SystemC. It discusses key aspects of functional modeling in SystemC including modules, ports, processes, channels and the simulation engine.
This document provides an overview of compiler design and the first lecture in a compiler design course. It discusses the main components of a compiler including the lexical analyzer, parser, semantic analyzer, intermediate code generator, and target code generator. It provides examples of how a sample Java program is compiled to bytecode. The document also discusses the phases a compiler goes through to analyze, transform, and generate code from a source program. It notes that compilers are typically written in a high-level language and sometimes the same language being compiled. It outlines the course administration including a group compiler project, individual test, and course URL.
The document discusses user-defined functions in C programming. It covers topics like function declaration, definition, parameters, return values, function calls, categories of functions, recursion, scope and storage classes of variables in functions. Specifically, it defines a function, explains the need for user-defined functions, and describes the elements and different types of functions.
IIM.Com-FIT-Unit2(14.9.2021 TO 30.9.2021).pptxrajkumar490591
This document discusses various topics related to C programming language including:
- The structure of a typical C program which includes header files inclusion, main method declaration, variable declaration, function body, and return statement.
- Different types of variables in C like local, global, static, automatic, and external variables. Local variables are declared within a function while global variables are declared outside. Static variables retain their value between function calls.
- Key concepts like data types, valid variable names, compilers, linkers, and how a C program is executed after compilation.
C is a procedural programming language. It was developed in the early 1970s and is still widely used. The document provides an overview of key aspects of C including data types, variables, constants, operators, control statements like if/else, and functions. It also discusses C programming concepts like low-level vs high-level languages, header files, comments, escape sequences, and more. The document serves as a useful introduction and reference for someone learning the basics of the C programming language.
The document discusses Unit 4 of the Programming for Problem Solving course. It covers functions and pointers in C programming. Specifically, it discusses function declaration, definition, user-defined functions, storage classes, function prototypes, parameter passing methods (call by value and call by reference), recursion, pointers, pointer arithmetic, and dynamic memory allocation using pointers.
This document discusses scripts and functions in MATLAB. It begins by explaining that scripts are sets of commands saved with a .m file extension that run sequentially when the file is called. Functions are similar but declare inputs and outputs, and run in their own workspace. The document provides an example of a simple function that calculates trigonometric functions of an input angle. It also discusses function help text, workspaces, debugging techniques like breakpoints, and best practices for writing efficient code.
1) A function is a block of code that performs a specific task. Functions increase code reusability and improve readability.
2) There are two types of functions - predefined library functions and user-defined functions. User-defined functions are customized functions created by the user.
3) The main() function is where program execution begins. It can call other functions, which may themselves call additional functions. This creates a hierarchical relationship between calling and called functions.
A Project Based Lab Report On AMUZING JOKEDaniel Wachtel
The document describes a project report on checking if letters from two names can be rearranged to form the original names. It begins with contact information for the students and supervisor. It then includes a certificate confirming the project work, acknowledgements, an abstract describing the hashing algorithm used, and an index of sections. It discusses the aims, advantages and disadvantages of the project. It provides a data flow diagram and algorithms for each module. It also describes the software, hardware, implementation, integration and system testing done for the project. The conclusion summarizes that the program checks if letters can be rearranged to form the original names using arrays and by hashing letters based on their ASCII values.
The document provides an introduction to the C programming language, covering its history, uses, basic concepts, and key functions. It discusses how C was created at Bell Labs to develop the UNIX operating system, its widespread adoption, and importance. The document outlines common C data types, control flow statements like conditionals and loops, functions and their structure, and input/output functions like printf, scanf, gets and puts. It provides examples of basic C programs and how functions, conditionals, and I/O are implemented.
This document provides an overview of the C programming language. It begins with an outline of topics covered, then defines C as a structured, high-level, machine-independent language that follows a top-down approach. The document traces the history and evolution of C from earlier languages like ALGOL and BCPL. It describes key features of C like portability, speed, and simplicity. It also explains the roles of compilers and linkers and includes flowcharts, sample programs, and discussions of variables, data types, operators, and control statements in C like if/else statements and switch cases.
C Programming Language Tutorial for beginners - JavaTpointJavaTpoint.Com
JavaTpoint share a presentation of C Programming language for beginners and professionals. now in this slideshare you will be learned basics of c programming language, what is c programming language, history of c programming, installing turbo c, features of c programming language, datatypes of c language, operaters in c, control statement of c language, c language functions, c array, pointer in c programming, and structure and union.
