The document discusses various methods used by enslaved people to resist slavery in the Caribbean. It describes both non-violent/non-insurrectionary forms of resistance like malingering (working slowly), feigning illness, and escaping (maroonage); as well as more violent insurrectionary forms like poisoning owners, destroying property, and organized rebellions. It also notes that while women were often stereotyped as more accommodating to slavery, they actively resisted through means like labor withdrawal, sabotage, abortion, and running away with money. Overall, the document outlines the many creative ways enslaved people fought back against the oppressive system of slavery.
The document discusses various forms of control used on plantations to control enslaved populations, including psychological, economic, social, ideological, physical, and cultural controls. It provides examples of each type of control, such as convincing slaves of their inferiority, limiting economic opportunities, enforcing social hierarchies, using punishment, and banning cultural practices. The controls were established through slave codes and legislation that differed between colonies but generally aimed to regulate treatment and prevent uprisings through fear and division of the enslaved.
This document provides an outline for a research project on slavery in America. It begins with an introduction that establishes the aims of examining how slavery affected US history and hypotheses about its impact. Chapter 1 discusses the origins and foundations of slavery in America, including how it began in the US, the triangular slave trade, and the horrific conditions slaves faced. It also covers slave codes, resistance methods like revolts and the Underground Railroad. Chapter 2 will examine the Civil War and emancipation, while Chapter 3 focuses on the Civil Rights movement. The conclusion will synthesize the information presented.
Slavery emerged in the American colonies in the early 1500s as European powers shipped over 11 million slaves from Africa. Three systems of slavery developed - in the South where slaves worked large tobacco and rice plantations under brutal conditions, in the North where slaves worked smaller farms and homes, and the Gullah people maintained African traditions in the Carolinas. The American Revolution both freed some slaves who ran away but also entrenched slavery in the South, where the institution grew stronger. Life for slaves was difficult, with inadequate food, clothing and housing, harsh punishments, and poor health due to disease. Over time slavery was abolished after independence and the establishment of human rights.
This document summarizes life for African Americans in the antebellum South. It describes the plantation system and the social codes that governed southern gentlemen and ladies. It then discusses the harsh conditions slaves faced, including living arrangements, treatment by overseers, slave codes, and the separation of families. The document also covers aspects of slave culture such as churches, leisure activities, and rebellions against the institution of slavery. Key resistance efforts mentioned include the Stono Rebellion, Gabriel's Rebellion, and abolitionist writings that spoke out against the injustice of slavery.
1. Native Americans face difficulties in treatment due to historical traumas from European contact that continue to impact them in modern society. These include population losses from disease, violence, and forced relocation from their lands.
2. Stereotypes of Native Americans as either lazy or mystical contribute to a lack of personal identity. Substance abuse issues stemming from the introduction of alcohol by Europeans also persist as a challenge.
3. Cultural practices were forcibly suppressed through boarding schools that sought to "civilize" Native youth, destroying families and culture. Abuse was common in these schools.
8 Living and Dying in Bondage THE SLAVE CONSPIRACY OF 1822HISTO.docxalinainglis
8 Living and Dying in Bondage: THE SLAVE CONSPIRACY OF 1822
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Around the beginning of the nineteenth century, the English textile industry grew at an incredible pace. Work was reorganized so that a relatively small number of individuals controlled the buying of cotton and its spinning, weaving, and sale as cloth. Some of the new technologies were simple, others, complex, involving large factories. But the new industry was characterized by a heightened specialization of labor, the ability of some men to purchase the time of others as cheaply as possible, and the need of masses of people to sell their labor in order to make a living. The growth of the textile industry signaled the beginnings of a general reorganization of production under capitalism.
The freedom of individuals to buy and sell labor—of owners to hire and fire whomever they pleased and of workers to work for whomever they chose—was central to the system. But most of the individuals who produced the raw cotton that eventually became cloth were slaves, people without such freedom. First, long-staple cotton, which grew only in the coastal areas of the Carolinas and Georgia, fed the textile business. Short-staple cotton was hardy and could grow in varied climates, but the seeds stuck in the cotton bolls, making it unfit for spinning. Then, in 1793, an American inventor, Eli Whitney, developed his famous cotton gin, which easily separated fiber from seed. Now cloth could be produced from any kind of cotton.
Soon the cotton culture spread inland from the southern coast, overrunning Alabama and Mississippi by the 1830s, Texas and Louisiana slightly later. Textile mills opened in America and England, and despite ups and downs, the overall demand for cotton products in world markets seemed unlimited. The new industry spurred the expansion of other businesses, including banking, shipping, and insurance, as well as retailing, importing, and exporting. Thus, cotton was one of the most important ingredients in the development of modern capitalism, and where cotton spread, so did slavery. Here was an irony: The same product that had nurtured a free-labor capitalistic economy also was essential to the growth and extension of slavery, an ancient system antithetical to the free-labor marketplace. If cotton cloth production was the great engine of modern capitalism, enslaved men and women drove that engine. Freedom for some, then, depended on the bondage of others.
Before the great boom in cotton demand, the institution of slavery had been on the defensive. Especially in England, evangelical Christians, reformers, and advocates of free labor were beginning to push for outlawing the slave trade with Africa and, in some extreme cases, for the manumission of slaves in the Americas. The new American Constitution allowed Congress to prohibit the slave trade after 1808, and by 1820, the northern states had either outlawed servitude or were in the process of doing so. In the South, howev.
