The document describes various aspects of the atmosphere and tropical cyclones, including the definitions and differences between typhoons and hurricanes, their formation and origins, as well as weather forecasting and local storm phenomena. It highlights Typhoon Haiyan as a particularly devastating event in the Philippines, emphasizing its strength and impact. Additionally, it outlines the role of PAGASA in monitoring typhoon activity in the region.

1. UNDERSTANDING TYPHOON

5. Layers of the
Atmosphere
LAYERS IN THE ATMOSPHERE

6. This is the layer where
artificial satellites can orbit.
Within this layer, ultraviolet
radiation causes ionization
which manifests visually
aurora borealis (northern
lights) or aurora australis
(southern lights).

7. This layer protects the earth
from meteoric impact.
This layer of the atmosphere
contains the ozone layer.
This is the layer where all the
weather disturbances can
happen.

8. Tropical Cyclones
A tropical cyclone is
a storm system
characterized by
counterclockwise
rotating air mass
around a central part
called eye that has a
low pressure.

9. Typhoons and Hurricanes
A tropical cyclone is called a typhoon or
hurricane depending on what
specific
region this stormy system occurs.
Typhoons and Hurricanes are one and the
same phenomena although they vary in
intensity according to place of origins and
conditions.

10. Typhoons vs Hurricanes

11. Typhoons vs Hurricanes
If the tropical
cyclone occurs in
the Northwest
Pacific Ocean, on
the west of the
International
Dateline, it is called
typhoon.

12. Typhoons vs Hurricanes
If the tropical
cyclone
occurs in the
Northeast Pacific
Ocean, the North
Atlantic Ocean, and
east of the
International
Dateline
or in the South
Pacific
Ocean, east of 160
degrees latitude, it is
called a hurricane.

13. Where do Tropical Cyclones originate?
Tropical cyclones form in
the Intertropical
Convergence Zone
located around the
Equator. It is in this area
that trade winds from the
Northern and Southern
Hemispheres converge.

14. How do Typhoons form?
You need two components to
have a typhoon to
form, the ocean and the heat
of warm air. Since
heat rises, the warm air is
pushed up into the
sky
and can cause a large
swirling action which
creates a typhoon. The
moisture of the ocean
coupled with the heat of the
air can keep the
typhoon going and growing.

15. Weather Forecasting
A weather forecast is a prediction on the
general weather conditions of the atmosphere
in the next 24 hours.

16. Station Model
A station model gives
a complete
representation of the
weather condition in
any given region or
station.

17. Philippine Typhoons
In the Philippines,
typhoons are called
bagyo, a Filipino word
that arose after the
storm that occurred in
Baguio City in 1911 that
brought about 46 inches
of rainfall in the city
within a 24-hour period.

18. PAGASA
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration is a national institution tasked by the government to
monitor and provide typhoon warnings, public weather forecasts and
advisories, meteorological, astronomical, climatological and other
specialized information and services primarily for the protection of life and
property and in support of economic productivity and sustainable
development.

19. Philippine Area of Responsibility
The Philippine Area of
Responsibility or PAR
refers to a designated
area in the
northwestern Pacific
where PAGASA is
tasked to monitor and
issue warnings
pertaining to tropical
cyclone occurrences
and activities.

20. Other Local Storms that Affect the
Philippines
Thunderstorms
Thunderstorms are local
storms associated with
thunder and lightning.
They are common in the
Tropics.
Tornadoes
Tornadoes are brief, but extremely
violent whirling storms that can
occur in any part of the world. A
tornado is likely to occur during
hot, humid days when
cumulonimbus clouds cover the
entire sky.

21. Storm Surge
Typhoons can cause the rising
of the sea level. This happens
because forces from the center
of the typhoon can cause the
lifting of the sea level. As the
strong winds blow from
offshore to the coast, seawater
is blown towards the coast, a
phenomenon called storm
surge.

22. TYPHOON HAIYAN: World’s biggest
typhoon

23. Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Typhoon Haiyan was an exceptionally
powerful tropical cyclone that
devastated portions of Southeast Asia,
particularly the Philippines , in early
November 2013. It is the
deadliest Philippine Typhoon on
record, killing at least 6,155 people in
that country alone. Haiyan is also the
strongest storm recorded at landfall,
and unofficially the strongest typhoon
ever recorded in terms of wind speed.

24. The End!