The Qt toolkit is a C++ GUI library developed over 6 years to be cross-platform. It began development in 1991 and was released under commercial and open source licenses in 1995. Qt uses signals and slots to connect GUI components to program logic, separating the user interface from code. It provides a full 2D graphics system and supports OpenGL for 3D graphics. Qt handles platform differences and includes classes for files, networking, and other OS functions.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
1. uXML
An Experiment in Common Representation
of Different Programming Paradigms
Kunal S. Pathak
2. Outline
History Extensibility
Objective Drawbacks
Applications Future Work
Architecture Summary
Tools Questions
Examples Thank you
3. History
Before UNCOL After UNCOL
Programming Programming
Machines languages Machines
languages
1 1
1 1
2 2 U
2 N 2
3 3 C
:
O :
: :
N
L N
M M
4. Examples of UNCOL
Sun’s Java framework
GNU Compiler Collection
Microsoft’s .NET and Phoenix
framework
5. Objective
Different from that of UNCOL
Design an XML schema (uXML) to
represent the semantics of different
programming paradigms
Test the uXML against various
programming languages
Develop tools that use uXML
7. Architecture
uXML format
C Program <uXML language="abc"
scope="static">
Interpreter Program
(XV) output
<function name="func">
P Program <returns type="void"/>
<block>
... uXML
... Schema
Valid-
</block>
J Program ation
</function>
...
...
L Program <call>
<variable name=”func” / Software
> Code Analysis Metrics
</call>
Y Program ...
</uXML>
Front end Back end
8. Architecture cont.
Compiler framework - Activation record,
Symbol table, Display, Calling sequence,
Datatypes
Back end parser - uXML visitor
Front end parsers - C, P, J, L and Y
9. Tools in uXML
Code interpreter - xv
• Visit uXML nodes and execute the
respective code
Code analysis - xv, xsl
• Count the appropriate uXML nodes
10. Why XML in uXML?
Program = Syntax tree = XML
Human understandable
Retains the semantics of the program
Many XML processing tools
- XSL, XSL-FO, XQuery, etc
Universally accepted
11. Few uXML elements
<var/>, <variable/>, <constant/>
<assign/>, <operator/>, <for-loop/>,
<iterate/>, <cast/>
<function/>, <class/>, <constructor/>,
<block/>, <call/>
‘scope’ and ‘var-declaration’ attribute of
<uXML/>
12. PL features handled by uXML
Iterations, if-else, arrays, pointers
Function definition/call, nested
procedures, functions as first-class
objects
Static vs. Dynamic Typing and Scoping
Classes, Constructors, Inheritance
13. Front end Parsers
C - Similar to Dennis Ritchie’s C
P - Similar to Niklaus Wirth’s Pascal
J - Similar to Sun Microsystem’s Java
L - Similar to John McCarthy’s Lisp
Y - Similar to Van Rossum’s Python
14. Features of C language
Imperative/Declarative language
Multi-dimensional arrays, type casting
Pointers and Function pointers (FP)
Passing/returning FP, Passing/returning
array of FP, FP within FP
15. Sample C code
1.Clike - Factorial calculation
1.uXML - uXML equivalent
2.Clike - Function pointer
16. Features of P language
Imperative/Declarative language
Features similar to those of C except
pointers
Nested procedures and procedure
parameters
Non-local variable access using static
and dynamic scoping
17. Sample P code
1.Plike - Static vs. Dynamic scoping
1.uXML - uXML equivalent
2.Plike - Procedure parameters
18. Features of J language
Object oriented language
Class and constructor definitions
Inheritance and hierarchical constructor
calls
Object instantiation prior to usage
20. Features of L language
Functional language
Functions as first-class objects
Operators are functions
defun / lambda functions
let, setq, map, reduce features
21. Sample L code
1.Llike - Reduce
1.uXML - uXML equivalent
2.Llike - Let
3.Llike - Defun
22. Features of Y language
Imperative/Dynamic language
No variable declaration required,
Dynamic typing
Multi-dimensional mix arrays
lambda function definition
map, reduce features
24. Features of Code Analysis tool
Name/count of function, variable, class,
constructor definitions
Count of function/constructor calls
Count of methods overridden
McCabe Cyclomatic complexity
Helstead Metrics, Maintainability index
25. Software Metrics
Function defined : 1
void main()
____________________________________________
function void main() {
Function calls : 1 int i = 2 * 2 + 2, j = 1;
main do {
____________________________________________ i = i - 1;
Variables defined : 2
i : int print("i=",i,(j+2));
j : int }while(i);
____________________________________________
Constants used: 8
int : 2 i = 5;
int : 2 }
int : 2
int : 1
int : 1
string : i=
int : 2
int : 5
____________________________________________
McCabe Cyclomatic Complexity : 3
____________________________________________
Classes defined : 0
____________________________________________
Functions overriden : 0
_____________________________________
Nested Block Depth : 1
26. Helstead Metrics
function void main() {
int i = 2 * 2 + 2, j = 1;
do {
i = i - 1;
print("i=",i,(j+2));
}while(i);
i = 5;
}
Helstead Metrics :
N1 = 9, n1 = 7, N2 = 16, n2 = 7
Program Length N => N1 + N2 = 25
Vocabulary Size n => n1 + n2 = 14
Program Volume V => N * log2(n) = 95.18387305144009
Difficulty Level D => (n1 / 2) * (N2 / n2) = 8.0