This document provides an overview of early Native American history before and after European contact. It discusses that Native Americans arrived in North America between 12,000-40,000 years ago via land bridges or boats. It notes that pre-contact Native American populations were much larger than previously believed, with some regions like Central America having over 25 million people. It describes the advanced cultures and large cities of Native Americans, including the Mississippian city of Cahokia near St. Louis which was larger than Egyptian pyramids. The document then outlines the devastating impacts of European exploration and disease, as well as broken treaties, wars and violence that decimated Native American populations after 1492.
Evolution in a social and cultural context refers to how evolution theory was applied to sociology and politics through social Darwinism. Social Darwinism argued that in societies, the strongest should prevail through competition as in nature, promoting ideas like "survival of the fittest." These ideas were used to justify harmful policies, most infamously by the Nazi regime in Germany. Social Darwinism also related to the emergence of racism and ethnocentrism in some western cultures in the late 19th century.
The document discusses various forms of control used on plantations to control enslaved populations, including psychological, economic, social, ideological, physical, and cultural controls. It provides examples of each type of control, such as convincing slaves of their inferiority, limiting economic opportunities, enforcing social hierarchies, using punishment, and banning cultural practices. The controls were established through slave codes and legislation that differed between colonies but generally aimed to regulate treatment and prevent uprisings through fear and division of the enslaved.
This document provides an outline for a research project on slavery in America. It begins with an introduction that establishes the aims of examining how slavery affected US history and hypotheses about its impact. Chapter 1 discusses the origins and foundations of slavery in America, including how it began in the US, the triangular slave trade, and the horrific conditions slaves faced. It also covers slave codes, resistance methods like revolts and the Underground Railroad. Chapter 2 will examine the Civil War and emancipation, while Chapter 3 focuses on the Civil Rights movement. The conclusion will synthesize the information presented.
Slavery emerged in the American colonies in the early 1500s as European powers shipped over 11 million slaves from Africa. Three systems of slavery developed - in the South where slaves worked large tobacco and rice plantations under brutal conditions, in the North where slaves worked smaller farms and homes, and the Gullah people maintained African traditions in the Carolinas. The American Revolution both freed some slaves who ran away but also entrenched slavery in the South, where the institution grew stronger. Life for slaves was difficult, with inadequate food, clothing and housing, harsh punishments, and poor health due to disease. Over time slavery was abolished after independence and the establishment of human rights.
This document summarizes life for African Americans in the antebellum South. It describes the plantation system and the social codes that governed southern gentlemen and ladies. It then discusses the harsh conditions slaves faced, including living arrangements, treatment by overseers, slave codes, and the separation of families. The document also covers aspects of slave culture such as churches, leisure activities, and rebellions against the institution of slavery. Key resistance efforts mentioned include the Stono Rebellion, Gabriel's Rebellion, and abolitionist writings that spoke out against the injustice of slavery.
1. Native Americans face difficulties in treatment due to historical traumas from European contact that continue to impact them in modern society. These include population losses from disease, violence, and forced relocation from their lands.
2. Stereotypes of Native Americans as either lazy or mystical contribute to a lack of personal identity. Substance abuse issues stemming from the introduction of alcohol by Europeans also persist as a challenge.
3. Cultural practices were forcibly suppressed through boarding schools that sought to "civilize" Native youth, destroying families and culture. Abuse was common in these schools.
8 Living and Dying in Bondage THE SLAVE CONSPIRACY OF 1822HISTO.docxalinainglis
8 Living and Dying in Bondage: THE SLAVE CONSPIRACY OF 1822
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Around the beginning of the nineteenth century, the English textile industry grew at an incredible pace. Work was reorganized so that a relatively small number of individuals controlled the buying of cotton and its spinning, weaving, and sale as cloth. Some of the new technologies were simple, others, complex, involving large factories. But the new industry was characterized by a heightened specialization of labor, the ability of some men to purchase the time of others as cheaply as possible, and the need of masses of people to sell their labor in order to make a living. The growth of the textile industry signaled the beginnings of a general reorganization of production under capitalism.
The freedom of individuals to buy and sell labor—of owners to hire and fire whomever they pleased and of workers to work for whomever they chose—was central to the system. But most of the individuals who produced the raw cotton that eventually became cloth were slaves, people without such freedom. First, long-staple cotton, which grew only in the coastal areas of the Carolinas and Georgia, fed the textile business. Short-staple cotton was hardy and could grow in varied climates, but the seeds stuck in the cotton bolls, making it unfit for spinning. Then, in 1793, an American inventor, Eli Whitney, developed his famous cotton gin, which easily separated fiber from seed. Now cloth could be produced from any kind of cotton.
Soon the cotton culture spread inland from the southern coast, overrunning Alabama and Mississippi by the 1830s, Texas and Louisiana slightly later. Textile mills opened in America and England, and despite ups and downs, the overall demand for cotton products in world markets seemed unlimited. The new industry spurred the expansion of other businesses, including banking, shipping, and insurance, as well as retailing, importing, and exporting. Thus, cotton was one of the most important ingredients in the development of modern capitalism, and where cotton spread, so did slavery. Here was an irony: The same product that had nurtured a free-labor capitalistic economy also was essential to the growth and extension of slavery, an ancient system antithetical to the free-labor marketplace. If cotton cloth production was the great engine of modern capitalism, enslaved men and women drove that engine. Freedom for some, then, depended on the bondage of others.
Before the great boom in cotton demand, the institution of slavery had been on the defensive. Especially in England, evangelical Christians, reformers, and advocates of free labor were beginning to push for outlawing the slave trade with Africa and, in some extreme cases, for the manumission of slaves in the Americas. The new American Constitution allowed Congress to prohibit the slave trade after 1808, and by 1820, the northern states had either outlawed servitude or were in the process of doing so. In the South, howev.
