An operating system serves as the interface between software and hardware, managing resources and operations on a computer. There are various types of operating systems including batch, multi-programming, multi-tasking, time-sharing, distributed, network, and real-time systems, each with distinct benefits and drawbacks. Examples include Windows and Linux, with functionalities ranging from job scheduling to multi-user capabilities.

1. TYPES OF
OPERATING
SYSTEMS
Md sahil shahh

2. W H AT I S A N O P E R AT I N G
S Y S T E M ? ?
An operating system acts as an interface between the
software and different parts of the computer or the
computer hardware. The operating system is designed in
such a way that it can manage the overall resources and
operations of the computer.
Examples of Operating Systems are
Windows, Linux, Mac OS, etc.

3. T Y P E S O F
O P E R AT I N G
S Y S T E M
• Batch Operating System
• Multi-Programming System
• Multi-Processing System
• Multi-Tasking Operating System
• Time-Sharing Operating System
• Distributed Operating System
• Network Operating System
• Real-Time Operating System

4. B AT C H O P E R AT I N G
S Y S T E M S
•Batch OS: Jobs with
similar requirements are
grouped together and
run in batches.
•Users submit jobs to the
computer, which processes
them in the order they arrive.
•Example: Early mainframe
systems.
•benefits: Efficient job
execution, minimizes idle
time.
•drawbacks: No direct user
interaction, slow processing.

5. M U L T I - P R O G R A M M I N G O P E R AT I N G
S Y S T E M
• Multiple programs are loaded into memory
and run simultaneously.
•The OS switches between programs to
maximize CPU use.
•Example: Unix systems.
•advantage: Efficient use of CPU.
•disadvantage: Complex to manage
memory and processes.

6. M U L T I - TA S K I N G O P E R AT I N G S Y S T E M
•Example: Windows, macOS.
•advantage: Better user experience,
efficient time management.
•disadvantage: May slow down if too
many tasks run simultaneously.
• Allows multiple tasks or processes to run at the same
time.
•The CPU switches between tasks to give the illusion of
simultaneous execution.

7. • Multiple users can use a computer at the same time
by sharing CPU time.
•The OS allocates a time slot for each user or task.
•Example: Early Unix systems.
•advantage: Interactive use,
efficient use of resources.
•disadvantage: Can become
overloaded with too many users
Time-sharing Operating
System

8. D I S T R I B U T E D O P E R AT I N G S Y S T E M
• Manages a group of computers and makes them appear
as one.
•Resources are shared between different systems
connected over a network.
•Example: Cluster systems, Google’s cloud infrastructure.
•advantage: High performance, scalability.
•disadvntage: Complex to manage and coordinate between
systems.

9. M U L T I - P R O C E S S I N G O P E R AT I N G S Y S T E M
•Multi-processing OS: Supports multiple CPUs to work
together on different tasks at the same time.
•Uses two or more processors to increase computing
power.
•Example: Linux, modern
Windows.
•advantage: Faster performance,
more efficient.
•disadvantage: More complex to
manage multiple processors.

10. Network Operating System
• Provides services like file sharing and
communication across a network.
•Each computer has its own OS but can
communicate over the network.
•Example: Novell NetWare, Windows
Server.
•advantage: Centralized control,
resource sharing.
•disadvantage: Network dependency,
security issues.

11. R E A L - T I M E O P E R AT I N G S Y S T E M ( R T O S )
• Designed to process data as it comes in,
with minimal delay.
•Used in systems where timing is critical
(e.g., medical devices, flight control).
•Example: VxWorks, FreeRTOS.
•advantage: Precise and reliable timing.
•disadvantage: Limited resources,
expensive to develop.

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