Program Level L => 1/D = 0.125
Effort to implement E => V*D = 761.4709844115207
Time to implement T = E/18 = 42.303943578417815
No. of bugs delivered B => E^(2/3)/3000 = 3.333333333333333E-4
27. Extensibility of uXML
uXML schema - Add new programming
language feature
Front end compilers - Write a new
language
Software Metric tool - Add new metrics
to measure the software
28. Drawbacks
uXML code has larger code size
All / Advanced features of languages not
covered
Many programming paradigms not
included in uXML schema
29. Future Work
Update uXML schema to incorporate
different paradigms
Make uXML compiler more efficient
Robust programming language
converter tool
Source code as part of comments in
equivalent uXML code
30. Misc. details of uXML
Developed in Java
Used Eclipse, JavaCC and xv tools
Source code version control
Approximately 150 test programs written
Approximately 6 months of time
31. Summary
uXML schema represents OO,
procedural and functional paradigms
Room to add more programming
paradigms
Common representation helps develop
powerful code analysis tools
All features of PL can’t be covered
32. uXML mentors
Dr. James Heliotis
• Idea of uXML
• Programming language features
Dr. Axel Schreiner
• xv tool
• XML processing tools
Name, Started in Dec 2007, Masters in CS (Languages and Tools)
I would like to tell the Applications of uXML first so that audiences understand what is the significance of uXML before understanding the core of it.
Tools - developed the tools that uses uXML.
Examples - uXML nodes,
Extensibility - how you can add new components easily and extend uXML,
Drawbacks - everything has drawbacks,
Future Work - Things that I might think of adding in uXML, Summary, Q&A
THANK YOU
1960 form intermediate between problem-oriented languages and machine language
M*N to M+N
Explain the advantage of having a UIL - compilers, machine, etc.
Why UNCOL failed? - Ambitious, no advanced compilers, not enough memory, slow machines
JVM - Bytecode is IL. Scala, JRuby, Jython, Groovy, Rhino. Small M, large N
GNU - C, C++, Java converts to GENERIC, Small M, Large N
.NET - CIL. VB, C#, F#, VC++, ASP. Large M, small N
Phoenix - Framework for building compilers, CIL -> IR, tools like memory tracing, code coverage, block counting, Large M, small N
UNCOL - Already many tools
Execution vs. Representation of semantics
To prove - develop tools
Explain these as applications of a universal intermediate language
s/w metrics tool - A common tool that does the code analysis of programs written in different paradigm
education tool - compile framework, programs can be compared by metrics
language converter - ambitious idea
program structure - Extract the structure of a program
The idea is how quickly can you develop a tool that is handy for wide range of languages
2 tools so far - Interpreter and Code Analysis
IR is validated against the uXML schema
Activation record - Enter the block, Leave the block,
Symbol table - Add/remove symbol (datatype, mutable, name)
Display - Data structure containing list of activation records to access the non-local variables
Calling Sequence - Steps to be taken while calling/returing a function. Prototype for static/dynamic access
Datatypes - Function, Int, Char, String, Overloaded function type
2 parts - Backend and Front end
Programs are syntax trees. XML is also represented as trees
Understandable - semantics are retain, no for loops in bytecode
Processing tools - Extracting the data is easy, formatting, translating, thus many end users
as oppose to MSIL or bytecode that has just 1 user and that is interpreter itself
Definition of each node
Explain &#x2018;scope&#x2019; and &#x2018;var-declaration&#x2019; attributes in brief
Scoping - Context where values and expr are associated, how local variables are bound
Static scoping - variable association at compile time
Dynamic scoping - variable association at runtime
All languages contain if-else, while, for so won&#x2019;t mention explicitly
Alike Java instantiation of object is needed before usage, else compiler throws error.
1st parameter to the function/field is an object whose member is getting accessed.
Parametric Polymorphism or Generics - Object as 1st parameter decides whose method to call
Closures
Why operators are function? Code metrics
MCC - No. of linearly independent paths in the source code, control flow graph. Give eg.
Helstead Metrics -
Maintainability index - VS 2008 uses Helstead to calculate this factor.
Operators : N1 = Total , n1 = distinct
Operands : N2 = Total , n2 = distinct
Analogy of a book -
Difficulty - increases with repetitive operands
Volume - How much information to be absorbed
Effort - efforts to write the code
Time - in secs and 18 is stroud number - humans detect 5 to 20 moments/discrete events /sec - not used much
jeh pointed out, Compare the programs with respect to difficulty, efforts, etc.
Advanced features - thread, read/write, file handling, interface, etc
Missing programming paradigm - Logical, Aspect-oriented, Process oriented, etc.
uXML compiler can be improved to make it execute faster
Comments - Part of Y language
There are lot of articles, however these points to some of the finest articles that helped me in developing the project.