This document provides an overview of early Native American history before and after European contact. It discusses that Native Americans arrived in North America between 12,000-40,000 years ago via land bridges or boats. It notes that pre-contact Native American populations were much larger than previously believed, with some regions like Central America having over 25 million people. It describes the advanced cultures and large cities of Native Americans, including the Mississippian city of Cahokia near St. Louis which was larger than Egyptian pyramids. The document then outlines the devastating impacts of European exploration and disease, as well as broken treaties, wars and violence that decimated Native American populations after 1492.
Evolution in a social and cultural context refers to how evolution theory was applied to sociology and politics through social Darwinism. Social Darwinism argued that in societies, the strongest should prevail through competition as in nature, promoting ideas like "survival of the fittest." These ideas were used to justify harmful policies, most infamously by the Nazi regime in Germany. Social Darwinism also related to the emergence of racism and ethnocentrism in some western cultures in the late 19th century.
Native Americans were the original inhabitants of North America with over 500 federally recognized tribes today, each with their own distinct cultures, languages, and traditions. Native Americans built complex societies with diverse practices including constructing totem poles and using porcupine quills for artwork. Their languages, customs, and connection to the land were largely erased due to colonization and government policies that removed Native Americans from their homelands and confined them to reservations with high poverty rates. Native American influence still remains in place names, foods, and other cultural aspects integrated into American society today.
This document is a research paper on slavery in America produced by students in Algeria. It outlines the origins and development of slavery in America, including its beginnings in the 1600s, the triangular trade system, life as a slave, forms of resistance by slaves, the Civil War and emancipation in 1863. The conclusion is that slavery was a major part of American history and Africans were not invited to the new continent as workers but were captured and tortured to build the country's economy through their forced labor without rights or mercy.
Presented for Peer Council 2018 by Kalani Adolpho, Diversity Resident Librarian, UW-Madison College Library
Libraries and archives are colonial impositions in many parts of the world, including lands that are now part of the United States Empire. As colonial impositions, libraries are complicit in the perpetuation of colonialism and Western hegemony through classification systems and controlled vocabularies. Through Library of Congress Subject Headings, Indigenous, queer, and gender non-conforming people are historicized, homogenized, and misnamed, and violence perpetuated against us is erased and/or referenced euphemistically.
This session will define, name impact, and provide examples of colonialism in cataloguing and classification, as well as share information on alternative headings and organization systems developed by Indigenous peoples and nations. Additionally, there will be ample time for questions and discussion after the presentation.
Slavery originated in many ancient cultures and involved enslaving people through conquest, debt, or heredity. Between the 1600s-1800s, approximately 18 million Africans were captured and transported via the brutal Middle Passage to the Americas to be sold into slavery, with 3 million dying along the journey. The first African slaves arrived in Jamestown, VA in 1609. Slaves faced cruel treatment and were controlled through oppressive slave codes. They resisted through escape, rebellion, and cultural preservation. The Underground Railroad helped around 100,000 slaves reach freedom in the North and Canada. The Civil War and Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 led to the abolition of slavery across the United States through the 13
Power point about Slavery In America 1609-186lyricsalid21
Slavery originated in many ancient cultures and involved enslaving people through conquest, debt, or heredity. Between the 1600s-1800s, approximately 18 million Africans were captured and transported via the brutal Middle Passage to the Americas to be sold as slaves. The first African slaves arrived in Jamestown, Virginia in 1609. Slaves faced cruel treatment and were controlled through oppressive slave codes. They resisted through escape, rebellion, and cultural preservation. The Underground Railroad helped fugitive slaves reach freedom. The Civil War and Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 led to the abolition of slavery across the United States through the 13th amendment.
The growing cotton industry and institution of slavery in the antebellum South contributed to the development of a rigid social hierarchy. Wealthy plantation owners comprised the aristocracy, while poor whites and slaves occupied the lowest rungs. Slaves endured brutal conditions, being seen as property and forced to pick cotton from dawn to dusk with little food or shelter. This strengthened the social status of white southerners and widened the gap between rich and poor, shaping society in ways that still influence America today.
This document discusses immigration and reform movements in the United States between 1820-1850. It saw a large influx of immigrants from Ireland, Germany, and other parts of Europe. The Irish made up the largest group and faced difficult conditions during travel and upon arrival. They established tight-knit communities but faced anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant sentiment. Meanwhile, reform movements grew including transcendentalism, temperance, education, women's rights, and abolitionism, reflecting social changes in this period.
Slavery began in the American colonies in the early 1500s as the Portuguese began exploring Africa and trading slaves. By the 1700s, the growth of industries like rice, tobacco and cotton created a large demand for slave labor in the Southern colonies. To maintain control over the growing slave population, colonies implemented strict slave codes that severely limited the rights of slaves. Throughout this period, slaves resisted their condition through acts like slow work, escape and occasional rebellions, the largest being the Stono Rebellion in 1739. Slavery would not be abolished in the United States until 1865 with the end of the Civil War.
The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 made short-staple cotton profitable and led to the expansion of cotton production and slavery across the American South. As cotton exports boomed, slavery became entrenched as a national institution upheld by the political power of southern slaveholders. Abolitionists like Frederick Douglass, David Walker, and William Lloyd Garrison spoke out against slavery, but it continued to spread westward and strengthen amid debates over states' rights.
Though politicians and members of their constituencies argue immigration policy from seemingly infinite perspectives and sides, one point stands clear and definite: decisions as to who can enter the United States and who can eventually gain citizenship status generally depends of issues of “race,” for U.S. immigration systems reflect and serve as the country’s official “racial” policies.
Chapter Six Understanding theNative American Experience.docxchristinemaritza
Chapter Six: Understanding the
Native American Experience
m
A lie wouldhave no sense unless the truth
were felt as dangerous.
AlfredAdler
Managing Workplace Diversity,l Chapter Six: Understanding the Native American
Experience
[ Chapter Six
UNDERSTANDING THE NATIVE AMERICAN
EXPERIENCE
Chapter Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to'
• understand aspects of the Native American culture.
explain how Native American women were equal and in some
cases more powerful than men.
learn the contributions of Native Americans to U.S. society.
state the exploitation of Native American values used to gain
land by European settlers.
describe the genocide of Native Americans by the pilgrims.
• identify specific treatment of Native Americans in the U.S. today.
describe why mascots that stereotypically depict Native
American culture is culturally insensitive.
Managing Workplace Diversity I Chapter Six: Understanding the Native American
Experience
f
What is your view of Indians/Native Americans?
, Do you think of savages running around half naked?
° Do you think of a people incapable of maintaining their land which is why
they no longer have it?
° Is it of a defeated peopleÿ
° Groups who live on reservations in tepees because they know of no other
way to live or survive the land7
• A stubborn people who disrespectAmerlca7
If any of these are your views of Indians/Native Americans then you have a
viewpoint full of untruths. None of the above depicts Native Americans, their
history or their story. To know the truth about Native Americans is to understand
the indigenous people of this land known as America and how far removed America
is from this great people's values.
Native Americans are the indigenous people of this country. According to
researchers, the indigenous people of "America" have been here for at least
12,000 years where some even believe that these people first started living here
much earlier than that.
It is estimated, based on archaeological data and written records from
European settlers, that up to a possible 30 to 100 mllhon indigenous people lived In
the Americas when the 1492 voyage of Christopher Columbus began a hfstorical
period of large-scale European interaction with the Americas.1
Managing Workplace Diversity' I Chapter Six: Understanding the Native American
Experience
Native AmericanLiving
Before the Europeans came, there were no people here that called themselves
"Indians." Instead, there were and still are Navajo or Menommee or Hopl, or
Dakota, or Nisqually, or Tlingit, or Apache, etc. They referred to themselves by
their specific nation. They received the name "Indian" from Christopher Columbus
because he thought he landed in India. That is why we preferably use the nation
name or the term Native American to refer to the original inhabitants of America.
The natural environment of the Great West provided life to Native
Americans. It also took life. People learned that wor ...
This document discusses the evolution of Philippine society and culture from pre-colonial times through the Spanish and American colonial periods. It describes the origins and migrations of the earliest peoples in the Philippines, including Negritos, Indonesians, and Malays in three waves. Pre-Spanish society was organized into barangays and had social classes of nobles, freemen, and dependents. Spanish rule established an encomienda system and created social rankings. American rule introduced public education, scholarships, and democratic policies but also economic dependence. Literature during this period reflected colonial vs. anti-colonial views.
The geographic diversity of colonial North America influenced its economic, social, and political development in several ways:
- The New England colonies had poor rocky soil but abundant forests, leading to economies focused on lumber, fishing, shipbuilding, and trade. Town meetings encouraged direct democracy. Religion, particularly Puritanism, was highly influential in social and educational structures.
- The Middle colonies occupied a region with long growing seasons and fertile soil, allowing cash crops like grains and the rise of large cities. Wealthy landowners had significant political and economic power.
- Plantation agriculture flourished in the Southern colonies, made possible through the use of slave labor to produce lucrative crops like tobacco and rice. The hot climate
This document discusses various forms of resistance by slaves, ranging from passive to active resistance. Passive resistance included slow working, pretending illness, and telling lies. More extreme forms of passive resistance included refusing to work, running away, and suicide. Active resistance such as sabotage, damaging property, and murdering whites on the plantation were rare due to severe punishments but did sometimes occur. Resistance was shaped by both the African cultural influences retained by slaves and the example of Native American resistance to Spanish enslavement. Overall, prolonged slave resistance made slavery an inefficient system and contributed to its eventual end.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Native Americans were the original inhabitants of North America with over 500 federally recognized tribes today, each with their own distinct cultures, languages, and traditions. Native Americans built complex societies with diverse practices including constructing totem poles and using porcupine quills for artwork. Their languages, customs, and connection to the land were largely erased due to colonization and government policies that removed Native Americans from their homelands and confined them to reservations with high poverty rates. Native American influence still remains in place names, foods, and other cultural aspects integrated into American society today.
This document is a research paper on slavery in America produced by students in Algeria. It outlines the origins and development of slavery in America, including its beginnings in the 1600s, the triangular trade system, life as a slave, forms of resistance by slaves, the Civil War and emancipation in 1863. The conclusion is that slavery was a major part of American history and Africans were not invited to the new continent as workers but were captured and tortured to build the country's economy through their forced labor without rights or mercy.
Presented for Peer Council 2018 by Kalani Adolpho, Diversity Resident Librarian, UW-Madison College Library
Libraries and archives are colonial impositions in many parts of the world, including lands that are now part of the United States Empire. As colonial impositions, libraries are complicit in the perpetuation of colonialism and Western hegemony through classification systems and controlled vocabularies. Through Library of Congress Subject Headings, Indigenous, queer, and gender non-conforming people are historicized, homogenized, and misnamed, and violence perpetuated against us is erased and/or referenced euphemistically.
This session will define, name impact, and provide examples of colonialism in cataloguing and classification, as well as share information on alternative headings and organization systems developed by Indigenous peoples and nations. Additionally, there will be ample time for questions and discussion after the presentation.
Slavery originated in many ancient cultures and involved enslaving people through conquest, debt, or heredity. Between the 1600s-1800s, approximately 18 million Africans were captured and transported via the brutal Middle Passage to the Americas to be sold into slavery, with 3 million dying along the journey. The first African slaves arrived in Jamestown, VA in 1609. Slaves faced cruel treatment and were controlled through oppressive slave codes. They resisted through escape, rebellion, and cultural preservation. The Underground Railroad helped around 100,000 slaves reach freedom in the North and Canada. The Civil War and Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 led to the abolition of slavery across the United States through the 13
Power point about Slavery In America 1609-186lyricsalid21
Slavery originated in many ancient cultures and involved enslaving people through conquest, debt, or heredity. Between the 1600s-1800s, approximately 18 million Africans were captured and transported via the brutal Middle Passage to the Americas to be sold as slaves. The first African slaves arrived in Jamestown, Virginia in 1609. Slaves faced cruel treatment and were controlled through oppressive slave codes. They resisted through escape, rebellion, and cultural preservation. The Underground Railroad helped fugitive slaves reach freedom. The Civil War and Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 led to the abolition of slavery across the United States through the 13th amendment.
The growing cotton industry and institution of slavery in the antebellum South contributed to the development of a rigid social hierarchy. Wealthy plantation owners comprised the aristocracy, while poor whites and slaves occupied the lowest rungs. Slaves endured brutal conditions, being seen as property and forced to pick cotton from dawn to dusk with little food or shelter. This strengthened the social status of white southerners and widened the gap between rich and poor, shaping society in ways that still influence America today.
This document discusses immigration and reform movements in the United States between 1820-1850. It saw a large influx of immigrants from Ireland, Germany, and other parts of Europe. The Irish made up the largest group and faced difficult conditions during travel and upon arrival. They established tight-knit communities but faced anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant sentiment. Meanwhile, reform movements grew including transcendentalism, temperance, education, women's rights, and abolitionism, reflecting social changes in this period.
Slavery began in the American colonies in the early 1500s as the Portuguese began exploring Africa and trading slaves. By the 1700s, the growth of industries like rice, tobacco and cotton created a large demand for slave labor in the Southern colonies. To maintain control over the growing slave population, colonies implemented strict slave codes that severely limited the rights of slaves. Throughout this period, slaves resisted their condition through acts like slow work, escape and occasional rebellions, the largest being the Stono Rebellion in 1739. Slavery would not be abolished in the United States until 1865 with the end of the Civil War.
The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 made short-staple cotton profitable and led to the expansion of cotton production and slavery across the American South. As cotton exports boomed, slavery became entrenched as a national institution upheld by the political power of southern slaveholders. Abolitionists like Frederick Douglass, David Walker, and William Lloyd Garrison spoke out against slavery, but it continued to spread westward and strengthen amid debates over states' rights.
Though politicians and members of their constituencies argue immigration policy from seemingly infinite perspectives and sides, one point stands clear and definite: decisions as to who can enter the United States and who can eventually gain citizenship status generally depends of issues of “race,” for U.S. immigration systems reflect and serve as the country’s official “racial” policies.
Chapter Six Understanding theNative American Experience.docxchristinemaritza
Chapter Six: Understanding the
Native American Experience
m
A lie wouldhave no sense unless the truth
were felt as dangerous.
AlfredAdler
Managing Workplace Diversity,l Chapter Six: Understanding the Native American
Experience
[ Chapter Six
UNDERSTANDING THE NATIVE AMERICAN
EXPERIENCE
Chapter Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to'
• understand aspects of the Native American culture.
explain how Native American women were equal and in some
cases more powerful than men.
learn the contributions of Native Americans to U.S. society.
state the exploitation of Native American values used to gain
land by European settlers.
describe the genocide of Native Americans by the pilgrims.
• identify specific treatment of Native Americans in the U.S. today.
describe why mascots that stereotypically depict Native
American culture is culturally insensitive.
Managing Workplace Diversity I Chapter Six: Understanding the Native American
Experience
f
What is your view of Indians/Native Americans?
, Do you think of savages running around half naked?
° Do you think of a people incapable of maintaining their land which is why
they no longer have it?
° Is it of a defeated peopleÿ
° Groups who live on reservations in tepees because they know of no other
way to live or survive the land7
• A stubborn people who disrespectAmerlca7
If any of these are your views of Indians/Native Americans then you have a
viewpoint full of untruths. None of the above depicts Native Americans, their
history or their story. To know the truth about Native Americans is to understand
the indigenous people of this land known as America and how far removed America
is from this great people's values.
Native Americans are the indigenous people of this country. According to
researchers, the indigenous people of "America" have been here for at least
12,000 years where some even believe that these people first started living here
much earlier than that.
It is estimated, based on archaeological data and written records from
European settlers, that up to a possible 30 to 100 mllhon indigenous people lived In
the Americas when the 1492 voyage of Christopher Columbus began a hfstorical
period of large-scale European interaction with the Americas.1
Managing Workplace Diversity' I Chapter Six: Understanding the Native American
Experience
Native AmericanLiving
Before the Europeans came, there were no people here that called themselves
"Indians." Instead, there were and still are Navajo or Menommee or Hopl, or
Dakota, or Nisqually, or Tlingit, or Apache, etc. They referred to themselves by
their specific nation. They received the name "Indian" from Christopher Columbus
because he thought he landed in India. That is why we preferably use the nation
name or the term Native American to refer to the original inhabitants of America.
The natural environment of the Great West provided life to Native
Americans. It also took life. People learned that wor ...
This document discusses the evolution of Philippine society and culture from pre-colonial times through the Spanish and American colonial periods. It describes the origins and migrations of the earliest peoples in the Philippines, including Negritos, Indonesians, and Malays in three waves. Pre-Spanish society was organized into barangays and had social classes of nobles, freemen, and dependents. Spanish rule established an encomienda system and created social rankings. American rule introduced public education, scholarships, and democratic policies but also economic dependence. Literature during this period reflected colonial vs. anti-colonial views.
The geographic diversity of colonial North America influenced its economic, social, and political development in several ways:
- The New England colonies had poor rocky soil but abundant forests, leading to economies focused on lumber, fishing, shipbuilding, and trade. Town meetings encouraged direct democracy. Religion, particularly Puritanism, was highly influential in social and educational structures.
- The Middle colonies occupied a region with long growing seasons and fertile soil, allowing cash crops like grains and the rise of large cities. Wealthy landowners had significant political and economic power.
- Plantation agriculture flourished in the Southern colonies, made possible through the use of slave labor to produce lucrative crops like tobacco and rice. The hot climate
This document discusses various forms of resistance by slaves, ranging from passive to active resistance. Passive resistance included slow working, pretending illness, and telling lies. More extreme forms of passive resistance included refusing to work, running away, and suicide. Active resistance such as sabotage, damaging property, and murdering whites on the plantation were rare due to severe punishments but did sometimes occur. Resistance was shaped by both the African cultural influences retained by slaves and the example of Native American resistance to Spanish enslavement. Overall, prolonged slave resistance made slavery an inefficient system and contributed to its eventual end.
Similar to Types of slavesresistance revised.pptx (14)
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
4. Review
Although they assumed that the Africans,
who arrived in the Caribbean, were
resigned to their status as slaves, there
was always the continued threat of mass
rebellion. Many planters were accustomed
to the fear of a rebellion on the colony.
As a result they created varied methods
of maintaining control over a population of
slaves that out-numbered them 100:2
5. English Laws: Denial of Civil Rights (right
to family, leisure, legal representation,
religious instruction, or identity).
Cultural control: Symbols removed: Things
that could allow the slave to create
national identity were denied.
Dehumanization: Referring to Africans as
animals, sub humans and non-entities.
Religious suppression or the use of
Christianity to convince Africans that God
ordained their present situation.
Divide and rule: Blacks vs. Colored slaves,
House slave vs. Field slave, Free Colored
vs. Black slaves.
M
E
T
H
O
D
S
O
F
C
O
N
T
R
O
L
6. Systems of Slave Control in the
BWI
• Physical
• Sexual
• Social
• Psychological
• Economic
• Legal
7. Examples Control Mechanism
• 1756 Thomas Thistlewood in Jamaica in
his diaries logged in that he loved to
control the slaves by physically and
sexually abusing them.
• In 1842 on the 5th of February Pierre
DeSalles in Martinique took half day on
Saturday to have his way with the
slaves.
8. On many levels the idea of the power of the
Plantocracy (THE WHITE AND SOMETIMES
FREE COLOURED PLANTER CLASS) and the
social finality of slavery, as well as the position of
the African was reinforced.
9. PHYSICAL
• Estates as self- contained living communities: Slaves
were usually barred from leaving the estates for ANY reason.
Estates contained pastures for animals, woodlands, provision
grounds, work fields, living quarters and cane fields.
Plantations were usually 250 hectares on average. The
factories to process the sugar cane into molasses was usually
on the plantation too.
• Great House: Large houses that denoted wealth and control.
Usually located on a small hill away from the slave quarters
but within see distance. The Great House was built as a
symbol of the master’s control over the slave, but had a
practical purpose of protection against possible slave
rebellions.
• Running of the plantations: 16½-hour working days, with
set times for breaks and work. The actual process of planting
and harvesting the cane was monotonous and labour
intensive.
10. PHYSICAL
• The slaves' every movement was watched by
the owners. The overseers, drivers and
watchmen had a vital role to play in this form
of control.
• Punishment was the biggest form of control.
The whip was a stimulus to labour and a
constant form of punishment.
• For fear of the hundreds of lashes the slaves
‘kept in line' and did basically as they were
told. The slaves could not move off the estate
without a pass. They worked for fourteen
hours a day under strict and constant
supervision.
31. SOCIAL
Regardless of position, the white population was
usually considered an exclusive unit which was
at the top of the social hierarchy. All positions
of power were given to whites, even if they
were not involved in the running of the estates.
Government officials, attorneys, doctors, as
well as judges were white.
On the plantations, absentee planters gave
overseers, book keepers, and white mechanics
and craftsmen rights over blacks.
Even white bondservants were given freedoms
that black slaves did not enjoy.
32. SOCIAL
How did the planters control the slaves in the
areas of food, clothing, housing and dress?
They dictated what they should eat and when they
should eat.
Although they built their own huts, they were directed
to build one room, one window, one door, and huts with
dirt floor- signifying and emphasizing their inferiority.
Slaves were not allowed to be educated. Ignorance was
a powerful means of control.
Their dress was inferior, of poor quality, lacking in style
and of course inadequate. It is said that children went
naked until about age six.
The adults were given two suits of clothing per year.
The domestic slaves were often given hand-me-down
41. LEGAL
Because most colonies in the British Caribbean had a
black to white population ratio of 200:1, laws had to
not only protect white life and property but to also
reinforce the stigma of being the enslaved people.
Each colony was allowed to create their own laws.
• Deficiency Acts: planters need to hire one white
servant to 10 black slaves in their possession.
• Police Laws (British): Rules that restricted slaves’
movement, ability to take care of themselves, right
to vote, make money, marry and maintain families,
inherit property and defend themselves. Also
stipulated what punishments could be given to
slaves and for how long.
42. • Even FREE COLOURED (free blacks and people
of mixed heritage) were not excluded from this
control.
• By law, free coloureds were prevented from
attaining wealth at the level of whites by such
means as property ownership. They also had to
carry with them a proof of freedom. If not
found with it, they ran the risk of being
enslaved again. Most islands forbade them
from owning plantations and some laws kept
coloured from taking up skills such as carpentry
and masonry or working in positions such as
book-keepers and overseers.
43. Psychological/Ideological
Control
• The whites argued that the Africans were
barbaric and uncivilized heathens. They were
doing them a favour by exposing them to
European civilization and Christianity. Most of
the psychological control surrounded the
slaves' race and colour which was seen as
inferior to the whites. The planters tried to
crush the slaves' spirit, but this was not
always easy. The Ashanti and Mandingo slaves,
for example, were known to be fierce and
resistant
44. Psychological/Ideological
Control
• They were stripped of their identity,
especially the African born slaves who were
forced to take the name given to them by
their owner. They were stripped of their
dignity- made to feel less than a human. Men
were not allowed to have any ego. When
placed in leadership positions it was of such
that the slaves that they were in charge of
hated them and saw them as traitors, for
example: Slave Drivers.
45. Cultural Control
• The slaves were not allowed to practice
their own religion. Instead, they were
forced to acknowledge their owner's
religion. They were only allowed to sit at
the back of the Anglican/Catholic
Churches. Certain aspects of their
culture such as their music and dance
were seen as vulgar, lewd and uncivilized
behaviour.
46. Cultural Control
• The planters openly scoffed at them. Other
aspects such as drumming were banned on
penalty of severe punishment, even death.
The planters in colonies with Maroons
settlements in particular would have either
known or heard of the effectiveness of the
abeng and drums as instruments of
communication in a revolt. Despite all of these
various methods of control, the slaves
resisted the system of slavery. The period of
slavery in the Indies is punctuated with acts
of resistance as well as bloody violent revolts.
47. A challenge!
Name the EMOJI
Each of these nine things stands for one
method that enslaved people used to
resist and fight against the system that
made them slaves.
How many do you think you can figure
out in 1 minute!
51. Escape
: Costs
owner
Poison their
owner: Costs
owner health
or life!
Working
really
slow:
Less
work, less
profit
Breaking
tools:
Wastes
time, costs
owner
Learning
to read
and write:
Knowledge
is power!
Pretending
not to
understand:
Wastes time,
costs owner
Faking
illness:
Wastes
time,
costs
owner
Stealing
stuff:
Costs
owner
Keeping
traditions:
Ensures
group
identity
52.
53. Diamond 9
It’s time to set
a shining
example! Your
task is to create
a human diamond
nine.
1
4 5 6
9
2 3
8
7
54. Diamond 9
1) Rank these 9 means
of resistance in order
of HOW EFFECTIVE
they are.
2) Then you must
organise your group
into a diamond shape
like this. The person
with the most effective
way is at the top then
work your way down to
the least effective at
the bottom!
Can you do it?
1
4 5 6
9
2 3
8
7
55. Diamond 9
Now rank these 9
means of resistance
in order of HOW
BRAVE slaves would
have to be to do it.
1
4 5 6
9
2 3
8
7
56. Diamond 9
And finally, rank
these means of
resistance in order
of HOW
DAMAGING they
were to the wealth
of the plantation
owners.
1
4 5 6
9
2 3
8
7
58. Non – violent or Non-
Insurrectionary Resistance Defined
• Non- Insurrectionary may be defined as
the subtle methods used by the slaves
to express their rejection of slavery.
• It is not easily detected.
• Usually by the time the authorities
realise what is happening the procedure
is in its final stage.
59. Non- Insurrectionary
Resistance con’t
• Majority of the enslaved people used
non violent methods to resist the
oppressive planters.
• Non-insurrectionary methods were a
prolonged non-violent approach to
resisting slavery.
60. Non- Insurrectionary
Resistance con’t
• Grand Maroonage (running away)
• Maritime Maroonage in the Eastern
Caribbean ( fled as stowaways on ships)
• Suicide
• Malingering (time wasting or go slow)
• Poisoning
• Pretend being sick
• Ill treating estate animals.
• Sabotage
61. • Telling lies, to avoid work
• Refusal to work (strikes)
• Suicide
• Self mutilation in order to be unable to
work. For eg. By cutting off an arm or
leg.
63. Insurrectionary Resistance
• Such methods included:
• Murder of plantation owner(s) - poisoning was
one such method used by the domestics.
• Destruction of property - damage to
plantation tools and machinery done in such a
manner so as to appear accidental. Over a
prolonged period, this caused considerable
cost to the plantation in terms of repairs.
• Rebellions. Planned revolts
• Maiming and killing of livestock
64. SUICIDE
• The African slaves in particular believed
that after death their spirit returned
to Africa.
• They were, therefore, willing to obtain
the ultimate and irreversible freedom.
• The Ebos, it is argued, were more prone
to committing suicide.
• It also became gender specific.
65. MALINGERING
• This is known as 'go slow'.
• The slaves would deliberately work
slower or below their productive
capacity.
• This was particularly effective at
harvest time when a few hours behind
schedule could make a world of
difference in the level of profit
realised.
66. ILL-TREATMENT OF ESTATE
ANIMALS
• The slaves would deliberately wound the
estate animal with intent to harm or kill them.
• It would cost the master a pretty penny to
replace these animals. Of course, the kind of
accomplishment that the slave would feel
when, in the short run, the planter/overseer
is alarmed as the animal 'drops dead' or is
unable to turn the mill at harvest time
because of a wound to its leg.
67. MURDER BY POISON
• Arsenic was probably the most common
form of poisoning but the slaves also
used 'potions' that they obtained from
the obeah men, as well as their own
concoction from trees and shrubs. For
example, in 1774 an overseer on a
Barbadian plantation was murdered
(poisoned) by his slaves.
68. Maroonage
• RUNAWAYS
Running away or 'pulling foot' was a fairly common means of resistance.
• What were the factors that made running away successful for the slave?
• Colonies with hilly interiors such as Grenada or St. Lucia or mountains (Jamaica
the Cockpits) or dense forested interiors (British Guiana). Remember that the
last two colonies boasted the presence of Maroon and Bush Negro villages. St.
Lucia's runaways were called brigands while Dominica and St. Vincent also had
sizeable maroon communities.
• Neighbouring territories such as Cuba and Puerto Rico were viewed as cities of
refuge. Runaways could slip away on one of the many ships that plied the
Caribbean waters doing trade.
• In the crowded busy harbours, ports and towns of the cities Bridgeport, Port
of Spain, Kingston, etc., fugitives could easily pass as free men. In a few cases,
the cost of recapturing the fugitive delayed the recapturing process and that
delay offered the slave an excellent chance to make his or her get away. The
planters had to underwrite the cost of advertisement in the press, or use
posters in public places. In addition, he had to fit out an expedition party to
search for the fugitive. This was very costly and it was arguably cheaper
(depending also on the length of time it took to recapture the slave) to just buy
another slave to replace the escapee.
69. THE MAROONS
• In Jamaica, the first Maroons were the indigenous Tainos, a
group of Arawak people that migrated from South and
Central America. They moved to the hills when the Spanish
invaded Jamaica in 1494. A number of the first Africans
that were brought into Jamaica by the Spanish, 1513
onwards, moved straight to the hills. They came into contact
with and lived among the Tainos.
• The lifestyle of the early Maroons was a combination of
Taino and African traditions, which were similar in many
ways. There was a chief and a council of elders. They spoke
several languages – the most common was called Kramanti,
which was similar to the Twi language of the Asante people
of Ghana. Their main contact with the outside was their
secret trade in jerk pork with the Spanish resistance, which
extended to Cuba, and trade with the pirates for who jerk
70. Activity 2
• In your groups create a soca song based
on the types of resistance we learned
today
• You must compose one verse and a
chorous.
71. And finally...
Remember my challenge...
How many forms of resistance can you
remember?
Look at the board. Were you right?
72.
73. Role of Women in Slave
Resistance
• Is it that the
women
accommodated
slavery more easily
than men?
• Pro slavery stereo
type of female
slave has to be
abandoned.
• Women wanted
liberty which
74. • Writers of the
time such as Monk
Lewis and Mrs.
Carmichael showed
that women were
more bothersome
than men and were
referred to as
‘female demons’ and
‘bothersome
domestic servants.’
75. • Monk Lewis recorded that having tried
every method to be accommodative
enslaved women were more bothersome.
• In Trinidad legislation to ban whipping
of women was hindered by planters who
saw women as being insolent and merit
punishment. They got support from the
Colonial Office.
76. • Women were dominant in the field and were
punished just the same like men.
• No matter the gender, occupation, or colour
resisting oppression was a must.
• Women used non violent means to resist
slavery from malingering, labour withdrawal.
These resulted in deportation of four women
in Barbados to Virginia for laziness.
77. In Barbados
• Women like Mary Turner and Barbara
Bush wrote of acts of resistance such
as abortion, infanticide, market women
running away with money, sabotage of
the factory work. These were a few
things slave women did to resist.
78. Cultural Resistance by Female
Slaves.
• Barbara Bush tells us that female slaves
practiced Cultural Resistance.
• Slave women refused to adopt European
Culture and retained Afro Centric
values.
• The same ladies used Creole to curse
the planters and the overseers.
• Planters fragmented the family and this
created a break down in cultural values.
79. • Some women ran away while others destroyed the planter’s
property.
• Killing livestock (field) was one such form of active resistance.
• They faced horrific punishments if caught, including the cutting
off of ears, and the pulling out of teeth.
• Women who resisted by raising their hands to the master, or
any white person, for that matter, were punished severely: if
not by death, their hands would be amputated. This form of
amputation would also be administered to slaves who stole.
• At Maumee bay in Jamaica, a female slave with but only one
hand, the other having being cut off…white woman swearing that
the slave had struck her
80. • enslaved women did not commit any offense.
• Some planters were blatantly sick and sadistic in the
severity of the actions that they took. In one case in
Jamaica, a narrator describes a slave woman,
screaming and suspended by her wrists on a tree.
• She swayed back and forth.
• The observer saw no sign of whippings, but upon
looking closer he was horrified to see that the master
was "seemingly motionless" and was holding a stick of
fire in his hand to which he occasionally touched her
with it as she swung.